Subsets of T lymphocytes in the lesional skin of pityriasis rosea

Abstract: Background: Pityriasis rosea is a common papulosquamous disorder. However, its etiology and pathogenesis remain unclear. Objective: We investigate the types of inflammatory cells infiltrating the lesional skin of pityriasis rosea and demonstrate whether T-cell-mediated immunity is involved in the pathogenesis of this condition or not. Methods: The biopsies were taken from the lesional skin of 35 cases of patients diagnosed with pityriasis rosea. The specimens were prepared in paraffin sections, then submitted to routine immunohistochemistry procedures using monoclonal antibodies directed against CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20 and CD45RO and horseradish peroxidase-labeled goat anti-human antibodies. The positive sections were determined by the ratio and staining intensity of positive inflammatory cells. Results: The mean score of positive CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD45RO staining was respectively 3.74±3.88, 5.67±4.40, 2.94±3.42 and 7.68±4.33 in these pityriasis rosea patients (P<0.001). The percentage of positive staining was 54.29% (19/35), 69.7% (23/33), 40% (14/35) and 79.41% (27/34) (P<0.05). However, the staining of CD20 was negative in all samples. The mean score of CD3 staining in patients with time for remission ≤60 days (4.90±4.21) was higher than that in patients with time for remission >60 days (2.00±2.5) (P<0.05), whereas no statistical difference in the mean score of CD4, CD8 and CD45RO staining was observed. study liMitations: The sample size and the selected monoclonal antibody are limited, so the results reflect only part of the cellular immunity in the pathogenesis of pityriasis rosea. Conclusion: Our findings support a predominantly T-cell mediated immunity in the development of pityriasis rosea.

Hyperpigmentation as a peculiar presentation of mycosis fungoides

Abstract Hyperpigmented mycosis fungoides is an extremely rare subtype of mycosis fungoides. It presents as multiple pigmented macules and patches without poikilodermatous changes and characterized by a CD8+ phenotype on immunohistochemistry. This report describes a typical case of hyperpigmented mycosis fungoides in a 62-year-old woman, who presented with a 7-year history of multiple hyperpigmented macules and patches on the trunk and right leg with progression over this half a year. Histology and immunohistochemical staining of skin samples confirmed the diagnosis of mycosis fungoides. She received psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy. After an 8-week treatment, the erythematous changes cleared without recurrence during a 6-month follow-up period. An intractable hyperpigmented patch should raise the clinical suspicion of mycosis fungoides with sequential skin biopsy.

Analysis of CD57+ natural killer cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes in periapical granulomas and radicular cysts

Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the number of CD57+ natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes between periapical granulomas (PGs) and radicular cysts (RCs). Twenty-fives cases of PGs and 25 of RCs were submitted to histological analysis and immunohistochemistry using anti-CD57 and anti-CD8 biomarkers. Positive cells were counted in 10 fields (400× magnification) and the median value was calculated for each case. Statistical tests were used to evaluate differences in the number of CD57+ NK cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes according to type of lesion, intensity of the infiltrate and thickness of the lining epithelium. The number of CD57+ NK cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes was higher in PGs than in RCs (p = 0.129 and p = 0.541, respectively). Comparison of the number of CD57+ NK cells in atrophic and hyperplastic epithelium revealed a larger number of cells in the atrophic epithelium (p = 0.042). A larger number of CD57+ NK cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes were observed in grade III infiltrates compared to grade I/II (p = 0.145 and p = 0.725, respectively). CD8+ T lymphocytes were more prevalent than CD57+ NK cells in most cases when PGs and RCs were analyzed separately or in combination (p < 0.0001). CD57+ NK cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes play a key role in antiviral defense and the presence of these cells supports evidence suggesting the participation of these microorganisms in the pathogenesis of PGs and RCs. The response mediated by CD8+ T lymphocytes was more frequent, indicating greater participation of the adaptive immunity in these chronic lesions.

Analysis of Interleukin 17A in periapical abscess and granuloma lesions

Abstract Interleukin 17A (IL-17A) is a proinflammatory cytokine responsible for the initiation and propagation of inflammation. One of its actions is the recruitment of neutrophils to the site of infection. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is association between IL-17A expression and neutrophil infiltration in periapical abscesses and periapical granulomas, as well as to find which type of T lymphocyte effector (CD4+ or CD8+) expresses IL-17A in these lesions. Elastase, CD4, CD8, and IL-17A were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, in the biopsies of periapical lesions. Abscess lesions exhibited the highest labeling area for IL-17A (p = 0.011). During double immunofluorescence staining, there were significantly more CD4+/IL-17A+ cells compared to CD8+/IL-17A+ cells, both in the abscesses (p = 0.025) and granulomas (p = 0.011). In conclusion, IL-17A was intensively expressed in periapical abscesses rich in neutrophils. The high percentage of IL-17A in these cases suggests the participation of this cytokine particularly in the acute stages of the inflammatory process of the periapical lesions.

Apoptosis of T Lymphocytes Isolated from Peripheral Blood of Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

PURPOSE: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways and progressive destruction of lung parenchyma. Apoptosis is critical for the maintenance of normal tissue homeostasis and is in equilibrium with proliferation and differentiation. This study was undertaken to investigate relationship between apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes during exacerbation of COPD and inflammatory response that characterizes this condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventeen patients with COPD exacerbation, 21 stable COPD, and 12 control subjects were included. T lymphocytes were isolated from peripheral blood using MACS. Apoptosis of T lymphocytes was assessed with FACS using annexin V and 7-aminoactinomycin. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were determined by an immunoassay technique. RESULTS: There was significantly increased percentage of apoptotic lymphocytes, CD 4+, and CD 8+ T cells in the peripheral blood of patients with exacerbation of COPD compared with stable COPD. Serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha were significantly increased in patients with exacerbation of COPD compared with stable COPD. Only TNF-alpha presented a positive correlation with apoptotic lymphocytes in patients with exacerbation of COPD. CONCLUSION: Increased apoptotic lymphocytes may be associated with upregulation of TNF-alpha in the peripheral blood of patients with acute exacerbation of COPD.

Carcinoma with Predominant Lymphoid Stroma in Hepatobiliary System: Report of 2 Cases / 대한간학회지

Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) is an undifferentiated carcinoma with predominant lymphocytic infiltration, which is associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in variable proportions. We report two cases of carcinoma with predominant lymphoid stroma in hepatobiliary system. The first case was a lymphoepithelioma-like undifferentiated carcinoma with focal differentiation of cholangiocarcinoma (cytokeratin 19+) and hepatocellular carcinoma in light microscopy. The infiltration of CD8+ T lymphocytes was observed in the tumor and the surrounding hepatic parenchyme. In this tumor, EBV was detected and LMP1 was positive immunohistochemically. The second case showed the mixed features of lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma with predominant lymphoid stroma. In this case, EBV was detected. LELC of hepatobiliary system is an entity distinguished from conventional carcinoma with lymphoid stroma, and its association with EBV warrants further research.

Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T cell lymphoma in a HIV positive patient.

Immunocompromised patients are at increased risk for developing certain malignant tumors, particularly aggressive B cell lymphomas and extranodal lymphomas like primary central nervous system lymphoma and primary effusion lymphoma. T cell lymphomas are uncommon in these patients. We report a rare case of subcutaneous panniculitis-like T cell lymphoma in a HIV positive patient who presented with multiple subcutaneous nodules.

HIV disease presenting as parotid lymphoepithelial cysts: a presumptive diagnosis of diffuse infiltrative lymphocytic syndrome (DILS).

Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytic syndrome (DILS), is a rare manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease which is characterized by a diffuse visceral CD8 lymphocytic infiltration, a persistent CD8 lymphocytosis, bilateral parotid swelling and cervical lymphadenopathy. We describe a case of a HIV positive female, who had bilateral parotid swelling and CD8 lymphocytosis, to illustrate this rare clinical entity.

Inmunopatología de la infección por el VIH / Immunopathology of the AIDS

Hemos resumido algunos de los mecanismos inmunológicos que ocurren durante la infección por VIH. Sin embargo, el establecimiento y la progresión de la enfermedad inducida por el VIH es el producto de una serie de eventos inmunopatogénicos complejos, donde debemos considerar diversos mecanismos genéticos, inmunológicos y virológicos que actúan en conjunto para determinar el curso de la enfermedad inducida por el VIH