Hallazgo por neuroimaginología de microangiopatía cerebral retiniana con calcificaciones y quistes / Neuroimaging findings in cerebroretinal microangiopathy with calcifications and cysts

La microangiopatía cerebral retiniana con calcificaciones y quistes es una enfermedad poco frecuente, caracterizada por alteraciones cerebrales, retinianas y óseas, así como por predisposición al sangrado gastrointestinal. Existen pocos reportes de casos de esta condición, especialmente en adultos, en quienes la incidencia es baja. Los hallazgos por medio de neuroimágenes son característicos, con calcificaciones bilaterales y múltiples formaciones quísticas. El propósito de este artículo fue hacer una revisión bibliográfica e ilustrar dos casos cuyo diagnóstico fue posible con la ayuda de neuroimágenes.

Cerebroretinal microangiopathy with calcifications and cysts is a rare condition characterized by brain, retinal and bone anomalies, as well as a predisposition to gastrointestinal bleeding. There are few reported cases of this condition in adults, among whom the incidence is low. Neuroimaging findings are characteristic, with bilateral calcifications, leukoencephalopathy and intracranial cysts. The purpose of this article was to do a literature survey and illustrate two cases diagnosed with the aid of neuroimaging.

Clinical applications and characteristics of apparent diffusion coefficient maps for the brain of two dogs

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping are functional magnetic resonance imaging techniques for detecting water diffusion. DWI and the ADC map were performed for intracranial lesions in two dogs. In necrotizing leukoencephalitis, cavitated lesions contained a hypointense center with a hyperintense periphery on DWI, and hyperintense signals on the ADC maps. In metastatic sarcoma, masses including a necrotic region were hypointense with DWI, and hyperintense on the ADC map with hyperintense perilesional edema on DWI and ADC map. Since DWI and ADC data reflect the altered water diffusion, they can provide additional information at the molecular level.

Functional impairments in white matter syndrome of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus are similar to those observed in patients with multiple sclerosis / Alterações funcionais na síndrome de acometimento da substância branca do lúpus neuropsiquiátrico são semelhantes àquelas encontradas em pacientes com esclerose múltipla

OBJECTIVE: In order to compare white matter syndrome of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) and multiple sclerosis (MS), an assessment on demographic, medical history, and clinical data was proposed. METHODS: Sixty-four patients with NPSLE and 178 with MS answered a questionnaire and were evaluated regarding functional system, expanded disability status scale (EDSS), Beck depression inventory (BDI), and Beck anxiety inventory (BAI). RESULTS: The prevalence of autoimmune diseases and altered consciousness was similar in both groups, however it was higher than in the general population. Systemic signs and symptoms occurred from 2.9 to 61.9% of the MS cases, while neurological signs and symptoms occurred in 9.4 to 76.4% of the NPSLE ones. The motor, visual, and mental systems were the most affected in both diseases. The BDI in NPSLE had higher scores and the BAI in MS. CONCLUSIONS: The functional impairments in NPSLE were similar to those of MS, although greater impairment of the functional systems of cerebellar, sensitivity, and sphincters occurred in MS cases, and greater symptoms of depression, anxiety, and headache also occurred in it.

OBJETIVO: Com a finalidade de comparar a síndrome de acometimento da substância branca do lúpus neuropsiquiátrico (LESNP) e a esclerose múltipla (EM), foi proposta uma avaliação demográfica, da história médica e do exame clínico. MÉTODOS: Sessenta e quatro pacientes com LESNP e 178 com EM responderam a um questionário para avaliar o sistema funcional, a expanded disability status scale (EDSS), o Beck depression inventory (BDI) e o Beck anxiety inventory (BAI). RESULTADOS: A prevalência de doenças autoimunes e consciência alterada foi semelhante em ambos os grupos, mas foi superior comparada àquela da população geral. Sinais e sintomas sistêmicos ocorreram em 2,9 a 61,9% dos casos de EM, enquanto sinais e sintomas neurológicos foram encontrados de 9,4 a 76,4% na LESNP. Os sistemas motor, visual e mental foram os mais afetados nas duas doenças. O BDI foi superior em LESNP e o BAI na EM. CONCLUSÕES: As alterações funcionais em pacientes com LESNP foram similares às encontradas na EM, embora tenha ocorrido maior incapacidade dos sistemas funcionais cerebelar, de sensibilidade e dos esfíncteres na EM, sintomas depressivos, de ansiedade e cefaleia, também foram superiores.