Composición de ácidos grasos (MUFA y CLA) en tejido muscular de bovino relacionado con la presencia del polimorfismo g.878TC en el gen SCD / Fatty acid composition (MUFA and CLA) in bovine muscle tissue related with the presence of the g.878TC SCD gene polymorphism

El tejido muscular de muchos animales domésticos es fuente de proteínas, grasa y minerales para los seres humanos y está compuesto por una serie de estructuras que le otorgan propiedades nutricionales y bioquímicas. En los ultimos años se ha identificado un polimorfismo de único nucleótido (SNP) en el gen SCD (g.878TC), que influye sobre la composición de ácidos grasos en los bovinos. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la presencia del SNP g.878TC en músculo Longissimus dorsi de bovino (Bos taurus) por medio de la técnica PCR-RFLP. Fue utilizada una muestra de 100 novillos de raza Aberdeen Angus criados y sacrificados en la Región de La Araucanía (Chile). La frecuencia genotípica del polimorfismo fue de: 0,33 para TT, 0,43 para TC y 0,24 para el genotipo CC. La frecuencia alélica fue de 0,54 para el alelo T y 0,63 para el alelo C. De acuerdo a la composición de ácidos grasos, se determinó que existe una relación positiva entre el genotipo CC y el contenido de ácidos grasos MUFA y CLA presentes en el músculo Longissimus dorsi de novillos Angus. Por lo tanto, el SNP g.878TC podría ser considerado como un marcador genético para la selección de animales Aberdeen Angus, con una composición de ácidos grasos más saludable...

The muscle tissue of many domestic animals is a source of protein, fat and minerals to humans and consists of a series of structures that give nutritional and biochemical properties. In recent years it has identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the SCD gene (g.878TC), which influences the fatty acid composition in cattle. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of SNP g.878TC in Longissimus dorsi bovine (Bos taurus) using the PCR-RFLP. It was used a sample of 100 Aberdeen Angus steers raised and slaughtered in the region of Araucania (Chile). Polymorphism genotype frequency were: 0.33 for TT, 043 for CT and 0.24 for the CC genotype. The allelic frequency was 0.54 for the T allele and 0.63 for allele C. According to the fatty acid composition was determined that a positive relationship between genotype CC and the content of MUFA and CLA fatty acids present in the Longissimus dorsi muscle of Angus steers. Therefore, the SNP g.878TC could be considered as a genetic marker for selection of animals Aberdeen Angus, with a fatty acid composition more healthy...

Papel dos lipídeos da dieta na nefropatia diabética: [revisão] / Role of dietary lipids in diabetic nephropathy: [review]

O objetivo do presente manuscrito foi revisar o possível papel dos lipídeos dietéticos na nefropatia diabética (ND), considerando as alterações do perfil lipídico associadas e a interação entre aspectos dietéticos e genéticos. Os lipídeos dietéticos podem ter um papel importante no desenvolvimento e na progressão da ND. A composição das gorduras da dieta tem sido associada com a ND, particularmente à microalbuminúria e às anormalidades lipídicas e de função endotelial. Entretanto, ainda não está comprovado o benefício da modificação da ingestão de gorduras em pacientes com ND, em especial sobre desfechos definitivos, como incidência e progressão da ND, insuficiência renal e morte. Além disso, a resposta do perfil lipídico à ingestão de gorduras pode ser influenciada por fatores genéticos. A identificação de polimorfismos genéticos específicos associados a essa interação poderá permitir a individualização de estratégias nutricionais na ND.

The aim of the present study was to review the possible role of dietary lipids in diabetic nephropathy (DN), taking into account associated abnormalities of serum lipids and interaction of dietary and genetic aspects. Dietary lipids may have an important role in the development and progression of DN. The fat diet composition has been associated with DN, particularly with microalbuminuria, serum lipids abnormalities, and endothelial function. However, the beneficial effect of fat intake modification for these patients is not fully established, especially regarding hard outcomes, such as DN incidence and progression, kidney failure, and death. Moreover, genetic factors may influence the response of serum lipids to fat intake. The identification of specific genetic polymorphisms associated with this interaction could allow adoption of individual nutritional strategies in DN.

Lipoprotein lipase PvuII polymorphism is associated with variations in serum lipid levels in non-diabetic pregnant women

The aim of the present study was to determine if there is an association between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and apolipoprotein E (apo E) genes and the serum lipid profile in pregnancy and puerperium. Non-diabetic women of European descent in the third semester of pregnancy (N = 120) were selected. Those with diseases or other condition that could modify their lipid profile were excluded from the study (N = 32). Serum lipids were measured by routine laboratory procedures and genomic DNA was extracted by a salting out method. LPL (PvuII and HindIII) and apo E (HhaI) SNPs were detected by the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Categorical and continuous variables were compared by the chi-square test and Student t-test or ANOVA, respectively. Women carrying the LPL P1P1 genotype had higher serum LDL cholesterol (N = 21; 155 ± 45 mg/dL) than women carrying the P1P2/P2P2 genotypes (N = 67; 133 ± 45 mg/dL; P = 0.032). During the puerperium period, serum levels of triglycerides and VLDL cholesterol were significantly reduced in women carrying the P1P1 (73 percent, P = 0.006) and P1P2 (51 percent, P = 0.002) genotypes but not in women carrying the P2P2 genotype (23 percent, P > 0.05). On the other hand, serum concentrations of lipids did not differ between the LPL HindIII and apo E genotypes during pregnancy and after delivery. We conclude that LPL PvuII SNP is associated with variations in serum lipids during pregnancy and the puerperal period in non-diabetic women.

Effects of a PPARG gene variant on obesity characteristics in Brazil

The contribution of genetic factors to the development of obesity has been widely recognized, but the identity of the genes involved has not yet been fully clarified. Variation in genes involved in adipocyte differentiation and energy metabolism is expected to have a role in the etiology of obesity. We assessed the potential association of a polymorphism in one candidate gene, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARGg), involved in these pathways and obesity-related phenotypes in 335 Brazilians of European descent. All individuals included in the sample were adults. Pregnant women, as well as those individuals with secondary hyperlipidemia due to renal, liver or thyroid disease, and diabetes, were not invited to participate in the study; all other individuals were included. The gene variant PPARG Pro12Ala was studied by a PCR-based method and the association between this genetic polymorphism and obesity-related phenotypes was evaluated by analysis of covariance. Variant allele frequency was PPARG Ala12 = 0.09 which is in the same range as described for European and European-derived populations. No statistically significant differences were observed for mean total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, or triglyceride levels among PPARG genotypes in either gender. In the male sample, an association between the PPARG Pro12Ala variant and body mass index was detected, with male carriers of the Ala variant presenting a higher mean body mass index than wild-type homozygotes (28.3 vs 26.2 kg/m², P = 0.037). No effect of this polymorphism was detected in women. This finding suggests that the PPARG gene has a gender-specific effect and contributes to the susceptibility to obesity in this population.

APOA1/C3/A4 gene cluster variability and lipid levels in Brazilian children

Genetic studies have suggested that polymorphisms of genes coding for apolipoproteins are significant determinants of serum lipoprotein and lipid levels in adults. However, only a few studies have investigated the association of these polymorphisms in children. Therefore, in the present investigation we studied the distribution of APOA1 -75 G>A, +83 C>T, APOC3 -482 C>T, -455 T>C and 3238 C>G, and APOA4 Q360H and T347S polymorphisms and their influence on plasma lipoprotein levels in children from a Brazilian northeastern admixed population. The seven polymorphic sites were genotyped in 414 children aged 5 to 15 years (mean 8.9 ± 2.9). The genotypes of the seven polymorphic sites were assessed by PCR-RFLP methods. The frequencies of the less common alleles were, in general, intermediate among parental populations, as expected. Strong linkage disequilibrium was detected between polymorphisms at the APOA1, APOC3 and APOA4 loci in this admixed population sample. Overall the genotype effects seen in adults were weaker or absent in children. The APOC3/-455 and APOA4 T347S variants showed significant effects on HDL cholesterol in girls (P = 0.033 and P = 0.016, respectively). Significantly higher plasma total (P = 0.003) and LDL cholesterol (P = 0.004) levels were observed in boys who were carriers of the 3238G allele at the APOC3/3238 C>G site. These results disclosed an overall absence of associations between these polymorphisms and lipids in children. This finding is not unexpected because expression of the effect of these polymorphisms might depend on the interaction with environmental variables both internal and external to the individual.

Moléculas CD1: Sistema de presentación de lípidos y glicolípidos antigénicos a células T / CD1 Molecules

La familia CD1 configura un tercer linaje de moléculas presentadoras de antígeno no polimórficas que presentan lípidos y glicolípidos a células T y se expresan independientemente de MHC clase I y clase II. Las células T CD1-restringidas pueden estar involucradas en respuesta inmune contra patógenos intracelulares (M. tuberculosis y M. leprae), autoinmunidad y rechazo a tumores

O componente genético da determinação dos lipídeos séricos / The genetic component of serum lipid determination

Os níveis de lipídeos séricos são características multifatoriais determinadas por um grande número de fatores genéticos e ambientais. A identificação do componente genético dessas características tem sido intensamente investigada nos últimos anos. Esses estudos têm enfocado principalmente polimorfismos nos genes que codificam proteínas estruturais e enzimas relacionadas com o metabolismo de lipídeos. Estudos mais recentes mostraram que o efeito desses polimorfismos depende em parte das interações dos diferentes genótipos com os fatores de risco clássicos tais como tabagismo, sobrepeso ou sedentarismo. A variabilidade encontrada nesses genes parece também influir na resposta a fármacos comumente utilizados no tratamento das hiperlipidemias.

Lipids, apoliprotein-E genotypes and other risk factors of patients with coronary artery disease in Curacao

We studied lipids, apolipoprotein-E (apo-E) genotypes and other coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors of 67 CAD patients (male/female ratio 5) in Curacao. Compared with 57 controls, male CAD patients had higher cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, apo-B and decreased HDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol/cholesterol concentrations. Other CAD risk factors were: increased fasting glucose and Hba concentration, decreased creatinine clearance, and increased prevalences of lipoprotein (a) concentration > 500 mg/l, renal disease, hyperhomcysteinaemia, diabetes mellitus type II (DM-II), positive CAD family history and cigarette smoking. Male CAD patients had higher plasma Ó-tocopherol. Compared with 29 female controls, female CAD patients had higher fasting plasma glucose with HbA concentrations, and prevalence of DM-II. Predicting factors for CAD development in the whole CAD group were: DM-II, cigarette smoking, apo-E/E and apo-E/E Apo-E was associated with lower HDL-and higher LDL-cholesterol concentrations. There is a need for local studies on improvement of diabetic control, reference values of lipoprotein (a) and homocysteine concentrations, on apolipoprotein (a) phenotypes, causes of hyperhomocysteinaemia, and dietary influences on CAD development in subject who carry the apo-E allele.

Anormalidades lipídicas en diabéticos no insulino-dependientes con hipertensión y microalbuminuria

El objetivo del presente estudio fue investigar si anormalidades específicas de los lípidos y lipoproteínas están presentes en pacientes con diabetes mellitus no insulino dependientes (DMNID) con hipertensión arterial (HTA) y/o microalbuminuria (M). Fueron estudiados 109 sujetos con DMNID y 19 sujetos controles, de ambos sexos. Entre los diabéticos, 36 eran normotensos normoalbuminuricos (H-M), 34 hipertensos normoalbuminuricos (H+M), 12 normotensos microalbuminuricos (H-M-), 12 normotensos microalbuminúricos (H-M+) y 27 hipertensos microalbuminúricos (H+M+). Se consideró HTA a cifras mayores a 140/90 mm Hg. La M se la determinó utilizando tira reactiva (micral test). Se consideró M+ a la excreción de albumina urinaria de 20-200 mg/dl. El promedio de edad fue superior en los sujetos diabéticos H-M- e H+M-(p<0.001); H-M+ e H+M+ (p<0.01), frente a los controles. En los diabéticos H-M- (p<0.001) frente a los H+M+;y, en los H-M+ frente a los H+M+(p<0.01). Los diabéticos H+M- e H+M+ presentaron niveles más elevados de colesterol total (CT) que los diabéticos H-M-(p<0.05). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en los diferentes subgrupos para trigliceridos (TG), lipoproteínas de baja densidad (c-LDL) y lipoproteínas de alta densidad (c-LDL). En conclusión, se demostró que la HTA se incrementa con la edad en los diabéticos. La HTA (sin o con M), parece estár asociada con hipercolesterolemia en sujetos con DMNID. La M sola en los diabéticos no se asocia con trastorno alguno de los lípidos y lipoproteínas. Combinada con HTA se asocia con elevados niveles de CT.

La obesidad como factor de riesgo cardiovascular en México: estudio en población abierta / Obesity as a cardiovascular riks factor in Mexico: a population based study

Se presentan los resultados de una investigación, realizada en población abierta urbana de nivel económico bajo, diseñada para estimar la prevalencia de obesidad, caracterizar sus variantes de distribución de adiposidad corporal, y evaluar el impacto que tiene sobre las variables metabólicas que definen el riesgo cardiovascular. El estudio se realizó en una colonia del distrito Federal. El censo de la comunidad reveló una población total de 4411 bhabitantes, de los cuales 931 se encontraron entre 35 y 64 años (452 hombres, 479 mujeres) que se consideraron elegibles. Las tasas de respuesta fueron: en la entrevista de domicilio 92 por ciento, y en el examen físico 70 por ciento. Utilizando como indicador de adiposidad corporal el índice de masa corporal (IMC), definiendo obesidad a partir de un IMC en hombres * 27.7 y en mujeres * 27.3, encontramos una tasa cruda de prevalencia de 37 por ciento en los hombres y en las mujeres de 60 por ciento. los pliegues subescapular y tricipital tuvieron valores significativamente más altos en los sujetos obesos. La relación entre las circunferencias de cintura y cadera reveló un acúmilo de adiposidad en el segmento superior del cuerpo especialmente mayor en los dos primeros grupos de edad en ambos sexos. La presión arterial fue más alta en los sujetos obesos siendo significativa la diferencia en los hombres de los primeros dos grupos de edad y en las mujeres más jóvenes. Los valores de glucemia postcarga de glucosa fueron significativamente más altos en los primeros dos grupos de edad en las mujeres y en los hombres del grupo intermedio con diagnóstico de obesidad. Los valores de insulina en ayuno fueron significativamente más altos en los primeros dos grupos de edad en los hombres y en los tres de las mujeres. Se demostró un nivel bajo de HDL colesterol en toda la población. Esta diferencia alcanzó significancia en las mujeres jóvenes. Resalta la hipertrigliceridemia que se encontró en la mayor parte de la población con y sin obesidad. La opinión de los participantes fue explorada: se observó que los hombres tienden a preferir intentar bajar de peso con ejercicio, y la mujer con dieta. Una proporción importante de la población admite haber subido de peso con la edad y considera que el ejercicio no sirve para bajar de peso, ya que éste aumenta el apetito. Concluimos que la obesidad es un grave problema de salud pública que afecta una parte muy grande de la población. Este problema tiende a incrementarse entre otras caus