Acute inferior myocardial infarction combined with papillary muscle rupture: A case report / 中南大学学报(医学版)

The incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is increasing. Acute papillary muscle rupture is one of the serious and rare mechanical complications of AMI, which occurs mostly in inferior and posterior myocardial infarction. A patient with acute inferior myocardial infarction developed pulmonary edema and refractory shock, followed by cardiac arrest. After cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), revascularization of criminal vessels was carried out by emergency percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) under the support of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) and extra corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Although the patient was given a chance for surgery, his family gave up treatment due to unsuccessful brain resuscitation. It reminds that mechanical complications such as acute papillary muscle rupture, valvular dysfunction and rupture of the heart should be highly suspected when cardiogenic pulmonary edema and cardiogenic shock are difficult to correct in acute inferior myocardial infarction. Echocardiogram and surgery should be put forward when revascularization of criminal vessels is available.

Mortality rates of surgical techniques for correcting atrioventricular disjunction

Abstract We compared the mortality rates of two surgical techniques for correction of atrioventricular disjunction in 10 out of 720 patients who underwent mitral valve replacement from 2005 to 2012. In group I, the mitral annulus was fixed with bovine pericardial strips; in group II, a 'patch' of bovine pericardium was sutured and extended from the base of the lateral and medial papillary muscles, covered the posterior wall of the left ventricle, went through the posterior mitral annulus, and ended in the posterior wall of the left atrium adjacent to the mitral ring. The group II technique showed a lower mortality.

Ruptura traumática de músculo papilar da valva tricúspide com forame oval patente adquirido e ruptura atrial direita oculta / Traumatic tricuspid valve papillary muscle case with concomitant acquired patent foramen ovale and covert right atrial rupture

RESUMO O traumatismo cardíaco é comum em acidentes com veículos automotores. Uma mulher com 50 anos de idade foi transportada para nosso hospital após sofrer múltiplos traumatismos em um acidente de automóvel quando dirigia em alta velocidade. Após admissão à unidade de terapia intensiva, uma ultrassonografia cardíaca revelou ruptura traumática de músculo papilar da valva tricúspide e forame oval patente, enquanto se observou, no exame físico, o sinal de Lancisi. Foi realizado tratamento cirúrgico com anuloplastia da valva e fechamento do forame oval patente; durante o ato cirúrgico, diagnosticou-se ruptura oculta do átrio direito.

ABSTRACT Cardiac trauma often occurs in motor vehicle accidents. A 50-year-old female driver was transported to our hospital with multiple trauma after a high-speed car accident. After admission to the intensive care unit, cardiac ultrasound examination revealed traumatic tricuspid valve papillary muscle rupture and patent foramen ovale, while Lancisi's sign was noted on physical examination. Surgical treatment was performed with valve annuloplasty and closure of the patent foramen ovale and a covert right atrial defect that was detected intraoperatively.

Correction of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction caused by anomalous papillary muscle and subaortic membrane

Abstract This paper presents a case study of a 30-year-old male patient with dyspnea on exertion had echocardiographic diagnosis of aortic subvalvar stenosis. Discrete mitral regurgitation and aortic valve dysplasia with mild to moderate insufficiency and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were also noted. During surgery, a rare condition was identified: presence of papillary muscle anomaly associated with the subaortic membrane as a cause of obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract. With the resection of these structures and a mitral valve annuloplasty, the patient evolved with a significant improvement of clinical condition and heart failure, with no residual mitral insufficiency.

Rotura de músculo papilar: una complicación mecánica del infartoagudo de miocardio / Papillary muscle rupture: a mechanical complication of acute myocardial infarction

La rotura de músculo papilar (RMP) es una complicación mecánica infrecuente (1-5 por ciento) del infarto agudo de miocardio (IAM). Se manifiesta en el contexto de un paciente infartado, como una insuficiencia mitral aguda, con descompensación hemodinámica grave y edema pulmonar agudo, con el consiguiente shock cardiogénico. PRESENTACIÓN DEL CASO: Paciente de género masculino, de 71 años de edad, sordomudo, sin antecedentes mórbidos cardiovasculares conocidos, que consultó por cuadro súbito de disnea. El examen físico de ingreso mostró palidez, sudoración y tiraje, con un soplo holosistólico IV/VI en el foco mitral. Electrocardiograma evidenció infarto con supra desnivel ST anteroseptoapical, con enzimas cardíacas compatibles. Radiografía de tórax mostró infiltrados pulmonares difusos compatibles con edema agudo pulmonar. Ecocardiograma informó insuficiencia mitral masiva, con prolapso del velo anterior asociada a posible RMP. Coronariografía evidenció lesiones significativas en arterias descendente anterior y coronaria derecha. Debido a la gravedad del cuadro clínico, se decidió tratamiento quirúrgico de urgencia con Reemplazo de Válvula Mitral y Cirugía de Revascularización Miocárdica. DISCUSIÓN: La RMP es la complicación mecánica más grave del IAM, llegando a presentar una mortalidad del 75 por ciento en las primeras 24 horas, razón por la cual es importante tener un alto índice de sospecha. El tratamiento de elección es quirúrgico, aunque tiene una alta mortalidad (50 por ciento), es mejor opción que el tratamiento médico, cuya mortalidad puede alcanzar cifras superiores al 90 por ciento...

Papillary muscle rupture is a rare mechanical complication (1-5 percent) of acute myocardial infarction and is a major cause of acute mitral regurgitation. It manifests itself in the context of an infarcted patient, as acute mitral regurgitation with severe hemodynamic decompensation and acute pulmonary edema, leading to cardiogenic shock. CASE REPORT: A71 years old man, deaf, without known cardiovascular history, who presented with sudden onset of dyspnea. Physical examination at admission showed pallor, sweating and circulation, highlighting the presence of a holosystolic murmur IV / VI. Electrocardiogram showed ST-elevation myocardial antero septoapical with cardiac enzymes compatible. Chest radiography showed diffuse pulmonary infiltrates consistent with acute pulmonary edema. Echocardiogram reported massive mitral regurgitation with anterior leaflet prolapse associated with possible rupture of papillary muscle. Coronary angiography showed severe lesions in left anterior descending artery, posterior, right coronary artery and first diagonal. Due to the severity of symptoms, emergency surgery was decided with Mitral Valve Replacement and Myocardial Revascularization Surgery. DISCUSSION: papillary muscle rupture is the most serious mechanical complication, presenting a 75 percent mortality in the first 24 hours, reason why it is important to have a high index of suspicion. The treatment of choice is surgery, although it has a high mortality (50 percent), is superiorto medical treatment, which has a mortality higher than90 percent...

Cirugía de la rotura de músculo papilar por infarto miocárdico / Surgery of post myocardial infarction papillary muscle rupture

Background: Papillary muscle rupture is a serious complication of myocardial infarction whose only treatment is surgery. Aim: To analyze our most recent surgical experíence with papillary muscle rupture. Patients and Methods: The datábase of our Service was reviewed for the period 1995-2005, to identify patients with papillary muscle rupture. Then, the clinical records and operating protocols were analyzed. Survival and functional class of patients were assessed. Results: Twelve patients (7 men), aged 52 to 89 years, had papillary muscle rupture. They represented 2.2 percent of all mitral procedures for mitral insufficiency and 8.8% of mitral surgeries for ischemic mitral regurgitation, during the study períod. In eight cases myocardial infarction was inferior, in three lateral and in one, anterior. In 10 patients, a mitral replacement was carried-out and in two the mitral valve was repaired. In seven patients, myocardial revascularization was performed. Mean lapse between infarction and surgery was 13.5 days (1 to 85). Two patients died in the perioperative period. Follow-up ranged from 1.7 to 120.4 months. Four patients died during follow-up, 2 due to a cardiovascular cause. Thus, at the end of follow-up 6 patients were alive. All were in functional class III. Conclusions: Papillary muscle rupture is an uncommon complication of myocardial infarction, with considerable operative and ¡ong-term mortality. However, survivors have good quality of life.

Substituição valvar mitral com papilopexia cruzada e constrição anular em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca / Mitral valve replacement with crossed papillopexy and annular constriction in heart failure patients

OBJETIVO: Analisar os resultados em curto e médio prazo de pacientes portadores de insuficiência cardíaca e insuficiência mitral moderada/grave submetidos a substituição valvar mitral com a técnica da papilopexia cruzada e constrição anular. MÉTODOS: Treze pacientes em classe funcional III ou IV (NYHA), idade média de 54,1 anos, etiologia idiopática, foram submetidos a substituição valvar mitral com constrição do anel e papilopexia cruzada. Foram analisados os parâmetros ecocardiográficos, classe funcional e curva atuarial de sobrevivência. RESULTADOS: Não houve mortes no período trans e pósoperatório imediato. A média dos diâmetros diastólicos e sistólicos ventricular esquerdo reduziu de 71 ± 8,6 mm para 65,3 ± 8,6 mm (p=0,049) e de 59,1 ± 8,5 mm para 50,4 ± 11,1 mm (p=0,002), respectivamente. Os diâmetros atriais variaram de 49,4 ± 6,4 mm para 44 ± 5,9 mm (p=0,017); o percentual de encurtamento sistólico do ventrículo esquerdo foi de 17 ± 4 por cento para 24 ± 8,3% (p=0,014), a fração de ejeção variou de 34 ± 9% para 45 ± 14% (p=0,008), todos estatisticamente significativos. Onze (84,6%) pacientes se encontram em classe funcional I e II. A sobrevivência foi de 100%, 82,6%, 71,6%, respectivamente para 1, 6 e 12 meses após a cirurgia de seguimento, mantendo-se 71,6% em período superior a 36 meses. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados obtidos, em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca e insuficiência mitral moderada/grave submetidos a substituição valvar mitral com papilopexia cruzada e constrição anular, apresentaram evidências de remodelamento cardíaco favorável e significativa recuperação funcional ventricular esquerda.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the short-term and mid-term follow-ups of patients with heart failure and moderate to severe mitral valve insufficiency and who have undergone mitral valve replacement with crossed papillopexy and annular constriction. METHODS: Thirteen patients in NYHA functional class III or IV, with a mean age of 54.1 years and with idiopathic etiology, underwent mitral valve replacement with ring constriction and crossed papillopexy. Echocardiograph parameters, functional class and survival actuarial curve were analyzed. RESULTS: There were no deaths during surgery or in the postoperative period. The mean left ventricular diastolic diameter was reduced from 71 ± 8.6 mm to 65.3 ± 8.6 mm (p=0.049) and the mean left ventricular systolic diameter was reduced from .1 ± 8.5 mm to 50.4 ± 11.1 mm (p=0.002). The atrial diameters varied from 49.4 ± 6.4 mm to 44 ± 5.9 mm (p=0.017); the percentage of the left ventricular shortening was 17 ± 4% to 24 ± 8.3%(p=0.014); the ejection fraction varied statistically and significantly from 34 ± 9% to 45 ± 14% (p=0.008). Eleven (84.6%) patients were in FC I and II. At 1, 6 and 12 months after follow-up surgery, the survival rate was 100%, 82.6%, 71.6%, respectively. This rate was maintained at 7.6% for more than 36 months. CONCLUSION: The results obtained from patients with heart failure and moderate to severe mitral valve insufficiency and who underwent mitral valve replacement with crossed papillopexy and annular constriction presented evidence of improved heart remodeling and significant improvement in left ventricular performance.

Papilopexia cruzada com enxerto na substituição da valva mitral: relato de caso / Crossed papillopexy with graft in mitral valve replacement: case report

O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar a técnica da papilopexia cruzada com o uso de enxerto de pericárdio bovino na substituição mitral por fibrose e calcificação intensa valvar e subvalvar. Esta técnica permite a preservação funcional do aparelho subvalvar mitral e foi aplicada pela primeira vez, na literatura alcançada, em paciente portador de estenose mitral reumática calcificada, submetido a troca valvar mitral. O paciente evoluiu sem complicações, com alta hospitalar em seis dias. Controles ecocardiográficos mostraram função ventricular esquerda preservada sem interferência na dinâmica da prótese mitral.

The aim of this study is to present the crossed papillopexy technique using bovine pericardial graft in mitral replacement caused by intense valvar and subvalvar fibrosis and calcification. This technique allows the functional preservation of the mitral subvalvar apparatus and was successfully applied, by the first time as far as we known, in a patient with calcified rheumatic mitral stenosis, who underwent mitral valve replacement surgery. The patient had an uneventful recovery and was discharged home on postoperative day 6. Echocardiography controls showed normal left ventricular function without any interference on the mitral prosthesis dynamics.

Rotura de válvula tricúspide con insuficiencia masiva secundaria a traumatismo torácico cerrado: caso clínico / Massive tricuspid valve insufficiency after blunt chest trauma: report of one case

Cardiac valve lesions after a blunt chest trauma are rare and less than 1 percent of cardiac lesions because of chest trauma affect the tricuspid valve. We report a 70 year-old female that suffered a severe chest trauma in a car accident. Duríng the repair of the múltiple skeletal lesions, the patient had a severe hemodynamic decompensation. A myocardial trauma with pericardial effusion and massive tricuspid insufficiency, due to anterior leaflet prolapse, was diagnosed on echocardiography. After discharge the patient remained in functional class II, with hepatomegaly, jugular ingurgitation and lower limb edema. A control echocardiogram, perfomed six months after the accident, showed dilatation of right heart chambers and massive tricuspid insufficiency. The patient was operated, and a tricuspid valve repair was performed suturing the ruptured papillary muscle to the ventricular wall and performing a triscuspid annuloplasty with a prosthetic ring. After 15 months of follow up, the patient remains asymptomatic.

Nova abordagem técnica para papilopexia cruzada em operacão de substituicão valvar mitral: resultados imediatos / New technical approach for crossed papillopexy in mitral valve replacement surgery: short term results

OBJETIVO: Apresentar a técnica de papilopexia cruzada e seus resultados iniciais na preservacão dos músculos papilares em operacões de substituicão valvar mitral e remodelamento ventricular na insuficiência cardíaca (ICC). MÉTODO: Foram estudados dez pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de troca valvar mitral, sendo sete (70 por cento) do sexo masculino, com idade variável entre 15 e 75 anos (média de 44,4 n 18,7 anos) portadores de disfuncão valvar mitral reumática (50 por cento), prolapso valvar mitral (10 por cento) ou miocardiopatia dilatada e ICC (40 por cento). Após atriotomia e adequada exposicão da valva mitral, a cúspide anterior foi desinserida do anel e centralmente dividida, sendo cada metade, com seu complexo de cordas tendíneas, fixada à comissura oposta por sua extremidade medial. Em seguida, foi implantada a prótese valvar mecânica (sete casos) ou bioprótese porcina (três casos) fixada ao anel valvar por meio de pontos separados, com reducão do anel valvar mitral, para melhor remodelamento ventricular nos casos com ICC. RESULTADOS: Todos os pacientes receberam alta hospitalar em condicões clínicas estáveis, apresentando melhora do desempenho cardíaco no final do primeiro mês de pós-operatório, com reducão significativa (p<0,05) do diâmetro sistólico do ventrículo esquerdo e do átrio esquerdo, e fracão de ejecão do ventrículo esquerdo aumentando, em média, de 46,7 por cento para 56,4 por cento (p<0,05) no pré e pós-operatório, respectivamente. CONCLUSAO: A técnica de papilopexia cruzada em operacões de tratamento de lesões valvares mitrais e da insuficiência cardíaca permitiu a substituicão valvar mitral com recuperacão funcional e remodelamento atrial e ventricular favorável e significante.

Rotura de músculo papilar en el infarto miocárdico / Papillary muscle rupture in myocardial infarction

We report 9 patients with acute mitral regurgitation secondary to post-infarction papillary rupture operated between 1980 and 1992. Seven cases had posterior papillary muscle rupture. All patients were in critical conditions with pulmonary edema at the moment of surgery. In 8 cases, mitral valve replacement was performed (4 with mechanical prosthesis) and in 1, the value was repaired with papillary muscle reimplantation. Six cases were also subjected to myocardial revascularization with saphenous vein grafts. Two patients (22 percent) died during the postoperative period and 4 had postoperative complications. The seven survivors have been followed during 6 to 115 month. Of these, one died six months after surgery dur to congestive heart failure, 3 are in functional class I and the rest in functional class II. It is concluded that, although mitral valve replacement for papillary muscle rupture has a high operative mortality and morbidity, long term results are satisfactory

Estudo randomizado comparando-se a substituiçäo valvar mitral com e sem preservaçäo da continuidade anel-cordas tendíneas-papilares / ndomized study comparing mitral valve replacement with and without preservation of mitral ring chordae tendinae papillary continuity

Objetivo - Demonstrar a importância da preservaçäo da continuidade anel-cordas tendíneas-músculos papilares, na troca da valva mitral. Métodos - Foram estudados 21 pacientes submetidos à troca valvar mital, divididos, de forma randomizada, em 2 grupos. O grupo 1, formado por 12 casos submetidos à troca valvar mitral com preservaçäo da cúspide posterior e das tendineas correspondentes, e grupo 2, constituído po 9 casos submetidos à troca da valva mitral da forma convencional, retirando-se todo o aparelho valvar mitral. A funçäo ventircular esquerda foi estudada no pós-operat1ório tardio e serviu para comparar os resultados obtidos no 2 grupos. Para analisarmos a funçäo ventricular esquerda, foram utilizados ecocardiograma, cateterismo cardíaco e cintilografia. A análise estatística foi feita utilziando-se o teste de Wilcoxon. Resultados - Nenhum óbito foi registrado no pós-operatório imediato. Pela cintilografia, a queda percentual da fraçäo de ejeçäo no grupo 1 (p=0,03). O percentual de encurtamento do ventrículo esquerdo registrado pelo ecocardiograma foi maior no grupo I, porém, estatisticamente a diferença näo foi significativa. A média dos diâmetros diastólicos do ventrículo esquerdo e os valores médio di diâmetro do átrio esquerdo pelo ecocardiograma, foram menores no grupo 1 do que no grupo 2. Houve queda da pressäo diastólica final do ventrículo esquerdo no grupo 1 e aumento no grupo 2, pelo estudo hemodinâmico. Constatou-se queda, proporcionalmente maior no grupo 1, da pressäo média no capilar e na artéria pulmonar. O valor médio da pressäo diastólica no ventrículo direito, no grupo 2, foi significantemente maior (p=0,05). Conclusäo - A funçäo ventricular esquerda, no grupo submetido a substituiçäo valvar mitral com preservaçäo do aparelho subvalvar, foi mais satisfatória

Purpose- To demonstrate the importance of the preservation of mitral annulus-chordae tendineaepapillary muscles continuity in mitral valve replacement. Methods - We studied 21 patients who were submitted to mitral valve replacement, divided in two randomized groups: group 1, 12 cases who undergone mitral valve replacement, with preservation of the posterior leaflet and correspondent chordae tendineae; and group 2 - 9 cases who undergone conventional mitral valve replacement, excising the mitral valve apparatus. The left ventricular function was studied both, in the pre and post operative period, by echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, and radioisotopic study. The statistical analysis was done by the Wilcoxson's test. Results - There were no early post operative deaths. Analising the results of the ejection fraction by the radioisotopic study we found a significant difference (p=0,03) between the percentual decrease of the two groups. The results of the fractional shortening were higher in group 1 than in group 2, however not significant. The left ventricular diastolic diameters average was lower in group 1 than in group 2, so as the left atrium diameter. We found a decrease in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure in group 1, however there was an increase in group 2, by the cardiac catheterization. There was a proportional increase in group 1 both in lung artery and lung capillary pressures. There was a significant difference (p=0.05) between the average values of right ventricular diastolic pressure. Conclusion - There is better preservation of left ventricular function in group 1