O cuidado em saúde promovido pelas religiões afro-brasileiras / Health care promoted by afro-brazilian religions / El cuidado en salud promovido por las religiones afrobrasileñas

No decorrer da história, sempre foram infindáveis os casos em que os sujeitos recorriam a centros espíritas ou terreiros de religiões de matrizes africanas em decorrência de problemas como doenças, desempregos ou amores mal resolvidos, com o objetivo de saná-los. Por conta disso, este artigo visa apresentar os resultados da pesquisa relacionados ao objetivo de mapear os processos de cuidado em saúde ofertados em três terreiros de umbanda de uma cidade do litoral piauiense. Para isso, utilizamos o referencial da Análise Institucional "no papel". Os participantes foram três líderes de terreiros e os respectivos praticantes/consulentes dos seus estabelecimentos religiosos. Identificamos perspectivas de cuidado que se contrapunham às racionalidades biomédicas, positivistas e cartesianas, e faziam referência ao uso de plantas medicinais, ao recebimento de rezas e passes e à consulta oracular. A partir desses resultados, podemos perceber ser cada vez mais necessário, portanto, que os povos de terreiros protagonizem a construção, implementação e avaliação das políticas públicas que lhe sejam específicas.(AU)

In history, there have always been endless cases of people turning to spiritual centers or terreiros of religions of African matrices due to problems such as illnesses, unemployment, or unresolved love affairs. Therefore, this article aims to present the research results related to the objective of mapping the health care processes offered in three Umbanda terreiros of a city on the Piauí Coast. For this, we use the Institutional Analysis reference "on Paper." The participants were three leaders of terreiros and the respective practitioners/consultants of their religious establishments. We identified perspectives of care that contrasted with biomedical, positivist, and Cartesian rationalities and referred to the use of medicinal plants, the prescript of prayers and passes, and oracular consultation. From these results, we can see that it is increasingly necessary, therefore, that the peoples of the terreiros lead the construction, implementation, and evaluation of public policies that are specific to them.(AU)

A lo largo de la historia, siempre hubo casos en los cuales las personas buscan en los centros espíritas o terreros de religiones africanas la cura para sus problemas, como enfermedades, desempleo o amoríos mal resueltos. Por este motivo, este artículo pretende presentar los resultados de la investigación con el objetivo de mapear los procesos de cuidado en salud ofrecidos en tres terreros de umbanda de una ciudad del litoral de Piauí (Brasil). Para ello, se utiliza el referencial del Análisis Institucional "en el Papel". Los participantes fueron tres líderes de terreros y los respectivos practicantes / consultivos de los establecimientos religiosos que los mismos conducían. Se identificaron perspectivas de cuidado que se contraponían a las racionalidades biomédicas, positivistas y cartesianas, y hacían referencia al uso de plantas medicinales, al recibimiento de rezos y pases y a la consulta oracular. Los resultados permiten concluir que es cada vez más necesario que los pueblos de terreros sean agentes protagónicos de la construcción, implementación y evaluación de las políticas públicas destinadas específicamente para ellos.(AU)

Uma diversão entre a ciência e o ocultismo: os espetáculos de mágica no Rio de Janeiro do século XIX (décadas de 1840- 1880) / An entertainment between the science and the occultism: the magic shows in the 19th century Rio de Janeiro (1840S1880S)

Este estudo objetiva lançar um olhar sobre os espetáculos de artes mágicas promovidos no Rio de Janeiro do século XIX, sugerindo que, por suas características, podem nos permitir perceber algumas peculiaridades nacionais do processo de adesão ao ideário e imaginário da modernidade. Como fontes, foram utilizados revistas e jornais publicados na cidade entre as décadas de 1840 e 1880, período em que mágicos mais amiúde ocuparam os palcos de teatros fluminenses, observando-se um auge e regressão da popularidade desse tipo de divertimento. Na análise/interpretação, consideramos as três dimensões que marcaram, no Brasil e no mundo, os discursos e dinâmicas dessas apresentações: a ciência, o ocultismo, a diversão.

This study aims to take a look at the magical arts spectacles promoted in the 19th century Rio de Janeiro, suggesting that, due to their characteristics, they can allow us to perceive some national peculiarities of the adherence process to the ideals of modernity. As sources, they were used magazines and newspapers published in the city between the 1840s and 1880s, a period in which magicians more often occupied the stages of Rio de Janeiro theatres, with an upswing and regression of this type of entertainment in terms of popularity. For analysis/interpretation, we considered the three dimensions that marked, in Brazil and in the world, the discourses and dynamics of these exhibitions: science, occultism, entertainment.

Development and validation of the Hocus Focus Magic Performance Evaluation Scale for health professions personnel in the United States / 보건의료교육평가

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to describe the development and validation of the Hocus Focus Magic Performance Evaluation Scale (HFMPES), which is used to evaluate the competency of health professions personnel in delivering magic tricks as a therapeutic modality. METHODS: A 2-phase validation process was used. Phase I (content validation) involved 16 magician judges who independently rated the relevance of each of the 5 items in the HFMPES and established the veracity of its content. Phase II evaluated the psychometric properties of the HFMPES. This process involved 2 magicians using the HFMPES to independently evaluate 73 occupational therapy graduate students demonstrating 3 magic tricks. RESULTS: The HFMPES achieved an excellent scale-content validity index of 0.99. Exploratory factor analysis of the HFMPES scores revealed 1 distinct factor with alpha coefficients ≥0.8 across the 3 magic tricks. The construct validity of the HFMPES scores was further supported by evidence from a known-groups analysis, in which the Mann–Whitney U-test showed significant difference in HFMPES scores between participants with different levels of experience in delivering the 3 magic tricks. The inter-rater reliability coefficients were ≥0.75 across the 3 magic tricks, indicating that the competency of health professions personnel in delivering the 3 magic tricks could be evaluated precisely. CONCLUSION: Preliminary evidence supported the content and construct validity of the HFMPES, which was found to have good internal consistency and inter-rater reliability in evaluating health professions personnel's competency in delivering magic tricks.

Prosthetic rehabilitation for a maxillectomy patient using 3D printing assisted closed hollow bulb obturator: a case report

This case report presents a closed hollow bulb obturator made by 3D printing for a maxillectomy patient. Final impression was taken according to the instructions and impression trays provided by the Magic denture™ system. Vertical dimension, facial appearance, and retention had been checked with the try-in denture. The try-in denture was corrected and adjusted to fulfill the demand of the patients, then these were reflected to the final design of the denture. The defect area was designed as a closed hollow bulb shape to reduce the weight and to provide uniform thickness of the denture. The patient satisfied with the esthetics and function of the denture.

Omadacycline, a Magic Antibiotics for Bacterial Infections

Nowadays antibiotic resistance is a worldwide serious problem that mainly affects public health. Omadacycline is a unique antibiotic which has two available dosage forms such as intravenous (IV) and oral that development for community-acquired bacterial infectious disease treatment. It is a modified form of older tetracycline at C-9 aminomethyl substituent of 6-member core ring of tetracycline. Modification form shows its activity against efflux pump and ribosomal protein protection mechanism of tetracycline resistance. Generally, omadacycline is effective against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Streptococcus pneumoniae, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), Legionella and Chlamydia spp. Efficacy, safety and tolerability profile of omadacycline those compares with recent antibiotics shows that omadacycline is less resistant than others. One derivative from tetracycline derivatives is 9-neopentylaminomethylminocycline called omadacycline was discovered and ongoing phase III clinical experiments as a therapy for acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) as well as community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP). Omadacycline seems to be a strong drug candidate for future promising new antibacterial agent that is effective against ABSSSI and CABP.

Fragile Self and Malevolent Others: Biased Attribution Styles in Individuals at Ultra-High Risk for Psychosis

OBJECTIVE: Biased attribution styles of assigning hostile intention to innocent others and placing the blame were found in schizophrenia. Attribution styles in individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis, however, have been less studied especially for its association with various psychological factors. We investigated whether UHR individuals show increased hostility perception and blaming bias and explored the associations of these biased styles of attribution with the factor structure of multifaceted self-related psychological variables and neurocognitive performances. METHODS: Fifty-four UHR individuals and 80 healthy controls were assessed by evaluating resilience, self-perception, self-esteem, and aberrant subjective experiences of schizotypy (physical anhedonia, social anhedonia, magical ideation, and perceptual aberration), basic symptoms, and carrying out a comprehensive neurocognitive test battery. Attribution styles were assessed using the Ambiguous Intentions Hostility Questionnaire. RESULTS: UHR individuals, compared with normal controls, showed increased hostility perception and blaming bias. Factor analysis of self-related psychological variables and neurocognitive performances in the entire subject population showed a three-factor solution, which was designated as reflective self, pre-reflective self, and neurocognition. Multiple regression analysis in UHR individuals revealed that hostility perception bias was associated with reflective self and composite blame bias was associated with reflective and pre-reflective self. CONCLUSION: This study supports the emergence of attribution biases in the putative ‘prodromal’ phase of schizophrenia. The associations of biased attribution styles with multifaceted self-related psychological constructs suggest that psychosocial interventions for biased attribution styles in UHR individuals should focus not only on reflective self but also pre-reflective self-related psychological constructs.

Association of Abnormal Eye Gaze Pattern with Magical Ideation during Reality Evaluation in Patients with Schizophrenia / 대한정신분열병학회지

OBJECTIVES: Magical ideation refers to belief in forms of causation that by conventional standards are invalid, and is considered to be one of prodromal psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between magical ideation and eye gaze pattern in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS: Eye gaze data were recorded in 23 patients with schizophrenia and 23 healthy controls while performing the reality evaluation task, in which participants should judge the realness of real or unreal pictures. RESULTS: Compared to healthy controls, patients with schizophrenia showed decreased fixation, saccade and area of interest (AOI) fixation counts, and reduced scanpath length. Magical Ideation Scale score in patients with schizophrenia showed negative correlation with the scanpath length in the real condition and the AOI fixation count in the unreal condition. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that patients with schizophrenia show restricted visual scanning during reality evaluation, and their restricted visual scanning may play an important role in the magical ideation.

Verso e avesso da sombra: tessitura de profanação sensível (pensartecorpo na experiência de bioética e aionética)

Tratou-se de um experimento Mítico-Erótiko no suporte da BioÉtica-AionÉtica-Éticada-Vidapor meio de uma cultura da Skótos (Sombra) em solução abstrato-teóricofilosófica(vide procedimentos em Giorgio Agamben) onde se desenvolveram cepashíbridas de idiopaticidade e de criptogenicidade que foram inoculadas no galo-deSócrates-para-Asclépioem vias de administração da oralidade, do rito, daespiritualidade, da filosofia, das humanidades e das artes (dança-Butô, teatro,performance, música, cinema, pintura, fotografia, literatura epistolar, poética,biográfica) com o propósito de observar uma sintomatologia do Contemporâneo e seuspossíveis efeitos adversos (Contra-Temporâneos) nos corpos da potência, diferença,sensações e afetos. Ao descrever os processos de mutações que se efetivaram nesseprotocolo, constatou-se que o próprio campo da Linguagem empreendeu uma curvaendógena (experiência sobre si mesmo), em dobraduras que resistiram às configuraçõesfixadas para um uso da gramática e/ou da finalidade identitária. Nessa zona limítrofelaboratorialdas variáveis no Pensamento e na Linguagem (Fora), enquanto aSubjetividade e os Saberes dos Modernos espargiram-se nas intensidades da imanência,persistiu uma estrutura expelida da Pólis arcana, uma arké da feiticeira no Sertão,outrora marginal ao tratamento que o Discurso-Verdade recebe na poesia (das Musas) ena filosofia (do Lógos), nos termos da Lei (Nómos) e da Ordem (Kósmos). A análisepara a coleta dos dados restritos ao presente sugere a multiplicidade de novos estudos apartir da intersecção de metodologias de conhecimento tácito em camadas distintas davirtualidade. Por fim, esse trabalho declara conflito de interesses às problemáticas dasua época, atinente às influências dos Pós-Modernos, dos Pós-Estruturalistas e dosContemporâneos no pensamento da Saúde e do Cuidado.

A Mythical-Erotic experiment in BioEthics-AionEthics-Life Ethics as substantiated by aculture of Skotos (Darkness) in an abstract-theoretical-philosophical solution (seeprocedures in Giorgio Agamben) within which hybrid strains of idiopathy andcryptogenicity were developed and inoculated in Socrates‘s Cock-for-Asclepius duringthe process of administration, of orality, of the rite, of spirituality, of philosophy, of thehumanities and of the arts (Butoh dance, theater, performance, music, cinema, painting,photography, epistolary literature, poetics, biography), with the aim of observing asymptomatology of the Contemporary and its possible adverse affects (CounterTemporaries)upon the bodies of potency, difference, sensations and facts. In describingthe processes of mutations that took place within that protocol, it became clear that thefield of Language itself had performedan endogenous curve (experience of oneself) infolds that resisted fixed configurations for grammar and/or identity purposes. Whereas,in this coterminous laboratorial zone of variables in Thought and Language (Outside),Subjectivity and the Knowledge of the Moderns spread throughout the intensities ofimmanence, one structure that had been expelled from the arcane Polis lives on – anarche of witchcraft in the Sertão, once marginal to the treatment that Truth-Discoursegiven to poetry (by the Muses) and to philosophy (by the Logos), in terms of Law(Nomos) and Order (Kósmos). The analysis of data collection restricted to the presentsuggests the multiplicity of new studies based on the intersection of methodologies oftacit knowledge in distinct layers of virtuality. Finally, this thesis declares a conflict ofinterests with the problems of its age, pertaining to the influence of the Postmoderns,the Poststructuralists and the Contemporaries upon Health and Care thinking.

Comparison of T1rho and T2 Mapping of Knee Articular Cartilage in an Asymptomatic Population

OBJECTIVE: To analyze subregional differences in T1rho (T1ρ) and T2 values and their correlation in asymptomatic knee cartilage, and to evaluate angular dependence with magic angles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six asymptomatic volunteers underwent knee MRI with T1ρ and T2 mapping. T1ρ and T2 values were measured by two radiologists independently, at nine subregions in the medial femoral condyle (MFC) cartilage, at angles of ± 0°, 15°, 35°, 55°, 75° respective to a vertical line (B0) bisecting the width of the distal femur, and at two locations in the patella. Subregional values of T1ρ and T2 were analyzed and significant differences in three divided portions of the MFC (anterior, central, and posterior) were statistically evaluated. Correlation between T1ρ and T2 and angular dependence with magic angles were also assessed for statistical significance. RESULTS: T1ρ values were lowest at +15° and highest at -55°. T2 values were lowest at +75° and highest at +35°. Both T1ρ and T2 were higher in superior patella than inferior patella. T1ρ showed significant differences in the three divided portions of the MFC, while T2 showed significant differences only between central and posterior portions. There was a weak correlation between T1ρ and T2 (r = 0.217, p = 0.127). T1ρ showed more angular dependence than T2. CONCLUSION: T1ρ and T2 showed different subregional values and angular dependence in asymptomatic knee cartilage with a weak correlation. Awareness of these differences will aid in assessment of cartilage in a specific subregion of the knee.

Social Perception of Infertility and Its Treatment in Late Medieval Italy: Margherita Datini, an Italian Merchant's Wife / 의사학

Because the perception of infertility in medieval Europe ranged from the extremely religious view of it as a malediction of God or the devil's work, to the reasonable medical conception of it as a sort of disease to treat, it is very difficult to determine the general attitudes of ordinary people towards infertility. This article seeks to elucidate the common social perception of infertility and its treatment in late medieval Europe by analyzing the case of Margherita Datini, an Italian merchant's wife who lived in the 1400s. It relies heavily on the documents left by her and her husband, Francesco Datini; the couple left many records, including letters of correspondence between them. Margherita and those around her regarded infertility not as the devil's curse or a punishment by God but as a disease that can be cured. Margherita and her husband, Francesco, tried hard to cure their infertility. They received treatment and prescriptions from several doctors while also relying on folk remedies, religious therapies, and even magical remedies. The comparative analysis of Datini documents, medical books, and theoretical treatises or prescriptive essays by clerics suggests that the general perception of infertility in medieval Europe was located between the extremely religious and modern medical conceptions of it.

Metamorfose infinita: sobre brujos, espíritos e apuntes em Havana / Infinite metamorphosis: witches, spirits and apuntes in Havana

O artigo oferece uma leitura alternativa de Hampa afro-cubana: los negros brujos, do cubano Fernando Ortiz y Fernandes, e discute a necessidade de problematizar as diferentes ideias expostas pelo autor. Para isso, contesta leituras de alguns comentadores influenciados por sua obra. O artigo sugere algumas pistas acerca do que Ortiz y Fernandes entendia como forças capazes de agir e manifestar-se nos "corpos" de sujeitos afetados pela agência dos acusados de envolvimento com práticas e objetos mágicos. Debruça-se sobre a criação dos brujos - conforme descritos por Ortiz y Fernandes - como um objeto epistêmico e discute os argumentos e práticas de conhecimento necessários à sua fabricação.

This article offers an alternative reading of Hampa afro-cubana: los negros brujos, by the Cuban Fernando Ortiz y Fernandes, and discusses the need to make the different ideas expounded by the author more complex. For this reason, it disputes the interpretations of some commentators influenced by his work. The article suggests some clues with regard to what Ortiz y Fernandes understood as forces capable of acting and manifesting themselves in the "bodies" of persons affected by the activities of those accused of being involved with magical practices and objects. It examines the creation of witches - as described by Ortiz y Fernandes - as an epistemic phenomenon and discusses the arguments and the practices and knowledge required for this purpose.

A Comparison of Magical Ideation in Nonclinical Adolescent and Adult Groups : An Item Response Theory Based Differential Item Functioning Analysis / 대한정신분열병학회지

OBJECTIVES: We examined magical ideation in adolescent and adult group by Magical Ideation Scale (MIS). We also explored how adolescents and adults respond differently to each items of MIS. METHODS: 310 nonclinical adults and 310 Year 10 students participated in this study, and completed MIS and Symptom Checklist 90-revision (SCL-90-R). Total scores of MIS were compared between adults and adolescents. The item characteristics of MIS were evaluated by item response theory (IRT). Differential item functioning (DIF) was detected using the parameters of IRT. RESULTS: Total score of MIS was higher in adolescents than in adults, but there was no statistical significance. Item 5, 10, 13, and 16 showed significant difference on item difficulty parameters and were identified as DIF. Among DIF items, item 5 was more difficult for adolescents than adults. Item 10, 13, and 16 were more difficult for adults than adolescents. The modified MIS score excluding 4 DIF items was significantly higher in adolescents than adults. CONCLUSION: The influence of age on response to DIF items should be considered when comparing MIS scores between adolescents and adults.

El programa de investigación propuesto por Jacques lacan en el año 1966: de la verdad como causa para el sujeto / The research program proposed by Jacques Lacan in 1966: on truth as cause to the subject

En el año 1966, el psicoanalista Jacques Lacan publica sus Écrits marcando un antecedente a largo de su enseñanza. Consideramos que este antecedente deja una propuesta muy específica para el psicoanálisis y un campo desde dónde el psicoanalista puede hacer posible su práctica: la verdad como causa para el sujeto. Sin embargo, Lacan nos advierte que en cuánto a sujetos de la ciencia psicoanalítica, debemos de resistir a otros modos de relación con la verdad como causa. Así, a partir de su obediencia científica y mediante una definición estructuralista, Lacan aborda otros marcos por fuera de la jurisdicción del psicoanálisis: magia, religión y ciencia.

In 1966, the psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan publishes Écrits setting an antecedent for his teachings. We consider that this antecedent leaves a very specific proposal for psychoanalysis and a field where the psychoanalyst can make its practice possible: truth as a cause to the subject. However, Lacan warns, from a psychoanalytical science perspective, that we must resist other ways of relationship with truth as a cause. Thus, from his scientific obedience and through a structuralist definition, Lacan also approaches other fields outside the jurisdiction of psychoanalysis: magic, religion, and science.

En 1966, le psychanalyste Jacques Lacan publie ses Écrits, marquant ainsi un antécédent tout au long de son enseignement. Cet antécédent suggère, selon nous, une approche très spécifique à la psychanalyse, ainsi qu’un champ dans lequel le psychanalyste peut rendre possible sa pratique: la vérité comme cause pour le sujet. Lacan nous averti cependant que, en tant que sujets de la science psychanalytique, nous devons résister à d’autres modes de relation avec la vérité comme cause. Ainsi, à partir de son obéissance scientifique et grâce à une définition structuraliste, Lacan aborde d’autres sphères en dehors du domaine de la psychanalyse : magie, religion et science.

MRI-based Algorithm for Acute Ischemic Stroke Subtype Classification / 대한뇌졸중학회지

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In order to improve inter-rater reliability and minimize diagnosis of undetermined etiology for stroke subtype classification, using a stroke registry, we developed and implemented a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based algorithm for acute ischemic stroke subtype classification (MAGIC). METHODS: We enrolled patients who experienced an acute ischemic stroke, were hospitalized in the 14 participating centers within 7 days of onset, and had relevant lesions on MR-diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). MAGIC was designed to reflect recent advances in stroke imaging and thrombolytic therapy. The inter-rater reliability was compared with and without MAGIC to classify the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) of each stroke patient. MAGIC was then applied to all stroke patients hospitalized since July 2011, and information about stroke subtypes, other clinical characteristics, and stroke recurrence was collected via a web-based registry database. RESULTS: The overall intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) value was 0.43 (95% CI, 0.31-0.57) for MAGIC and 0.28 (95% CI, 0.18-0.42) for TOAST. Large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) was the most common cause of acute ischemic stroke (38.3%), followed by cardioembolism (CE, 22.8%), undetermined cause (UD, 22.2%), and small-vessel occlusion (SVO, 14.6%). One-year stroke recurrence rates were the highest for two or more UDs (11.80%), followed by LAA (7.30%), CE (5.60%), and SVO (2.50%). CONCLUSIONS: Despite several limitations, this study shows that the MAGIC system is feasible and may be helpful to classify stroke subtype in the clinic.

Can Perioperative Chemotherapy for Advanced Gastric Cancer Be Recommended on the Basis of Current Research? A Critical Analysis

PURPOSE: According to current guidelines, perioperative chemotherapy is an integral part of the treatment strategy for advanced gastric cancer. Randomized controlled studies have been conducted in order to determine whether perioperative chemotherapy leads to improved R0 resection rates, fewer recurrences, and prolonged survival. The aim of our project was to critically appraise three major studies to establish whether perioperative chemotherapy for advanced, potentially resectable gastric cancer can be recommended on the basis of their findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed the validity of the three most important studies (MAGIC, ACCORD, and EORTC) using a standardized questionnaire. Each study was evaluated for the study design, patient selection, randomization, changes in protocol, participating clinics, preoperative staging, chemotherapy, homogeneity of subjects, surgical quality, analysis of the results, and recruitment period. RESULTS: All three studies had serious shortcomings with respect to patient selection, homogeneity of subjects, changes in protocol, surgical quality, and analysis of the results. The protocols of the MAGIC and ACCORD-studies were changed during the study period because of insufficient recruitment, such that carcinomas of the lower esophagus and the stomach were examined collectively. In neither the MAGIC study nor the ACCORD study did patients undergo adequate lymphadenectomy, and only about half of the patients in the chemotherapy group could undergo the treatment specified in the protocol. The EORTC study had insufficient statistical power. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that none of the three studies was sufficiently robust to justify an unrestrained recommendation for perioperative chemotherapy in cases of advanced gastric cancer.

Biomarkers of Sepsis

Sepsis remains a leading cause of death in critically ill patients, despite efforts to improve patient outcome. Thus far, no magic drugs exist for severe sepsis and septic shock. Instead, early diagnosis and prompt initial management such as early goal-directed therapy are key to improve sepsis outcome. For early detection of sepsis, biological markers (biomarkers) can help clinicians to distinguish infection from host response to inflammation. Ideally, biomarkers can be used for risk stratification, diagnosis, monitoring of treatment responses, and outcome prediction. More than 170 biomarkers have been identified as useful for evaluating sepsis, including C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, various cytokines, and cell surface markers. Recently, studies have reported on the usefulness of biomarker-guided antibiotic stewardships. However, the other side of these numerous biomarkers is that no novel single laboratory marker can diagnose, predict, and track the treatment of sepsis. The purpose of this review is to summarize several key biomarkers from recent sepsis studies.

Replication of Interactions between Genome-Wide Genetic Variants and Body Mass Index in Fasting Glucose and Insulin Levels

The genetic regulation of glucose and insulin levels might be modified by adiposity. With regard to the genetic factors that are altered by adiposity, a large meta-analysis on the interactions between genetic variants and body mass index with regard to fasting glucose and insulin levels was reported by the Meta-Analyses of Glucose- and Insulin-related trait Consortium (MAGIC), based on European ancestry. Because no replication study has been performed in other ethnic groups, we first examined the link between reported single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and fasting glucose and insulin levels in a large Korean cohort (Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study cohort [KoGES], n = 5,814). The MAGIC study reported 7 novel SNPs for fasting glucose levels and 6 novel SNPs for fasting insulin levels. In this study, we attempted to replicate the association of 5 SNPs with fasting glucose levels and 5 SNPs with fasting insulin levels. One SNP (rs2293941) in PDX1 was identified as a significant obesity-modifiable factor in Koreans. Our results indicate that the novel loci that were identified by MAGIC are poorly replicated in other ethnic groups, although we do not know why.

Computational Modeling with Fluid-Structure Interaction of the Severe M1 Stenosis Before and After Stenting / 신경중재치료의학

PURPOSE: Image-based computational models with fluid-structure interaction (FSI) can be used to perform plaque mechanical analysis in intracranial artery stenosis. We described a process in FSI study applied to symptomatic severe intracranial (M1) stenosis before and after stenting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Reconstructed 3D angiography in STL format was transferred to Magics for smoothing of vessel surface and trimming of branch vessels and to HyperMesh for generating tetra volume mesh from triangular surface-meshed 3D angiogram. Computational analysis of blood flow in the blood vessels was performed using the commercial finite element software ADINA Ver 8.5. The distribution of wall shear stress (WSS), peak velocity and pressure was analyzed before and after intracranial stenting. RESULTS: The wall shear stress distributions from Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation with rigid wall assumption as well as FSI simulation before and after stenting could be compared. The difference of WSS between rigid wall and compliant wall model both in pre- and post-stent case is only minor except at the stenosis region. These WSS values were greatly reduced after stenting to 15~20 Pa at systole and 3~5 Pa at end-diastole in CFD simulation, which are similar in FSI simulations. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed that FSI simulation before and after intracranial stenting was feasible despite of limited vessel wall dimension and could reveal change of WSS as well as flow velocity and wall pressure.

Comparison of the Psychosis Proneness Based on the Existence of Persecutory Delusions and Grandiose Delusions in Nonclinical Population / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: Delusions are prevalent even among members of the general population, and persecutory delusions (PDs) and grandiose delusions (GDs) are most frequently found. In this study, we investigated the differences in the dimensions of delusional ideation, reported psychosis proneness, and subjective psychotic symptoms in nonclinical individuals stratified according to the existence of PDs and GDs. METHODS: A total of 311 nonclinical individuals completed the Peters et al Delusions Inventory 40 (PDI-40), Perceptual Aberration Scale (PAS), Magical Ideation Scale (MIS), Schizotypal Personality Scale (STA), and Symptom Check List-90-R (SCL-90-R). Individuals were grouped according to four types based on the existence of PDs and GDs in PDI-40 items. RESULTS: An analysis of variance revealed that the four groups differed significantly in total delusion score, distress, preoccupation, and conviction level of delusional ideation, PAS, MAS, STA, in total SCL-90-R scores, and all SCL-90-R sub symptoms. In post-hoc analysis, the group with both PDs and GDs showed the highest scores in all measures, compared with the other three groups. CONCLUSION: We found that individuals with both PDs and GDs have a tendency to possess another delusional ideation and reported more distress, preoccupation, and conviction level of delusional ideation, psychosis proneness, and subjective symptoms. Existence of both PDs and GDs significantly elevated psychosis proneness in comparison to having only either one of them.

Médicos, medicina popular e inquisição: a repressão das curas mágicas em Portugal durante o Iluminismo / Doctors, Folk Medicine and the Inquisition: The Repression of Magical Healing in Portugal during the Enlightenment

Este é um trabalho altamente original que combina fontes da história da Inquisição e da história da medicina (assim como muitas outras). Examina a enorme contradição de profissionais médicos treinados durante o Iluminismo português que utilizavam o aparato repressivo da Inquisição para eliminar seus competidores mais rústicos e (na sua maioria) iletrados: os curandeiros populares. Baseia-se em documentação de numerosos arquivos em Lisboa, Évora e Londres. O que está no cerne deste livro - e o distingue - é a análise da equação de interesses envolvidos na perseguição a curandeiros na Inquisição portuguesa. O autor demonstra que, por trás dessas perseguições, havia uma concorrência: de um lado, uma classe emergente de profissionais médicos formados; de outro, praticantes da cura nas comunidades. Sob a crescente influência dos primeiros, aumentam as hostilidades contra os segundos, aos quais são imputadas acusações e aplicados castigos