Importancia del líquido sinovial en la articulación temporomandibular y sus implicancias en la patología articular / Value of synovial fluid in the temporomandibular joint and its implications in articular pathology

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión de la literatura respecto de la importancia del líquido sinovial en la articulación temporomandibular y sus implicancias en la patología articular. El líquido sinovial corresponde a un fluido viscoso y filante de color amarillento claro, compuesto principalmente por proteínas plasmáticas, componentes celulares, moléculas lubricantes, citoquinas, factores de crecimiento y enzimas. Es producido por la membrana sinovial y se encuentra en relación directa con las superficies articulares y la membrana sinovial, mediando las interacciones entre los tejidos de las articulaciones sinoviales. En la articulación temporomandibular desempeña un papel fundamental en el mantenimiento y regulación de la fisiología, a través de funciones lubricantes, reguladoras y metabólicas, disminuyendo el roce de las superficies articulares durante todos sus movimientos. En los trastornos temporomandibulares, la composición y función del líquido sinovial se puede ver alterada por cambios en los tejido de la articulación temporomandibular, estos cambios pueden resultar en una disminución en la capacidad de lubricar las superficies articulares y generar un ambiente catabólico en el interior de la articulación, contribuyendo conjuntamente al deterioro de éstas.

SUMMARY: The aim of this study was to conduct a review of the literature on the value of synovial fluid in the temporomandibular joint and its implications in joint pathology. The synovial fluid is a viscous and filamentous fluid of a light yellow color, composed mainly of plasma proteins, cellular components, lubricating molecules, cytokines, growth factors and enzymes. It is produced by the synovial membrane and is in direct relation with the joint surfaces and the synovial membrane, mediating the interactions between the tissues of the synovial joints. In the temporomandibular joint it plays a fundamental role in the maintenance and regulation of physiology, through lubricating, regulating and metabolic functions, decreasing the friction of the joint surfaces during all its movements. In temporomandibular disorders, synovial fluid function can be altered by changes in the tissues of the temporomandibular joint, these changes can result in a decrease in the ability to lubricate the joint surfaces and generate a catabolic environment inside the joint, contributing together to the deterioration of these.

Aspectos fisicoquímicos e citológicos do líquido sinovial da articulação temporomandibular de equinos em diferentes idades / Cytological and physicochemical aspects of the temporomandibular joint synovial fluid of horses in different ages

A análise do líquido sinovial é de grande importância para identificar alterações citológicas e químicas de afecções inflamatórias supurativas e não supurativas, hemorragias, neoplasia ou doenças infecciosas. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os aspectos fisicoquímicos e citológicos do líquido sinovial da articulação temporomandibular em 24 equinos hígidos, sendo 12 machos e 12 fêmeas, que foram divididos em quatro grupos, sendo um grupo controle (Gc) com a idade variando de cinco a 13 anos, grupo 1 (G1) com a idade variando entre cinco e sete anos, grupo 2 (G2) com idade variando entre oito e dez anos e grupo 3 (G3) com idade que varia entre 11 e 13 anos. O líquido sinovial foi avaliado quanto ao seu volume, pH, densidade, glicose, proteínas totais, hemácias, células nucleadas, neutró filos, linfócitos e macrófagos. Os animais do presente estudo foram tratados para alterações dentárias leves e não foi possível detectar alterações fisicoquímicas e citológicas no líquido sinovial entre os diferentes grupos.

The synovial fluid analysis is very important to identify cytology and chemical modifications of suppurative and nonsuppurative inflammatory diseases, bleeding, neoplasm or infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze the physicochemical and cytological aspects of temporomandibular joint synovial fluid in 24 healthy horses, 12 males and 12 females, who were divided into four groups: control group (Gc) with age varied between five to 13 years, group 1 (G1), with ages varied between five and seven years, group 2 (G2) age varied between eight and ten years and group 3 (G3) with age varied between 11 and 13. The synovial fluid was evaluated for volume, pH, density, glucose, total protein, red blood cells, nucleated cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes and macrophages. The animals in this study were treated for minor dental abnormalities and it was not possible to detect changes in physicochemical and cytologic synovial fluid between the different groups.

Comparación de hallazgos quirúrgicos de lesiones meniscales con hallazgos imagenológicos de RMN tratados a través de cirugía artroscopica: en IVSS Hospital Dr. Juan Montezuma Ginnari durante el período 2003-2006 / Comparison of surgical findings of meniscal injuries with RMN imaging findings of treated through arthroscopic surgery: in IVSS Hospital Dr. Juan Montezuma Ginnari during the period 2003-2006

Los meniscos son estructuras indispensables para la función normal de la rodilla, su afectación puede ser degenerativa o traumática. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y analítico que reunió 69 pacientes con meniscopatía, tratados a trevés de la cirugía Atroscópica. Se encontró relación entre hallazgos imagenológicos y quirúrgicos en cuanto a la frecuencia de lesiones del lado derecho del menisco, siendo mayormente afectado el menisco medial con 61,40 por ciento por hallazgos quirúrgicos en comparación al 51,51 por ciento de frecuencia del menisco lateral según la Resonancia magnética.

Técnica de citometria de fluxo para avaliação da produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio pelas células do líquido sinovial de eqüinos / Cytometry flow techniques for evaluation of reactive oxygen species produced by equine synovial cells fluid

Using the cytometry flow analysis and adapting the method proposed by Hasui et al. (1985), it was possible to quantify the reactive oxygen species (ROE) produced by distinct cell populations of the synovial fluid from rigid and inflamed joints in horses, and to identify an increase in the polymorphonuclear cells population densities in the inflamed joints. These data strengthen the premise that cytometry flow techniques can contribute for future researches on the articular cartilage degeneration in horses.

An experimental study of healing of the partially severed flexor tendon in chickens

There is a lack of clinical and experimental studies of the treatment of incompletely transected tendons. The controversy concerning the source of flexor tendon nutrients is of important clinical concern in healing of the injured tendon; thus, the flexor tendon blood supply has cited as a reason for using specific tendon suture techniques, and as a rationale for preserving the superficialis tendon and its vincula during tendon repair surgery. Our knowledge of the normal physiology of digital flexor tendons and the mechanism of their healing process is deficient. The aim of this study was to investigate the relative importance of the synovial fluid and the blood supply respectively for the healing of partially severed flexor tendons. We observed the sequential histological and vascular changes which occur in healing of the partial lacerations in the dorsal and plantar aspects of the tendons. We observed the vascularities of the two partially severed tendon groups after injection of microfil and india ink through the femoral artery. In the healing process there was no sequential histological difference between the dorsal and the plantar severed tendons. The vascularity patterns of the healing tendons were significantly increased and the hypervascularity of dorsal severed tendons was greater than that of plantar severed tendons. Partially severed tendons were completely healed without surgical repair with dense collagen fibers without adhesion in most cases. We concluded from this study that the blood vessels appeared to play a significant role in the healing of the severed flexor tendons. An intact synovial environment did not seem to be required for healing of the severed tendon. It is not necessary to surgically repair the partially severed tendon for prevention of rupture and adhesion.