Supervivencia de pacientes con linfoma no-Hodgkin y síntomas neurológicos según inmunofenotipo del líquido cefalorraquídeo / Survival in non-Hodgkin´s lymphoma patients with neurological symptoms according to the cerebrospinal fluid immunophenotype

Introducción: Los linfomas no-Hodgkin pueden infiltrar el sistema nervioso central y producir síntomas neurológicos, lo cual incrementa la mortalidad. El diagnóstico de esta infiltración se puede realizar mediante el estudio del líquido cefalorraquídeo por la técnica de citometría de flujo, con una mayor sensibilidad que la citología convencional. Objetivo: Estimar la supervivencia global de pacientes con Linfoma no-Hodgkin y síntomas neurológicos según el inmunofenotipo celular del líquido cefalorraquídeo. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico y prospectivo en 15 pacientes con diagnóstico confirmado de linfoma no-Hodgkin y síntomas neurológicos, con citología negativa del líquido cefalorraquídeo, tratados en el servicio de oncología del Instituto Nacional de Oncología y Radiobiología, durante los años 2017 y 2018. El inmunofenotipo fue caracterizado mediante citometría de flujo multiparamétrica. Resultados: El 60,0 por ciento de los pacientes fue del sexo femenino y el 53,4 por ciento mayor de 60 años. Hubo una mortalidad del 26,7 por ciento. Se realizaron 17 inmunofenotipos, el 58,9 por ciento fue normal, el 23,4 por ciento reactivo y el 17,7 por ciento sospechoso de malignidad. La supervivencia global fue mayor en pacientes con líquido cefalorraquídeo con inmunofenotipo normal (HR. 0.04). Conclusiones: La citometría de flujo pudo discriminar células sospechosas de malignidad, en pacientes cuyas citologías fueron negativas. La presencia en el líquido cefalorraquídeo de células atípicas, de pleocitosis y de un índice de linfocito-monocito alto se asoció con una supervivencia global menor(AU)

Introduction: When non-Hodgkin lymphomas infiltrate the central nervous system increases mortality. The diagnosis of this infiltration can be made by the study of cerebrospinal fluid using flow cytometry, with a higher sensitivity than conventional cytology. Objective: To estimate the relationship between the cellular immunophenotype of the cerebrospinal fluid and the overall survival of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and neurological symptoms. Methods: An analytical and prospective study was conducted in 15 patients with confirmed diagnosis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and neurological symptoms, with negative cytology of the cerebrospinal fluid. Patients cared at Oncology Department of the National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology, during the years 2017-2018. The immunophenotype was characterized by multiparametric flow cytometry. Results: 60.0 percent of the patients was female and 53.4 percent older than 60 years. There was an overall mortality of 26.7 percent 17 immunophenotypes were found, 58.9 percent of them was normal, 23.4 percent reactive and 17.7 percent suspected of malignancy. Overall survival advantage was obtained in patients with cerebrospinal fluid with normal immunophenotype (HR 0.04). Conclusions: Flow cytometry could discriminate cells suspected of malignancy, in patients whose cytologies were negative. The presence in the cerebrospinal fluid of atypical cells, pleocytosis and a high lymphocyte-monocyte index were associated with a lower overall survival(AU)

Bilateral peripheral facial palsy secondary to lymphoma in a patient with HIV/AIDS: a case report and literature review

Neurological complications represent one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with HIV/AIDS. However, peripheral neuropathy comprises only 5 to 20 of the total neurological complications and facial nerve palsy, especially when it is bilateral, is a less common manifestation. Peripheral facial palsy has been considered as a possible neurological complication of the early stage of HIV infection but the number of reported cases in the literature is limited. Histological findings of nervous tissue in peripheral facial palsy at an early stage of HIV infection include a degenerative and not suppurative inflammatory process, but its etiology remains obscure. Peripheral facial palsy in the late stage of HIV infection is characterized by an advanced immunological deficit and generally it is secondary to an opportunistic infection of the CNS, such as neurotoxoplasmosis and lymphoma. However, this peripheral attack of the facial nerve is not very common at this late stage of HIV infection. Bilateral peripheral facial palsy as a complication of non-Hodgkin s lymphoma is considered an extremely rare entity. There are no published reports of bilateral peripheral facial palsy secondary to lymphomas or other neoplasms of the CNS in immunosuppressed patients. Non-Hodgkin s lymphoma (NHL) has been considered a late and relatively common manifestation of HIV infection, but an exact cause for the higher incidence of this malignant neoplasm in HIV/AIDS patients is still uncertain.

Avaliaçäo neurológica de pacientes adultos com linfoma näo-hodgkin: estudo prospectivo / Neurologic evaluation of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in adult patients: a prospective study

Estudo prospectivo incluindo 67 pacientes adultos com linfoma nao-Hodgkin, considerados segundo o "Working Formulation". A populaçao foi estudada como um todo, quer apresentasse ou nao anticorpos anti-HIV no soro. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a avaliaçao neurológica e o exame do líquido cefalorraqueano (LCR) foi realizado em 63 deles. Os achados neurológicos e do exame do LCR foram correlacionados. Mostraram-se significativas as associaçoes: dor tóraco-lombar localizada e alteraçoes do LCR (presença de células neoplásicas, aumento da concentraçao proteica e/ou aumento do teor de globulinas gama); anormalidade da força muscular nos membros inferiores e alteraçoes do LCR nos pacientes HIV soro-negativos. Houve correlaçao entre o aparecimento de sinais de comprometimento dos nervos cranianos III, IV e VI e a detecçao de células neoplásicas no LCR.

Linfoma näo-Hodgkin em adultos: perfil proteico do LCR e do soro de 25 doentes / Non-Hodgkin lymphoma in adult: protein profile of CSF and serum in 25 patients

Vinte e cinco pacientes com linfoma nao-Hodgkin estudados para detecçao de sinais e sintomas de comprometimento neurológico foram investigados quanto ao perfil proteico do líquido cefalorraqueano (LCR). Amostras de LCR e de soro sanguíneo colhidas no mesmo período foram estudadas comparativamente para analisar a barreira hemato-encefálica e a produçao intratecal de IgG. Em 48 por cento dos doentes foram registradas queixas e/ou sinais ao exame neurológico. A análise demonstrou: aumento das proteínas totais no LCR em 52 por cento; imunoliberaçao local em um paciente HIV soropositivo; aumento de globulinas gama no LCR de dois pacientes na ausência de células neoplásicas no LCR e melhora clínica pós-quimioterapia; e registro de banda oligoclonal apenas no LCR em um doente HTLV-I soropositivo. Esses dados mostram que o estudo do perfil proteico no LCR contribui para a caracterizaçao das manifestaçoes do linfoma nao-Hodgkin no sistema nervoso.