Dismorfia muscular, imagen corporal y conductas alimentarias en dos poblaciones masculinas / Muscle dysmorphia, body image and eating behaviors in two male populations

Background: Muscle dysmorphia or vigorexia is a disorder in which a person becomes obsessed with the idea that he or she is not muscular enough. Aim: To assess physical exercise, eating behaviors and the presence of muscle dysmorphia among weightlifters and medical students. Subjects and Methods: Cross sectional evaluation of 88 male weightlifters aged 27 ± 7 years and 84 male medical students aged 22 ± 1 year was made. Eating behaviors were evaluated using the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-40) and the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI). The perception of body image was assessed using the Graduate Hannover Scale (GHS). Results: Prevalence of muscle dysmorphia among weightlifters was 13.6 percent. Both groups did not differ in body dissatisfaction. Interest in appearance among weightlifters was significantly higher than in students and ranged significantly higher in EAT-40 and EDI (p < 0.001). Other sports were practiced with the same frequency by weightlifters and students. Weightlifters expended more time than students exercising to improve their appearance (p < 0.005). Forty two percent of weightlifters with muscle dysmorphia displayed abuse of anabolics and 67 percent used other substances to improve their performance (p < 0.005). Conclusions: The presence of muscle dysmorphia among weightlifters was confirmed. They were dissatisfied with their body image and more concerned with their physical appearance than those without muscle dysmorphia and/or students. Their anabolic abuse rate was high. Our findings were similar to those reported in the international literature.

Determinação de perfil de repetições máximas no exercício de extensão de pernas e supino reto com diferentes percentuais de força / Determination of the profile of maximum repetitions in the leg extension exercise and straight supino with different percentages of strength

Os objetives desse estudo foram verificar se tabelas de força padrões são praticáveis, se há diferença entre o número de repetições máximas (RM) intra-exercício e entre grupamentos musculares, para a mesma intensidade. A amostra compõe-se de 20 indivíduos do sexo masculino, entre 17 e 30 anos. Foram aplicados testes de carga, máxima e RM, para o grupo muscular peitoral e quadríceps. A análise estatística foi realizada ao nível de significância de até P=0,05. Os resultados do exercício supino reto (SR) comparados a cadeira extensora (CE), apresentou diferença estatística para a intensidade 80% (P<0,05). Os resultados da CE foram superiores aos do SR, exceto para intensidade de 50%. A análise intra-exercício apresentou diferença estatística (P<0,05) no supino reto em diferentes percentuais de força. Para a CE não houve diferença estatística para as intensidades 60-70 % e 70-80 %. As tabelas analisadas se mostraram sem padronização de valores, com enormes variações de valores entre as diversas tabelas e no número de repetições entre membro superior e inferior. Concluise que diferentes faixas de força proporcionam diferenças no número de RM, entre indivíduos e entre grupamento muscular. As limitações destas tabelas padrões evidenciam a importância de programas de treinamento de força de forma individualizada.

The objectives of this study was to verify if the standard force tables are practicable, if there is difference between the number of maximum repetitions (RM) intra-exercise and between muscular groups, for the same intensity. The sample is composed by 20 individuals of the masculine sex, between 17 and 30 years. Load tests, maximum and RM were applied, for the pectoral muscular group and quadriceps. The statistics analysis was carried through to the level of significance P=0,05. The straight supine year-end results (MR.) compared the extensive chair (CE), presented statistic difference for intensity 80% (P<0,05). The results of the CE were superior to the ones of MR., except for 50% intensity. The intra-exercise analysis presented statistic difference (P<0,05) in the straight supine in different percentages of strength. For the CE there was not statistic difference for the intensities 60-70% and 70-80%. The analyzed tables were shown without standardization of values, with enormous variations of values between diverse tables and the number of repetitions between upper/lower member. One concludes that different bands of strength pr vide differences in the RM number, between individuals andmuscular grouping. The limitations of these standard tables evidence the importance of individualized strength programs.