Saliva and tongue coating pH before and after use of mouthwashes and relationship with parameters of halitosis

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this work was to evaluate saliva and tongue coating pH in oral healthy patients with morning bad breath before and after use of different oral mouthrinses. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Saliva and tongue coating pH of 50 patients allocated in 5 groups were measured respectively by a digital pHmeter and color pH indicators, before, immediately after and 30 min after rinsing 5 different mouthrinses: cetilpiridine chloride associated with sodium chloride, triclosan, enzymatic solution, essential oil and distilled water. RESULTS: Only triclosan and essential oil increased salivary pH immediately after rising. The enzymatic solution decreased salivary and tongue coating pH immediately after rinsing. CONCLUSIONS: Salivary pH tended to be acidic while tongue coating pH tended to be alkaline, even after rising. Triclosan and essential oil mouthrinses increased salivary pH immediately after rinsing. Enzymatic solution decreased saliva and tongue coating pH immediately after rising.

Effects of Frozen Gauze with Normal Saline and Ice on Thirst and Oral Condition of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Patients: Pilot Study

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of using gauze frozen with normal saline or ice on thirst-relief and oral condition of laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients. METHODS: A quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group, pretest-posttest design was used. Participants (n=53) received either gauze frozen with normal saline (n=17), ice (n=18) or wet gauze (n=18) for thirst-relief. The subjective thirst level and oral condition of the participants were assessed before the intervention, 15 min after the first intervention and 15 min after the second intervention. RESULTS: After oral care was provided twice, there were significant differences in thirst level among the groups. When oral care was provided twice, the oral condition of tongue, saliva, mucosal membrane, and gingiva was improved in patients receiving gauze frozen with normal saline or ice. CONCLUSION: Gauze frozen with normal saline and ice can be effective for oral care in reducing the thirst level and improving the condition of the oral cavity.

Pentoxifylline therapy: a new adjunct in the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis.

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to determine the effect of pentoxifylline (Trental) on the clinical and pathologic course of oral submucous fibrosis. This drug is a methylxanthine derivative that has vasodilating properties and was envisaged to increase mucosal vascularity. STUDY DESIGN: This investigation was conducted as a randomized clinical trial incorporating a control group (Standard drug group SDG, multivitamin, and local heat therapy) in comparison to pentoxifylline test cases (Experimental drug group EDG, 400mg 3 times daily, as coated, sustained release tablets). The stipulated treatment period was 7 months and a total of 29 cases of advanced fibrosis (14 test subjects and 15 age and sex matched diseased controls) were included in this study and 100% compliance was reported at the end ofthe test period. RESULTS: Mild gastric irritation that could be managed by diet protocols was the only untoward symptom reported during this trial. Review of the patients and controls was done at an interval of 30 days and subjective and objective measurements were recorded. The follow up data at each visit with respect to each other and to base-line values was calibrated using a nonparametric test of Mann-Whitney (Kruskal-Wallis test). Significant comparisons with regard to improvement were recorded as objective criteria of mouth opening (t=11.285, p= 0.000), tongue protrusion (t= 3.898, p = 0.002), and relief from perioral fibrotic bands (p = 0.0001554). Subjective symptoms of intolerance to spices (p = 0.0063218), burning sensation of mouth (p = 0.0005797), tinnitus (p=0.000042), difficulty in swallowing (p=0.0000714). and difficulty in speech (p=0.0000020) were also recorded significant improvement at the end of the trial period. CONCLUSION: This pilot investigation points to the effectiveness of pentoxifylline as an adjunct therapy in the routine management of oral submucous fibrosis.

Cyclophosphamide Effect on the Epithelial Covering of Rats Fetuse's Tongue: A Morphometric Study / Efectos de la Ciclofosfamida en el Epitelio de Revestimiento de la Lengua de Fetos de Rata: Un Estudio Morfométrico

The present study has the aim to describe morphologically, morphometrically and stereologically some changes in the tongue epithelium of rat fetuses under the effect of cyclosphosphamide. This drug was used in a single 6mg/kg according to the body weight in the tenth ­ pregnancy day while the control group received equal dosage of saline solution by the same duct and in the same day of pregnancy. The fetuses were plunged into fixed solution of Bouin for five days and the heads of then were divided and blocked in paraffin. Histological sections of six-micrometer thickness were performed and then colored with hematoxilin and eosin. It was used morphometrical and stereological analysis after the morphological study. The data were submitted under the statistical non-parametric test of Mann-Whitney. The results showed that the cyclosposphamide usage effect during the rat pregnancy caused a delayed in the embryo fetal growing, a reduction in the placental weight as wells as in the umbilicus cord length. The covering epithelia in the tongue of the treated group showed some changes since there was an epithelial hyperplasia associated with a cell hypotrophy. The fetuses in this group were more premature than the ones in the control.

El estudio tiene como objetivo describir morfológica, morfométrica y estereológicamente algunos cambios en el epitelio de la lengua de fetos de rata bajo los efectos de la ciclofosfamida. Esta droga fue usada en una muestra única de 6mg/kg de acuerdo al peso del cuerpo, en el décimo día de preñez, mientras el grupo control recibió igual dosis de una solución salina, por la misma vía, en los mismos días de preñez. Los fetos fueron sumergidos en solución fijadora de Bouin, por cinco días y las cabezas de ellos fueron cortadas y colocadas en bloques de parafina. Secciones histológicas de 6 µm fueron teñidas con hematoxilina-eosina. Después del estudio morfológico se realizaron análisis morfométricos y estereológicos. Se utilizó el test estadístico no paramétrico de Mann-Whitney. Los resultados mostraron que el uso de la ciclofosfamida provoca efectos durante la preñez de la rata, causando un retardo en el crecimiento de los embriones, una reducción en el peso de las placentas como también, en la longitud del funículo umbilical. El epitelio de revestimiento de la lengua del grupo tratado, mostró algunos cambios desde una hiperplasia epitelial asociada con una hipotrofia celular. Los fetos del grupo tratado fueron más prematuros que los del grupo control.

Paradoxical effects of elastase inhibitor guamerin on the tissue repair of two different wound models: sealed cut and exposed tongue wounds

Innate elastase inhibitors are known to be putatively involved in the regulation of tissue inflammation by inhibiting polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) derived proteinases. The aim of this study was to evaluate affects of leukocyte elastase suppression and PMN infiltration on wound healing in mouse by administering the recombinant elastase inhibitor guamerin (rEIG) in two different wound models; 1) impaired pin-punctured dorsal mucosa of anterior tongue wound, 60 mice, treated with saline containing rEIG that were fed ad libitum and 2) stable linear excisional cutaneous wound, 40 mice, covered with fibrin sealant containing rEIG. The progress of healing was analyzed by histological methods. The tongue wounds treated with rEIG became edematous around the pin-punctured tongue wound, and influx of inflammatory cells and PMN into the underlying stromal tissue were seen rapidly after wounding and peaked between 2-4 days. Whereas the control mice showed almost no wheal formation in the pin-punctured wound, a far lesser levels of PMN infiltration, and almost complete wound closure in 4 days. In the other model, the liner excisional cutaneous wound treated with fibrin sealant containing rEIG showed early wound constriction, lesser degree of inflammatory cells influx, and complete reepithelialization in 4-5 days, whereas the wound of control mice with the fibrin sealant alone showed contrary delayed reepithelialization, greater degree of inflammatory cell infiltration, and consequencial formation of greater granulation tissue at wound site. Taken together, these data suggest paradoxical effects of rEIG on the wound healing where in the wound exposed to infiltrating milieu of microorganisms in the oral cavity, the rEIG aggravates the wound healing by interfering with other innate defensive factors and extended greater flux of PMNs to inflamed wound site, while in the wound enclosed by fibrin, the rEIG accelerated wound healing by inhibiting the inflammation-generated proteases and the acute inflammatory reaction.

Estudio morfológico de la lengua de fetos de ratas intoxicadas con niquel durante la preñez / Morphologic study of the tongue of intoxicated rat fetuses with nickel during pregnacy

El cloruro de níquel (30 mg/kg de peso corporal), administrado intraperitonealmente, a ratas wistar, en el 10º día de la preñez, dio origen a fetos y placentas menores y a cordones umbilicales más cortos. Histológicamente, el epitelio lingual anterior fue más grueso, con células más grandes y en menor calidad. El epitelio central de la lengua era más delgado, con menos células pero de mayor tamaño. Los fetos del grupo tratado, mostraron aspectos que sugieren inmadurez fueron comparados con los animales del grupo control.

El problema de la seguridad en la aplicación de un colutorio de clorhexidina al 0,1 por ciento Oralgene / Safety problems in the aplications of 0,1 percent chlorhexidine mouthrinses, oralgene

Se realizó un estudio clínico de seguimiento de 55 pacientes alumnos de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Chile, con un promedio de edad de 22 años, los cuales realizaron 2 colutorios diarios con una solución de digluconato de clorhexidina al 0,1 por ciento como coadyuvante de su higiene bucal habitual durante un período de 8 semanas. Fueron observados y evaluados los efectos colaterales causados por la droga a través del examen clínico y su anamnesis. Al final del período experimental se analizó estadísticamente la posibilidad de tinción en piezas dentarias, lengua y obturaciones de resina compuesta y descriptivamente la sensación de quemadura, sequedad bucal, alteración del gusto y sabor amargo

Efectos histológios de la aplicación tópica al alcohol sobre mucosa palatina y lingual de ratón / Histological effects of topic alcohol administration on palate and lingual mouse mucosa

Los efectos tópicos del alcohol sobre la mucosa oral son poco conocidos a pesar del grave problema del alcoholismo a nivel mundial y del difundido uso de colutorios en solución alcohólica. Para probar la hipótesis de que la acción directa del alcohol produce mayor daño en epitelios orales menos queratinizados, se aplicó alcohol absoluto durante 60 seg. en mucosa palatina y cara ventral de la lengua a 20 ratones "Mus-musculus" CF-1. Diez de ellos se sacrificaron a los 5 min. y los otros 10 a los 60 min. de aplicado el etanol. Los grupos control recibieron suero fisiológico y fueron tratados en idénticas condiciones. Se obtuvieron muestras para microscopía óptica de ambas mucosas