Is it necessary to reduce the radioiodine dose in patients with thyroid cancer and renal failure? / É necessário reduzir as atividades de radioiodo nas terapias de pacientes com câncer de tireoide e disfunção renal?

The objective of this study were to obtain dosimetric data from a patient with thyroid cancer simultaneously undergoing peritoneal dialysis therapy, so as to determine the appropriate amount of 131I activity to be applied therapeutically. Percentages of radioiodine in the blood and the whole-body were evaluated, and radiation absorbed doses were calculated according to OLINDA/EXM software. Whole-body 131I effective half-time was 45.5 hours, being four times longer than for patients without any renal dysfunction. Bone-marrow absorbed dose was 0.074 mGy/MBq, with ablative procedure maintenance at 3.7 GBq, as the reported absorbed dose was insufficiently restrictive to change the usual amount of radioiodine activity administered for ablation. It was concluded that radioiodine therapeutic-dose adjustment, based on individual patient dosimetry, is an important way of controlling therapy. It also permits the safe and potential delivery of higher doses of radiation to tumors and undesirable tissues, with a minimum of malignant effects on healthy tissues.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar a atividade de radioiodo a ser administrada na terapia de um paciente portador de câncer de tireoide e simultaneamente tratado com diálise peritoneal. Percentuais de radioiodo em sangue e corpo-total foram avaliados após a administração de uma atividade traçadora e a dosimetria foi calculada utilizando o software OLINDA/EXM. A meia-vida efetiva do radioiodo em corpo-total foi de 45,5 horas, sendo quatro vezes maior que aquela observada em pacientes sem disfunção renal. A dose em medula óssea foi de 0,074 mGy/MBq, administrando-se uma atividade terapêutica de 3,7 GBq, uma vez que a estimativa de dose não foi suficientemente restritiva para mudar a atividade usual de radioiodo com função ablativa. Concluiu-se que a terapia individualizada de pacientes permite manter o equilíbrio entre o máximo de dose de radiação liberada em tumores ou tecidos indesejados com o mínimo de efeitos maléficos sobre tecidos sadios

[Effect of low electromagnetic fields on fetal death and bone marrow megakaryocytes in NMRI mouse neonates]

Low electromagnetic fields [LEMF] are produced by instruments which are works with electricity. This study was done to determine the effect of LEMF on fetal death and bone marrow megakaryocytes in NMRI mouse neonates. In this experimental study 64 females' mice with 6-8 old weeks were used. 2 female mice coupled with one male, and positive vaginal plaque was interpreted as the zero day of pregnancy [GD=0], The pregnant mice were randomly categorized into control and experimental groups. The experimental group were exposed to 50HZ, 0.5 mT Low electromagnetic fields on 7-11 days of pregnant period [8h/d]. The weight of neonate and death fetus were studied after delivery. The live neonates were dissected on 15[th] day, and 1 ml of bone marrow was extracted from Tibia and vertebral column, by pressing method. The bone marrow cells suspended in 1:1 IMDM in 15cc [FULCON] tubule and cells was counted with neobar lam. The data were tested by t-student test; significance was set up at p<0.05. There was significant differences between the mean weight of one day neonate in cases with controls [P<0.05]. The mean of dead fetus in experimental group was higher than controls [P<0.05]. The mean of megakaryocytes numbers higher than controls, but this differences was not significant. This study showed that the number of megakaryocytes and fetal death were increased by low electromagnetic fields exposure during pregnancy

Gonad, bone marrow and effective dose to the population of more than 90 towns and cities of Iran, arising from environmental gamma radiation

Since 1996 the assessment of environmental gamma radiation dose in residential areas of Iranian towns and cities has been accomplished for 10 counties. As a practical method and based on the results of a pilot study, in order to attribute the final results to the whole residential area of a town five stations were selected for every town. The location of individual station was studied closely to comply with recommended conditions in the literature. RDS-110 was employed to measure gamma dose rate for one hour. Average annual dose rates plus conversion coefficients were employed to estimate gonad, bone marrow, equivalent and effective dose. Minimum and maximum annual bone marrow and gonad dose equivalent attributed to environmental gamma are 0.24 mSvy[-1] [for both tissues] and 1.44 and 1.46 mSvy[-1], respectively. Average gonad and bone marrow doses for North Khorasan, Boshehr and Hormozgan provinces were less than the corresponding values for normal area

[ effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field[50Hz] on induction of chromosomal damages on bone marrow erythrocytes of male Balb/C mouse]

The increasing use of the electromagnetic field producer sets in daily living causes concerns about these waves on human health. The effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field [50 Hz] on induction of chromosomal damages on bone marrow erythrocytes of male Balb/C mouse has been investigated in this research. This is an experimental study in which the laboratory system of producing electromagnetic field with low frequency [50 Hz] was used. Five week old male Balb/C mice were divided into three controls, Sham-exposed and experimental groups. The experimental mice exposed were exposed to electromagnetic field [50 gauss] for 4 days [12 hours/day]. After treatment, the chromosomal damages were assessed using micronucleus test in polychromatic erythrocytes and resultant quantity data were analyzed using t and Mann-Whitney test. Results showed that frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes of experimental group [14/35 +/- 1/589] was more than Sham-exposed [8/958 +/- 1/049] and control group [7/65 +/- 0/768] significantly [p<0/05]. Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field [50 Hz] causes chromosomal damages induction in polychromatic erythrocytes of bone marrow male Balb/C mouse

matigated role of selective Cox.2 inhibitors against the early effects of accumulated doses of gamma-irradiation in mice

Clinical and experimental studies of the early and late effects of radiation on cells have led to optimization of radiotherapy schedules and to more precise modes of radiation delivery, radiation induced-injury on normal tissue can present either during or after the completion of radiotherapy. Early effects of small accumulated doses of gamma-irradiation in mice were studied at the present work. Fifty four mice were classified as the following negative control group I, distilled water subgroup Iia, etodolac subgroup IIb, subgroup IIIa was irradiated by accumulated dose of 0.5 Gy, subgroup IIIb received etodolac half an our pre-0.5 Gy irradiation, subgroup IVa was irradiated y accumulated dose of 1Gy, subgroup Ivb received etodolac pre-1 Gy irradiation, suroup Va was irradicated by accumulated dose of 2 Gy and the last subgroup Vb received etodolac pre-2 Gy irradiation. Analysis of bone marrow and jejunal cell cycle kinetic was carried out using flowcytometery and histochemical studies. The results revealed hat there was significant dose-dependant alternation of cell cycle kinetic of bone marrow and jejunal samples in the form of increase in GI and CVGI and decrease in percent SPE, percent G2 and PI. Mitotic delay, reduction in DNA content and chromatin condensation underneath the nuclear membrane of the cells in both cypts and villi of the jejunal sections could be also observed. Etodolac adminisration to the mice half an hour pre-irradiation could offer a great radioprotective effect. Research opportunities may help future clinical application of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors as chemopreventive drugs

Retrospective evaluation of bone pain palliation after samarium-153-EDTMP therapy

OBJETIVO: O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito paliativo da dor e a toxicidade medular associados ao tratamento com Samário-153-EDTMP em pacientes com metástases ósseas. MÉTODOS: O estudo foi realizado de forma retrospectiva, a partir do levantamento de prontuário de 178 pacientes submetidos a tratamento com 1mCi/kg de 153Sm-EDTMP devido à dor por metástases ósseas. Os prontuários de 73 pacientes foram considerados adequados para análise dos parâmetros clínicos (intensidade da dor) e laboratoriais (hemograma). A intensidade da dor foi avaliada em escala de 0 a 10 pelo próprio paciente, antes e durante 8 semanas após o tratamento. Hemograma completo foi realizado antes do tratamento e a cada semana nas 8 semanas seguintes. Estudos de dosimetria foram realizados em 41 dos 73 pacientes, baseados na excreção urinária e retenção do radioisótopo, sendo a dose de radiação absorvida correlacionada à toxicidade medular. RESULTADOS: Redução importante na intensidade da dor (diminuição de 75 a 100% do basal) foi constatada em 36 pacientes (49%), com redução de 50-75%, 25-50% e 0-25% em, respectivamente, 20 (27%), 10 (14%) e 7 (10%) casos. Não se observou variação significativa da resposta entre os pacientes com tumor primário de mama (n=29) ou de próstata (n=36). Toxicidade medular foi observada em 75,3% dos pacientes (71,2% com leucopenia e 53,4% com plaquetopenia), em geral de grau leve a moderado e com recuperação ao término da 8º semana. A dose média de medula foi de 347±65 cGy, havendo baixa correlação entre a dosimetria medular e a queda da contagem de leucócitos (coeficiente de correlação linear de 0,40) ou de plaquetas (coeficiente de correlação linear = 0,48). CONCLUSÕES: O tratamento com Samário-153-EDTMP permitiu um adequado controle da dor por metástases ósseas, com significativa redução na intensidade da dor. A toxicidade medular transitória foi a principal reação adversa observada, em geral de grau leve a moderado, apresentando baixa correlação com as medidas dosimétricas.

Effect of low level laser therapy on the repair of bone defects grafted with inorganic bovine bone

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar histologicamente a influência da radiação laser não-cirúrgica (830 nm) sobre o reparo ósseo de defeitos padronizados em fêmur de ratos Wistar albinus e submetidos a implante de osso bovino inorgânico Gen-ox. Foram estabelecidos três grupos de animais: grupo I (controle, n=06); grupo II (Gen-ox, n=09) e grupo III (Gen-ox + LLLT, n=09). Os animais foram irradiados a cada 48 horas, sendo a primeira irradiação realizada imediatamente após a cirurgia. Os animais foram irradiados transcutaneamente em quatro pontos em torno da ferida. Cada ponto recebeu uma dose de 4 J/cm2 e a dose total por sessão foi de 16 J/cm2. Os sacrifícios foram realizados 15, 21 e 30 dias após a cirurgia. Os espécimes foram removidos e fixados para procedimento laboratorial, sendo corados com HeE e Picrosirius e analisados em microscopia de luz. Os resultados mostraram evidência de um reparo ósseo mais avançado nos espécimes irradiados em relação aos não irradiados. O reparo nos espécimes irradiados foi caracterizado por uma maior neoformação óssea, bem como por uma maior proliferação de fibras colágenas no interior do defeito já a partir de 15 dias após a cirurgia, também considerando a capacidade osteocondutiva do Gen-ox. Conclui-se que a LLLT resultou num efeito de biomodulação positiva sobre o reparo do defeito ósseo submetido a implante de osso bovino inorgânico.

Comportamiento de las hormonas tiroideas y el malonildialdehído en la evolución del trasplante de médula ósea / Behavior of the thyroid hormones and malonyldialdehyde in the evolution of bone marrow transplantation

Se estudiaron 10 de los pacientes seleccionados para realizarles un trasplante de médula ósea, ellos reciben radiaciones corporales previas con dosis que los lleven a la fase crítica del síndrome agudo por radiación, con el propósito de destruir su médula y con ella las células malignas que han dado origen a su enfermedad de base. Se les extrajeron muestras de sangre en ayunas antes y después de la irradiación, y en el postrasplante inmediato y mediato para la determinación de los valores de hormonas tiroideas (T3 y T4), tirotropina y la concentración de malonildialdehído. La concentración de las hormonas tiroideas se comportó como en otros pacientes graves, con la particularidad de su aumento, imputable a la radiación, en los primeros días. Los valores de malonildialdehído disminuyeron notablemente en los pacientes sobrevivientes al trasplante, y se mantuvieron por encima del rango normal en los pacientes que fallecieron con posterioridad. Los valores de malonildialdehído y hormonas tiroideas fueron visiblemente diferentes entre los grupos de sobrevivientes y fallecidos, como en otros pacientes críticos. La tirotropina no muestra grandes variaciones, aunque sí una cierta tendencia a aumentar en los sobrevivientes, y a mantenerse sin cambio en los fallecidos. Las relaciones de T3 y T4 con la concentración de malonildialdehído hace pensar que estas hormonas tienen relación con el estrés oxidativo que sufren los pacientes sometidos a un trasplante de médula ósea

Curative role of isologous bone marrow transplantation on radiation induced histochemical changes in bone marrow of rat

This work is a comparative study of radiation injury on bone marrow enzymes; namely, alkaline phosphatase and peroxidase, and possible control by the isologous bone marrow transplantation. The present study showed increased levels of alkaline phosphatase and peroxidase enzymes in bone marrow cells after radiation exposure. The level of enzymatic activity under investigation could be significantly restored over 3 weeks post-exposure of 6 Gy of gamma irradiation. The results obtained demonstrated the efficacy of bone marrow transplantation for replacement or proliferation of injured hematopoietic tissue component and, consequently, more rapid restoration of the normal levels of enzymatic activities in the irradiated bone marrow

Cytogenetic effect of consecutive doses of a constant magnetic field I-induction of micronuclei in bone-marrow cells in mice

The cytogenetic effect of a constant magnetic field [400G] was studied with the micronucleus test in mice bone marrow. Adult male mice were exposed to 5 consecutive doses, each separated by 24-hour intervals, for 30 minutes. All doses induced a significant increase in the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes [PCE]. The highest micronuclei were observed after exposure to double, while the lowest micronuclei were after pentad dose. Moreover, the dose response effect showed that the increase in micronuclei was linearly up to double dose and, thereafter, the increases dropped and slightly deviated from linearity. In conclusion, the clastogenic and/or aneugenic effects, observed in this study, of magnetic field may be closely correlated with cell transformation, tumorigenesis and aneuploidy

Evaluation of the effect of ionizing radiation of mouse hemocytopoietic tissue by reticulocyte count

The effects of exposure to a single, whole body X-ray dose of 154.8 mC/Kg (600 R) on mouse (Mus musculus) hemocytopoietic tissue were analyzed by means of reticulocyte counts in peripheral blood, evaluating indirectly variations of the erythrocyte sector of bone marrow. The efficiency of the method for the evaluation of this tissue was demonstrated, constituting one more radiobiologic parameter to corroborate those existing already

Estudo ultra-estrutural e morfométrico de células do parênquima mielóide de camundongos antes e depois da exposiçäo aos raios X / Ultrastructural and morphometric study of the myeloid cells of mice prior and after X-ray exposure

Foram estudadas as alteraçöes ultra-estruturais nucleares e citoplasmáticas de células do parênquima mielóide de camundongos Mus musculus, 1, 2 e 6 horas e 12 e 14 dias depois da exposiçäo aos raios X, corpo inteiro, na dose única de 154,8mC/Kg (600R). Uma hora após irradiaçäo, as alteraçöes mais evidentes foram as nucleares, como a condensaçäo da heterocromatina e dilataçäo da cisterna perinuclear. No citoplasma observou-se dilataçäo e cristólise mitocondrias, dilataçäo do complexo de Golgi (CG) e do retículo endoplasmático granular (REG) e lisossomos aparentemente aumentados de volume, sendo estas alteraçöes de baixa intensidade. Elas tornaram-se mais evidentes 2 a 6 horas depois da irradiaçäo, sendo que, nesses períodos, o REG apresenta perda de ribossomos aderidos a sua membrana e surgiram septos citoplasmáticos. Aos 12 e 14 dias depois da irradiaçäo, apesar do aspecto das células ter-se mostrado semelhante ao controle, persistiram ainda discretas alteraçöes em algumas organelas. Realizou-se, também, uma quantificaçäo, introduzindo-se o coeficiente de recuperaçäo medular (CRM); constatou-se que no período de 2 horas seu valor era 0 por cento e em 6 horas, 8,4 por cento, caracterizando a fase de "injúria máxima". Aos 12 dias, houve aumento do mesmo, evidenciando uma "reaçäo de recuperaçäo", e aos 14 dias um valor máximo, em torno de 500 por cento

Avaliaçäo dos efeitos da radiaçäo ionizante e da ciclofosfamida na medula óssea de camundongos, pela contagem das células näo nucleadas e nucleadas / Evaluation of the effects of ionizing radiation and cyclophosphamide on the bone marrou of mice, by the count of unnucleated and nucleated cells

Os efeitos da exposiçäo aos raios X, na dose única de 103,2mC/kg corpo inteiro, e da ciclofosfamida injetada intraperitonealmente, na dose de 7mg (350mg/kg), na medula óssea de camundongos (Mus musculus) foram estudados, empregando-se métodos histológicos usuais, para naálise morfológica e obtençäo da relaçäo numérica entre as células näo nucleadas e nucleadas (NN/N), para análise morfométrica. Ficou evidenciada a eficiência da metodologia proposta na avaliaçäo, tanto dos efeitos da radiaçäo ionizante, quanto das drogas quimioterápicas, sobre a medula óssea

Alteraçöes hematológicas em camundongos da raça C57 BL expostos à irradiaçäo corpo-inteiro pelo cobalto radioativo / Hematologia changes in C57 BL mice exposed to whole body irradiation with radioactive cobalt

Sete grupos de 5 camundongos da raça B57 B1 submeteram-se à radiaçäo corpo-inteiro em dose única de 1.000 rads (285m C/Kg). Cada grupo foi sacrificado, respectivamente nos 1§, 3§, 5§, 7§, 8§, 9§ e 10§ dias após a exposiçäo à radiaçäo. Um 8§ grupo de 5 animais servia de controle, näo se submetendo à radiaçäo. Antes do sacrifício, colhia-se sangue periférico para a feitura de extensöes, as quais foram coradas pelo Leishman. Em seguida, retirava-se o fêmur E, para a realizaçäo de cortes de medula óssea. Verificou-se acentuada reduçäo dos elementos figurados do sangue, paralela a igual depressäo medular, que se fez progressivamente até o 10§ dia, quando a aplasia era quase total. Nessa ocasiäo, verificaram-se, na medula óssea, quase que exclusivamente, linfócitos, plasmócitos, fibroblastos e células endoteliais, além de raros megacariócitos, mantendo-se, entretanto, as plaquetas no sangue periférico em número proximamente normal

Immunologic response of guinea pigs (Cavia porecellus) by treatment with antithymocyte serum, gamma-irradiation of gastrointestinal tract, lymphoid tissue and bone marrow.

The immunologic status of the guinea pigs was modified by treatment with antithymocyte serum (ATS): irradiation of gastrointestinal tract lymphoid tissue (GALT) and bone marrow (BM) by gamma-rays. These animals were injected with homologous testes, kidney and heterologous sheep red blood cells respectively in complete Freund's adjuvant. Cell mediate immune response (CMI) and humoral immune response was studied after first, third, fifth and eighth week of allergization. CMI was completely suppressed in guinea pigs treated with ATS, whereas humoral response suppressed to a lesser extent. In GALT and BM irradiated guinea pigs, CMI develops normally. However, marked suppression in the production of antibody titre both against homologous testes, kidney and heterologous sheep red blood cells was observed. Thymic lymphocytes "T' are destroyed by antithymocyte serum which are the mediators of cell mediated immune response. Irradiation of GALT and BM suppresses humoral response thereby supports that these are populated by "B' lymphocytes.