Eficacia de la impronta citológica peritoneal para decidir cuándo detener los lavados peritoneales programados / Efficacy of Peritoneal Cytological Imprinting in Deciding When to Stop Scheduled Peritoneal Lavages

Introducción: La no existencia de un parámetro preestablecido que permita determinar el momento preciso para suspender los lavados peritoneales programados, conlleva a que muchas veces se realice un número insuficiente de ellos, o tal vez estos se prolonguen de forma innecesaria y aumentan las probabilidades de fallecimiento del paciente. Objetivo: Determinar la eficacia de la impronta citológica peritoneal para decidir cuándo detener los lavados peritoneales programados. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de exactitud diagnóstica, en una serie de casos, con recogida prospectiva de datos desde enero de 2010 hasta diciembre de 2014, en el Hospital Provincial Clínico-Quirúrgico Docente "Celia Sánchez Manduley. La muestra quedó conformada por 42 pacientes que fueron tratados por peritonitis secundaria persistente. Se clasificaron según cuatro categorías de correlación y se tomó como estándar de referencia a la biopsia por parafina. Resultados: Las muestras con inflamación aguda peritoneal y curación de la inflamación peritoneal se identificaron correctamente en 39/42 casos, por lo tanto, el porcentaje predictivo global de la impronta citológica fue del 92,86 por ciento. La sensibilidad en el diagnóstico de inflamación aguda peritoneal fue del 100 por ciento, la especificidad del 92,68 por ciento, el valor predictivo positivo fue del 24,99 por ciento y el valor predictivo negativo del 100 por ciento. Las razones de verosimilitudes positiva y negativa fueron 13,67 y 0, respectivamente. El coeficiente (κ) fue de 0,376. Conclusiones: La impronta citológica peritoneal constituye un método diagnóstico eficaz para descartar inflamación aguda peritoneal cuando el resultado es negativo y se consideró de gran utilidad para detener los lavados peritoneales programados(AU)

Introduction: The lack of a pre-established parameter that allows determining the precise moment to suspend the scheduled peritoneal lavages, often leads to performing insufficient number of them, or perhaps these are unnecessarily prolonged, increasing the probability of the patient´s death. Objective: To determine the efficacy of peritoneal cytological imprinting in deciding when to stop scheduled peritoneal lavages. Methods: A descriptive study of diagnostic accuracy was carried out, in a series of cases, with prospective data collection in the five-year period from 2010 to 2014 at Celia Sánchez Manduley Provincial Clinical-Surgical Teaching Hospital. The sample was made up of 42 patients who were treated for persistent secondary peritonitis. They were classified according to four correlation categories, taking paraffin biopsy as reference standard. Results: Samples with acute peritoneal inflammation and healing of peritoneal inflammation were correctly identified in 39/42 cases. Therefore, the global predictive percentage of the cytological imprint was 92.86 percent. The sensitivity in the diagnosis of acute peritoneal inflammation was 100 percent, the specificity was 92.68 percent, the positive predictive value was 24.99 percent, and the negative predictive value was 100 percent. The positive and negative likelihood ratios were 13.67 and 0, respectively. Cohen's kappa coefficient (κ) was 0.376. Conclusions: The peritoneal cytological imprint is an effective diagnostic method to rule out acute peritoneal inflammation when the result is negative and it was considered very useful to stop scheduled peritoneal lavages(AU)

Laparoscopia e lavado peritoneal no pré-operatório do adenocarcinoma gástrico: podemos modificar a conduta? / Preoperative laparoscopy and peritoneal lavage in gastric adenocarcinoma: can the approach be modified?

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar se a laparoscopia com lavado peritoneal é superior à tomografia computadorizada para o estadiamento do adenocarcinoma gástrico e se pode modificar a conduta cirúrgica do paciente. Métodos: estudo retrospectivo de 46 pacientes portadores de adenocarcinoma gástrico tratados pela equipe de cirurgia digestiva do Hospital de Clínicas de Passo Fundo (RS), de janeiro de 2015 a dezembro de 2018, e submetidos à laparoscopia com lavado peritoneal pré-operatório. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos ao estadiamento clínico pré-operatório com tomografia computadorizada. Resultados: dos 46 pacientes analisados, a maioria apresentava tumores localizados na cárdia (34,8%), pouco diferenciados (69,6%) e do subtipo células em anel de sinete (65,2%). Em 91,3% deles a tomografia computadorizada não identificou carcinomatose peritoneal ou metástases à distância. Entre estes pacientes com tomografia computadorizada negativa para doença à distância, 21,8% apresentaram lavado peritoneal positivo para células neoplásicas e tiveram suas condutas terapêuticas modificadas. Conclusão: a laparoscopia e o lavado peritoneal alteraram a decisão cirúrgica em 21,8% dos pacientes, proporcionando um estadiamento pré-operatório mais fidedigno no adenocarcinoma gástrico.

ABSTRACT Objective: to assess whether laparoscopy with peritoneal lavage is superior to computed tomography for staging gastric adenocarcinoma and whether it can modify the surgical approach. Methods: we conducted a retrospective study of 46 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma treated by the digestive surgery team of the Passo Fundo Clinics Hospital (RS), from January 2015 to December 2018, and submitted to laparoscopy with preoperative peritoneal lavage. All patients underwent preoperative clinical staging with computed tomography. Results: of the 46 patients analyzed, the majority had tumors located in the cardia (34.8%), poorly differentiated (69.6%), and subtype signet ring cells (65.2%). In 91.3%, the computed tomography scan did not identify peritoneal carcinomatosis or distant metastasis. Among these patients with negative computed tomography for distant disease, 21.8% had positive peritoneal lavage for neoplastic cells and had their therapeutic approaches modified. Conclusion: laparoscopy and peritoneal lavage altered the surgical decision in 21.8% of patients, providing a more reliable preoperative staging in gastric adenocarcinoma.

Continuous peritoneal lavage with vacuum peritoneostomy: an experimental study

OBJECTIVE: Despite advances in diffuse peritonitis treatment protocols, some cases develop unfavorably. With the advent of vacuum therapy, the use of laparostomy to treat peritonitis has gained traction. Another treatment modality is continuous peritoneal lavage. However, maintaining this technique is difficult and has been associated with controversial results. We propose a new model of continuous peritoneal lavage that takes advantage of the features and benefits of vacuum laparostomy. METHOD: Pigs (Landrace and Large White) under general anesthesia were submitted to laparostomy through which a multiperforated tube was placed along each flank and exteriorized in the left and lower right quadrants. A vacuum dressing was applied, and intermittent negative pressure was maintained. Peritoneal dialysis solution (PDS) was then infused through the tubes for 36 hours. The stability of peritoneostomy with intermittent infusion of fluids, the system resistance to obstruction and leakage, water balance, hemodynamic and biochemical parameters were evaluated. Fluid disposition in the abdominal cavity was analyzed through CT. RESULTS: Even when negative pressure was not applied, the dressing maintained the integrity of the system, and there were no leaks or blockage of the catheters during the procedure. The aspirated volume by vacuum laparostomy was similar to the infused volume (9073.5±1496.35 mL versus 10165±235.73 mL, p=0.25), and there were no major changes in hemodynamic or biochemical analysis. According to CT images, 60 ml/kg PDS was sufficient to occupy all intra-abdominal spaces. CONCLUSION: Continuous peritoneal lavage with negative pressure proved to be technically possible and may be an option in the treatment of diffuse peritonitis.

Animal model of continuous peritoneal lavage with vacuum peritoneostomy

Abstract Purpose: To establish and evaluate the feasibility of continuous peritoneal lavage with vacuum peritoneostomy in an animal model. Methods: Eight pigs aged 3-4 months, females, were anesthetized and submitted to laparotomy and installation of a continuous peritoneal lavage with vacuum peritoneostomy. The sta-bility of the system, the physiological effects of washing with NaCl 0.9% and the sys-tem clearance were evaluated. Results: Stability of vacuum peritoneostomy was observed, with no catheter leaks or obstructions and the clearance proved adequate, however, the mean volume of fluids aspirated by the peritoneostomy at the end of the experiment was higher than the volume infused by the catheters (p=0.02). Besides that, the animals presented a progressive increase in heart rate (p=0.04) and serum potassium (p=0.02). Conclusion: The continuous peritoneal lavage technique with vacuum peritoneostomy is feasible and presents adequate clearance.

Influence of the peritoneal lavage with bupivacaine on the survival and resistance of colonic anastomoses performed under fecal peritonitis in rats

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of peritoneal lavage with bupivacaine on survival and initial resistance of anastomosis on distal colon, performed under peritonitis or not. METHODS: Forty rats, weighing from 300 to 350g (321.29±11.31g), were randomly divided in four groups and underwent laparotomy and anastomosis on the distal colon six hours after induction of peritonitis by intraperitoneal injection of autologous fecal material or not. Group 1: No peritonitis and lavage with 3ml NS; Group 2: No peritonitis and lavage with 8 mg.kg-1 (± 0.5 mL) of 0.5% bupivacaine added to 2.5 mL of NS; Group 3: Peritonitis and lavage with 3ml NS; Group 4: Peritonitis and lavage with 8 mg.kg-1 (± 0.5 mL) of 0.5% bupivacaine added to 2.5 mL of NS. Necropsies were performed on the animals that died and the time of death was recorded. Surviving animals were submitted to euthanasia on the fifth post-operative day and Total Energy of Rupture biomechanical test (TER) was applied. RESULTS: Group 4 showed survival increase compared to Group 3, without statistical significance. Group 3 presented the smallest average TER, with statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Peritonitis increased mortality and influenced negatively the resistance of colic anastomosis in rats. Peritoneal lavage with bupivacaine increased anastomotic resistance.

Lavado peritoneal laparoscópico como tratamiento de diverticulitis aguda perforada / Laparoscopic peritoneal lavage as treatment for acute perforated diverticulitis

Introduction: Sigmoid diverticular disease is common in the occidental world and it is responsible for a great number of hospitalizations. The prevalence of diverticular disease increases with age and only in few cases it is manifest as diverticulitis. Diverticulitis produces variable clinical manifestations, ranging from simple inflammation that only requires medical management, to a life threatening condition, due to a free perforation that requires urgent surgery. Clinical case: In this article we present a clinical case of complicated diverticulitis with free perforation treated with laparoscopic peritoneal lavage.

Introducción: La enfermedad diverticular es muy común en el mundo occidental y es responsable de un gran número de hospitalizaciones. La prevalencia de la enfermedad diverticular aumenta con la edad y sólo en pocos casos se presenta como diverticulitis. La diverticulitis produce manifestaciones clínicas variables que van desde la simple inflamación que sólo requiere tratamiento médico, a una condición potencialmente mortal, debido a una perforación libre que requiere cirugía de urgencias. Caso clínico: Se presenta un caso clínico de diverticulitis complicada con perforación libre manejado con lavado peritoneal laparoscópico.

Drenaje laparoscópico de la diverticulitis aguda complicada Hinchey II y III / Laparoscopic peritoneal lavage for acute diverticulitis

Background: The usual surgical management of acute diverticulitis is Hartmann operation that is associated with high rates of complications and mortality. Recently, less invasive procedures, that avoid ostomies have been proposed as treatment, Alm: To analyze the results of laparoscopic peritoneal lavage in patients with acute diverticulitis. Material and Methods: Prospective analysis of seven patients age 25 to 61 years (four males) admitted for a first episode of acute diverticulitis classified as Hinchey II or III, in whom a percutaneous drainage of collections was not possible. All were subjected to a laparoscopic peritoneal lavage and debridement. Results: The mean body mass index of patients was 30.3 kg/m². Operative time was 55 +/- 28 min and there was no need for ostomies or conversion to open surgery. Two patients had complications. One required a percutaneous drainage of a collection and other required an open surgical procedure for peritoneal lavage. Patients stayed with nil per os for 2 +/- 1 days, required antimicrobials for 14 +/- 4 days and stayed in the hospital for 8 +/- 4 days. Conclusions: Laparoscopic peritoneal lavage is a good alternative surgical procedure for the treatment of acute diverticulitis.

Introducción: Tradicionalmente, el manejo quirúrgico de la diverticulitis aguda complicada (DAC) ha sido la operación de Hartmann. Sin embargo, ésta presenta tasas de morbilidad de 59 por ciento y mortalidad hasta de 12 por ciento. Han aparecido algunos procedimientos no resectivos con algunas ventajas operatorias y que evitarían la confección de una ostomía. Objetivo: Analizar resultados quirúrgicos de una serie de pacientes con DAC sometidos a lavado peritoneal sin resección por vía laparoscópica (LPL). Pacientes y Métodos: Serie de registro prospectiva de siete pacientes, que ingresaron con diagnóstico de DAC Hinchey II en que no fue posible el drenaje percutáneo de las colecciones y pacientes categorizados como Hinchey III, operados entre octubre de 2008 y noviembre de 2010. Resultados: Cuatro pacientes eran de sexo masculino. La edad media fue de 49 años, con un IMC de 30,3 kg/m². Todos los pacientes ingresaron con su primer episodio de DA. El tiempo operatorio fue de 55 +/- 28 minutos. No hubo necesidad de ostomía ni conversión. Dos pacientes presentaron complicaciones que requirieron de nuevos procedimientos durante su estadía. El tiempo de reposo digestivo fue de 2 +/- 1 días y la duración del esquema antibiótico fue de 14 +/- 4 días. La estadía hospitalaria fue de 8 +/- 4 días. Conclusiones: El LPL representa una alternativa al manejo quirúrgico tradicional. Las ventajas teóricas son bajas tasas de morbimortalidad, estadía hospitalaria más corta y sin la eventual necesidad teórica de una ostomía. Esta técnica requiere ser validada en el contexto de un estudio aleatorizado con claridad en criterios de inclusión y exclusión.

A study of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) serum levels in rats subjected to fecal peritonitis and treated with intraperitoneal ropivacaine / Avaliação dos níveis séricos de interleucina 6 (IL-6) e fator de necrose tumoral (TNF-α) em ratos submetidos a peritonite fecal e tratado com ropivacaína intraperitoneal

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to assess the cytokine serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in rats subjected to fecal peritonitis and treated with peritoneal lavage with 0.2% ropivacaine by peritoneal lavage. METHODS: We subjected 16 Wistar rats to laparotomy 6 hours after the induction of fecal peritonitis with autogenous stool and subsequently divided the rats randomly into 4 groups: I-control, no treatment; II- drying of the abdominal cavity; III- lavage of the abdominal cavity with 3 mL of 0.9% normal saline and drying; IV- lavage of the abdominal cavity with 3 mL of 0.2% ropivacaine and drying. Six hours following the laparotomy, the animals underwent cardiac puncture, and 1 mL of blood was collected for cytokine assessment before the animals were euthanized. RESULTS: The lavage with ropivacaine resulted in smaller TNF-α levels compared with those observed in the other treatment groups (p <0.05). Regarding IL-6, the ropivacaine group showed lower cytokine levels than those observed in groups I and II, but there was no significant difference (p> 0.05) between groups III and IV. CONCLUSION: Peritoneal lavage with 0.2% ropivacaine was shown to reduce plasma levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the treatment of fecal peritonitis in rats.

OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar as dosagens séricas das citocinas Il-6 e TNF-α em ratos submetidos à peritonite fecal e tratados com lavagem peritoneal com ropivacaína a 0,2%. MÉTODOS: Utilizaram-se 16 ratos Wistar, submetidos à laparotomia 6 horas após a indução de peritonite fecal com fezes autógenas, distribuídos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos: I- Controle, nenhum tratamento; II- Enxugamento da cavidade abdominal; III- Lavagem da cavidade abdominal com 3 ml de solução salina 0,9% e enxugamento; IV- Lavagem da cavidade abdominal com 3 ml de ropivacaína a 0,2% e enxugamento. Seis horas após a laparotomia os animais foram submetidos à punção cardíaca com retirada de 1 mL de sangue para a dosagem das citocinas e, a seguir, eutanasiados. RESULTADOS: A lavagem com ropivacaína apresentou valores de TNF-α menores do que os observados com os outros tratamentos (p<0,05). Em relação aos valores da IL-6, o grupo da ropivacaína apresentou valores menores do que os observados com os grupos I e II, mas não houve diferença estatística (p>0,05) em relação ao grupo III. CONCLUSÃO: A lavagem peritoneal com ropivacaína a 0,2% no tratamento da peritonite fecal em ratos demonstrou reduzir os níveis plasmáticos de IL-6 e do TNF-α.

Histological features of peritoneal lavage with ropivacaine in rats with fecal peritonitis / Características histológicas da lavagem peritoneal com ropivacaína em ratos com peritonite fecal

PURPOSE: To evaluate the histological features in lungs, peritoneum and liver of rats subjected to fecal peritonitis and treated with peritoneal lavage with 0.2 percent ropivacaine. METHODS: Twenty Wistar rats were subjected to laparotomy 6 h after the fecal peritonitis induction with autogenous stool. Rats were randomly distributed into 4 groups: I - (n=5) Control, no treatment; II - (n=5) Drying of the abdominal cavity; III - (n=5) Abdominal cavity lavage with 3 ml 0.9 percent saline solution and drying; and IV - (n=5) Abdominal cavity lavage with 3 ml 0.2 percent ropivacaine and drying. The animals that died underwent necropsy, and the surviving ones were subjected to euthanasia on the 11th day post-surgery. Fragments of liver, lungs and peritoneum were removed for histological evaluation. RESULTS: The animals that received peritoneal lavage (groups III and IV) showed greater survival than the drying and control groups. Lavage with ropivacaine prevented death during the observed period. Peritoneal lavage with ropivacaine maintained the architecture of the lung, peritoneum and liver without any important histological alterations. The histopathological findings analyzed correlated with greater survival of group IV. CONCLUSION: Treatment of fecal peritonitis in rats with peritoneal lavage using 0.2 percent ropivacaine demonstrated a reduction in histopathological alterations related to inflammatory response and sepsis.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os aspectos histopatológicos em pulmões, peritônios e fígados de ratos submetidos à peritonite fecal e tratados com lavagem peritoneal com ropivacaína a 0,2 por cento. MÉTODOS: Utilizou-se 20 ratos Wistar, submetidos à laparotomia 6 horas após a indução de peritonite fecal com fezes autógenas, distribuídos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos: I- (n=5) Controle, nenhum tratamento; II- (n=5) Enxugamento da cavidade abdominal; III- (n=5) Lavagem da cavidade abdominal com 3 ml de solução salina 0,9 por cento e enxugamento ; IV- (n=5) Lavagem da cavidade abdominal com 3 ml de ropivacaína a 0,2 por cento e enxugamento. Os animais que morreram foram necropsiados e os sobreviventes foram eutanasiados no 11º dia do pós-operatório. Retirou-se fragmentos do fígado, pulmões e do peritônio dos animais para estudo histopatológico. RESULTADOS: Os animais que receberam lavagem peritoneal (grupos III e IV) apresentaram maior sobrevida que os grupos enxugamento e controle. A lavagem com ropivacaína impediu o óbito no período avaliado. A lavagem peritoneal com ropivacaína manteve a arquitetura do pulmão, peritônio e fígado sem alterações histológicas importantes. Os achados histopatológicos analisados foram condizentes com o maior tempo de sobrevida no grupo IV. CONCLUSÃO: A lavagem peritoneal com ropivacaína a 0,2 por cento no tratamento da peritonite fecal em ratos demonstrou reduzir as alterações histopatológicas relacionados à resposta inflamatória e sepse.

Resultados del tratamiento de la úlcera péptica perforada / Treatment of performed peptic ulcer: results

INTRODUCCIÓN. En nuestro hospital la úlcera péptica perforada tiene una elevada morbilidad y mortalidad, mayor del 20 por ciento en los últimos 5 años, lo que nos motivó a realizar este trabajo. MÉTODOS. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y prospectivo de los pacientes tratados por úlcera péptica perforada en el Servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital Universitario Manuel Ascunce Domenech de Camagüey, durante los años 2006 y 2007. RESULTADOS. La úlcera péptica perforada predominó en los hombres entre 40 y 59 años de edad. El 41,2 por ciento tenían antecedentes de úlcera péptica, aunque solo la mitad recibía tratamiento médico. La mayoría de los pacientes fueron atendidos entre 13 y 24 h del inicio de su cuadro clínico, y hubo pocos casos de shock, deshidratación u otra enfermedad grave asociada. La úlcera duodenal perforada fue la más frecuente (67,6 por ciento) y la sutura y la epiploplastia fueron las técnicas quirúrgicas más usadas. La mortalidad fue del 5,9 por ciento, debida a falla múltiple de órganos y sepsis respiratoria grave. CONCLUSIONES. El índice de complicaciones y la mortalidad en nuestra serie fueron bajos, dada la adopción de medidas encaminadas a tratar adecuadamente el shock y las enfermedades graves asociadas, a disminuir el tiempo preoperatorio y a revisar las técnicas quirúrgicas empleadas, incluido el lavado peritoneal(AU)

INTRODUCTION: In our hospital, performed peptic ulcer has a high morbidity and mortality, greater than 20 percent during last 5 years, motivating us to perform this paper. METHODS: Authors made a prospective and descriptive study of patients treated by performed peptic ulcer in General Surgery Service of Manuel Ascunce Domenech University Hospital of Camaguey province during 2006 and 2007. RESULTS: Perforated peptic ulcer had a predominance in men aged between 40 and 59. The 41, 2 percent of them had backgrounds of peptic ulcer although only half received medical treatment. Most of patients were seen between 13 and 24 hours of clinical picture start, and there were few shock cases, dehydration or another associated severe disease. Perforated peptic ulcer was the more frequent (67, 6 percent) suture and epiploplasty, were the more used surgical techniques. Mortality was of 5,9 percent due to multiple organ failure and severe respiratory sepsis. CONCLUSIONS: Index of complications and mortality in our series were low, according to application of measures aimed to treat properly shock and the associated severe diseases, to decrease preoperative time, and to review surgical techniques used, including peritoneal lavage(AU)

Effects of peritoneal lavage with lidocaine on survival of rats with fecal peritonitis

PURPOSE: To study the effects of peritoneal lavage with a 2 percent lidocaine solution, on the survival of the rats submitted to peritonitis caused by their own feces. METHODS: Forty-eight Wistar rats, weighting between 300g and 330g (mean, 311,45 ±9,67g), were submitted to laparotomy 6 hours following induction of fecal peritonitis. Animals were randomly divided into four groups of 12 each as follows: 1- Control, no therapy; 2- Drying of the abdominal cavity; 3- Peritoneal lavage with saline and drying; 4- Peritoneal lavage with a 2 percent lidocaine solution and drying. Animals that died were submitted to necropsy and the time of their death recorded; survivors were killed on the post-operation 11th day and necropsied. RESULTS: Death occurred within 52 h in all animals of group 1; within 126 h in 100 percent of those of group 2; within 50 h in 50 percent of those of group 3. All animals of group 4 survived. Survival on the 11 th day was higher in groups 3 and 4 than in groups 1 and 2 (p<0.001), and higher in group 4 than in group 3 (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Peritoneal lavage with a 2 percent lidocaine saline solution without adrenaline, prevented the mortality of all animals with fecal peritonitis .

OBJETIVO: Estudar o efeito da lavagem peritoneal com solução de lidocaína a 2 por cento na sobrevida de ratos com peritonite fecal por fezes autógenas. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 48 ratos Wistar, pesando entre 300g e 330g (M.A 311,45 ±9,67) submetidos à laparotomia 6 horas após a indução de peritonite, distribuídos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos: 1- (n=12) Controle, nenhum tratamento; 2- (n=12) Enxugamento da cavidade abdominal; 3- (n=12) Lavagem da cavidade abdominal com 3 ml de solução salina 0,9 por cento e enxugamento ; 4- (n=12) Lavagem da cavidade abdominal com 30 mg/Kg( ± 0,5 mL) de lidocaína 2 por cento ,sem adrenalina, e 2,5ml de solução salina 0,9 por cento e enxugamento. Os animais que faleceram foram necropsiados e o horário do óbito anotado. Os sobreviventes foram mortos no 11º dia de pós-operatório e realizou-se a necropsia. RESULTADOS: Houve 100 por cento de mortalidade nos animais do grupo 1, em 52 horas; 100 por cento nos animais do grupo 2, em 126 horas e 50 por cento nos animais do grupo 3 em 50 horas. Os animais do grupo 4 sobreviveram. A sobrevida, no 11º dia de pós-operatório, foi maior nos grupos 3 e 4 em relação aos grupos 1 e 2 ( p< 0,001) e maior nos grupos 4 que no grupo 3(p<0,01). CONCLUSÃO: A lavagem peritoneal com lidocaína a 2 por cento sem adrenalina e diluida em 2,5 ml de solução salina, foi eficaz para evitar o óbito, por 11 dias(eutanásia) em 100 por cento dos animais com peritonite fecal.

Histopathologic evaluation of the peritoneum exposed to heat shock: experimental study in rats

PURPOSE: To evaluate histopathologic alterations of the peritoneum exposed to heat shock. METHODS: Sixty rats were randomly distributed into 6 groups: Heat Shock (HS), High Temperature (HT), Body Temperature (BT), Temperature 0oC (TZ), Sham (SH) and Control (CG) with 10 animals each. The peritoneal cavity of animals from groups HS, HT, BT and TZ was irrigated with NaCl solution 0.9 percent at temperatures 50°C, 0°C, 50°C, 37°C and 0°C, respectively. For animals from group SH, the procedures were simulated and those from group CG, laparotomy and biopsies were conducted. Twenty-four hours later, biopsies of the peritoneum for exams under light and electronic microscopy were performed. RESULTS: Edema was found in groups HS 80 percent, HT 60 percent, BT 30 percent TZ 70 percent, SH 40 percent and CG 30 percent. Vascular congestion was found in groups HS 20 percent, HT 30 percent, BT 10 percent and TZ 20 percent. Erythrocyte extravasation was found in groups HT 60 percent and SH 10 percent. Mesothelium destruction was found in 100 percent of specimens from groups HS, HT, BT, TZ, SH and CG 90 percent. Necrosis was found in groups HS 30 percent, HT 20 percent and BT 10 percent. The mean peritoneal thickness ranged from 42.26 μm (TZ) to 26.42 μm (CG). CONCLUSION: The heat shock caused no deaths, but promoted significant peritoneal edema without affecting the other histopathologic indicatives.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar alterações histopatológicas do peritônio exposto a choque térmico. MÉTODOS: Sessenta ratos foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em seis grupos: Choque Térmico (CT), Temperatura Elevada (TE), Temperatura 0°C (TZ) Sham (SH) e Controle (GC) com 10 animais. A cavidade peritoneal dos animais dos grupos CT, TE, TC e TZ foi irrigada com solução de NaCl 0,9 por cento nas temperaturas, 50°C e 0°C, 50°C, 37°C e 0°C, respectivamente. Nos animais do grupo SH foram simulados os procedimentos e nos do GC laparotomia e biópsias. Depois de 24 horas foram realizadas biópsias do peritônio para exames sob microscopia de luz e eletrônica. RESULTADOS: Edema foi encontrado nos grupos CT 80 por cento, TE 60 por cento, TC 30 por cento, TZ 70 por cento, SH 40 por cento e GC 30 por cento. Congestão vascular foi encontrada nos grupos CT 20 por cento, TE 30 por cento, TC 10 por cento e TZ 20 por cento. Extravasamento de hemácias foi encontrado nos grupos TE 60 por cento e SH 10 por cento. Destruição de mesotélio foi encontrada em 100 por cento dos espécimes dos grupos CT, TE, TC, TZ, SH e no grupo GC 90 por cento. Necrose foi encontrada nos grupos CT 30 por cento, TE 20 por cento e TC 10 por cento. A espessura média do peritônio variou de 42,26 μm (TZ) a 26,42 μm (GC). CONCLUSÃO: O choque térmico não causou óbitos, mas promoveu edema peritoneal significante sem alterar os demais indicadores histopatológicos.

Epidemeología de la apendicitis aguda en el área pediátrica en el Hospital Dr. Patrocinio Peñuela Ruíz IVSS: durante el periodo enero 2001-enero 2006 / Epidemeology of the acute appendicitis in the pediatric area in the Hospital Dr. Patrocinio Peñuela Ruíz: period january 2001-january 2006

En este trabajo se presenta una revisión de cinco años (2001-2006) de pacientes pediátricos con diagnóstico de apendicitis aguda ingresados al servicio de pediatría del Hospital Dr. Patrocinio Peñuela Ruíz para determinar datos epidemiológicos para tal fin se diseño un estudio respectivo y descriptivo, el cual reporto un total de 143 pacientes el grupo etario mas afectado estuvo entre los 10-11 años con 50 de los casos revisados que representa 34.96 por ciento.

Experiencias con el lavado peritoneal programado en las peritonitis difusas / Experiences with the scheduled peritoneal lavage in diffuse peritonitis

La peritonitis generalizada es un problema complejo caracterizado por una alta mortalidad. Han existido diferentes métodos para su tratamiento, entre los cuales el lavado quirúrgico programado es una opción a tener en cuenta. Nos propusimos mostrar nuestras experiencias en una serie de pacientes tratados con este método. Realizamos un estudio prospectivo de 41 pacientes operados por peritonitis generalizada, de diferentes causas, a los que se realizó un lavado peritoneal programado cada 24 a 48 horas. Se analizaron las variables: causa, edad, complicaciones y relación de estas con las muertes. La causa más frecuente de peritonitis en nuestra serie fue la dehiscencia de la sutura intestinal, que junto con la edad avanzada, la ausencia de solución del foco infeccioso y el número elevado de lavados (más de 3) fue un factor que incidió en la mortalidad de nuestros pacientes (29 por ciento). El lavado peritoneal es un método efectivo en el tratamiento de la peritonitis difusa. Evita las complicaciones del abdomen abierto o el peligro de complicación tardía de un lavado a demanda, aunque no niega ni se contrapone a otros métodos(AU)

The widespread peritonitis is a complex problem characterized by a high mortality. Different methods have existed for their treatment, among which the programmed surgical laundry is an option to keep in mind. We intended to show our experiences in a series of patients treaties with this method. We carry out a prospective study of 41 patients operated by widespread peritonitis, of different causes, to those that he/she was carried out a programmed peritoneal laundry each 24 at 48 hours. The variables were analyzed: it causes, age, complications and relationship of these with the deaths. The most frequent cause in peritonitis in our series was the dehiscencia of the intestinal suture that together with the advanced age, the absence of solution of the infectious focus and the high number of laundries (more than 3) a factor that impacted in the mortality of our patients was (29 percent). The peritoneal laundry is an effective method in the treatment of the diffuse peritonitis. It avoids the complications of the open abdomen or the danger of late complication from a laundry to demand, although he/she doesn't deny neither it is opposed to other methods(AU)

Spontaneous perforation--a rare complication of choledochal cyst.

We report a 2-year-old girl with spontaneous perforation of choledochal cyst. Preoperative diagnosis was possible by hepatobiliary scintigraphy. In view of emergency presentation and bile peritonitis, management was a staged procedure with peritoneal lavage and T-tube drainage of the biliary system, followed by excision of the cyst and Roux-en-Y hepatico-jejunostomy 3 months later.

Evaluation of blunt abdominal trauma with a protocol using both diagnostic peritoneal lavage and computed tomography

The purpose of this study is to try to evaluate blunt abdominal trauma patients for presence of intra-abdominal injury rapidly and effectively .A protocol is tested combining and selecting the use of physical examination, diagnostic peritoneal lavage [DPL] and abdominal computed tomography [C.T] with the aim to avoid missing injuries or to do non therapeutic laparotomies and also aiming to reduce health cost. Preprotocol period [20 months] include 651 cases that were triaged according to haemodynamic stability and result of abdominal examination, into 3 groups. Group I [stable patients with suspicious or unreliable abdominal examination] include 150 patients that were evaluated by abdominal CT. Group II [unstable patients] include 52 patients that were evaluated by DPL alone. Group III [stable patients with reliable and normal or mildly symptomatic abdomen] include 449 patients that were evaluated by physical examination alone. The protocol period [16 months] include 512 patients that were triaged, as in the pre-protocol period, into group l[153 patients], group ll[26 patients] and group III [333 patients]. Evaluation in groups II and III were the same as in the pre protocol period while in group I cases were evaluated by DPL followed in positive cases by abdominal C.T to decide upon conservative treatment. The results in groups II and III were comparable in both pre-protocol and protocol groups. However in group I in the protocol period there is drop in the use of emergency C.T from 23% to 8%, drop in missed injuries from 6% to zero% and no non therapeutic laparotomies were done in either the protocol or pre-protocol period. This protocol is recommended to be used in the evaluation of blunt abdominal trauma patients

Peritoneal wash along with prophylactic amoxicillin-clavulanic acid [augmentin] versus gentamicin with metronidazole

20 patients with about 100 mls or less contaminated peritoneal fluid were washed with 4 liters of normal saline and 3 doses of 1.2 Grams IV Augmentin in 24 hours post operatively. Only one patient's wound became septic [5%] and another two patients had pyrexia [10%] with no definite infective focus, as compared to 25% abdominal sepsis and 35% significant post operative pyrexia in 20 cases treated with Metronidazole and Gentamicin as prophylactic antibiotics for 7 days without peritoneal wash

Peritoneal lavage in acute peritonitis

This study was carried out on 60 patients presented by generalized peritonitis. After doing exploratory laparotomy and removal of the discharge by suction and dealing with the cause of peritonitis, the peritoneal cavity was cleaned using wet towels in 20 patients [dry toilet] and peritoneal lavage was done with normal saline for 20 patients and with 1% povidone iodine [PI] in 20 patients. Follow up was done for all the patients during their hospital stay with special reference to the number of daily dressings of the wound according to the amount of discharge, condition of wound healing and its complications, residual intra-abdominal abscesses and mortality in each group. We found better results in the group of saline lavage in the form of better healing of the wound, no residual abscesses and shorter hospital stay. So we recommend the use of normal saline in peritoneal lavage for acute peritonitis

Abdomen abierto en sepsis intraabodminal: malla de nylon con cierre / Open abdomen in intraabdominal sepsis: nylon mesh with zipper

La sepsis intraabdominal presenta una mortalidad entre 30% y 80% con el manejo tradicional de laparotomia y drenaje del foco septico. En la literatura se han descrito varios metodos para prevenir la reacumulacion de la sepsis. Se muestra la experiencia en el Hospital Universitario del Valle, Cali, Colombia. Se manejaron en un periodo de 18 meses, 65 pacientes con sepsis abdominal con el abdomen abierto y malla de plastico inicialmetne y luego con malla de mylon con cierre de cremallera. Se describe la tecnica para la colocacion de la malla y el manejo de los lavados abdominales cada 24 horas en la cama del paciente bajo sedacion. Los pacientes se les agrupo segun la clasificacion anatomica, se midio el APACHE II, el PATI y se correlaciono con la mortalidad. La principal indicacion para la colocacion de la malla fue la peritonitis generalizada difusa. Se ralizaron 4.74 lavados en promedio para los pacientes que sobrevivieron y el numero promedio de dias con la malla fue 11.3. La mortalidad para los pacientes con malla y lavados fue 31.5