Morfología del polen de especies neotropicales de Podostemum (Podostemaceae)

Pollen morphology of neotropical species of Podostemum (Malpighiales: Podostemaceae). Pollen morphology of neotropical species of Podostemum is described for the first time with light (LM) and scanning electronic microscopes (SEM), using pollen dehydration by critical point. Herbarium specimens under study are P. comatum, P. distichum, P. muelleri and P. rutifolium. Pollen grains are dispersed in dyads. Observed with LM, dyads range from 21 to 31μm in lengh and 12 to 18μm wide. Individual pollen grains are radially symmetrical spheroidal to subprolate, and have a tricolpate aperture. The exine is tectate, psilate, with an infratectal structure formed by simple columella under the tectum. With SEM, an abundant pollen surface coat is observed all over the pollen grains, mainly in the two grains dyad contact zone. This pollen coat would protect the grains from dehydration because the environments in which these plants grow have important water variation and pollination is not zoophilic. The shared dyad wall shows bridges that partially fusion the exines, forming calymate dyads. Some dyads bear the apertures aligned between grains and some not. The transverse condition of the aperture or aperture in "L" that occurs in the four studied species is described for the first time. It is interpreted as a trend of the genus to espiroaperture. This change in the aperture would be associated with phenology because it is a genus with very short flowering and anthesis, generally a day of anthesis in the dry season. The spiroaperture increases the chances of germination sites and would also have a harmomegata role in an environment with water changes favoring the reproductive success.Walls have a microechinate sculpture, with or without pads at the base of the microechinae. Size of ornamental processes differs, and the colpus membrane has similar ornamentation to that of the non apertural wall, but with larger processes. Individual morphology of pollen grains is similar to that described for other family genera as Apinagia and Mourera. During previous stages of anthesis, the presence of cross tetrads was observed, also a new contribution for this genus. Rev. Biol. Trop. 58 (1): 81-88. Epub 2010 March 01.

La morfología del polen de cuatro especies neotropicales del género Podostemum (Podostemaceae) se describe aquí por primera vez mediante microscopía de luz y electrónica de barrido, utilizando material deshidratado en punto crítico. Se analizaron ejemplares de P. comatum, P. distichum, P. muelleri y P. rutifolium. Los granos de polen son dispersados en díades. Se encuentra abundante cobertura polínica, principalmente en la zona de contacto entre los dos granos de la díada. En la pared compartida entre los granos se presentan puentes de ectexina que fusionan parcialmente las exinas. Los granos individuales son radialmente simétricos y tricolpados. En algunas díades las aberturas están alineadas entre los granos y en otras no. Se describe por primera vez la condición abertura transversal, que fue observada en las cuatro especies estudiadas, y que se interpreta como tendencia del género a espiroabertura. La escultura de la exina es microequinada con mamelones en la base. Los procesos ornamentales son de diferente tamaño. La membrana del colpo tiene una ornamentación similar a la pared adyacente del grano, pero los procesos tienen mayor tamaño. Se observaron tétrades decusadas en las etapas previas a la antesis, un dato hasta el momento no registrado para el género.

Orbicules diversity in Oxalis species from the province of Buenos Aires (Argentina)

Eleven Oxalis L. species from the province of Buenos Aires (Argentina) were investigated with scanning and transmission electron microscopes. We identified four different types and two subtypes of orbicules. We conclude that the close morphological similarity between these species is also reflected in their orbicules, and we suggest that the orbicules morphology may be a useful character in systematic studies.

Pollen morphology of Oxalis species from Buenos Aires province (Argentina)

Pollen morphology and the degree of pollen variability within nine species and two varieties of Oxalis species from Buenos Aires Province (Argentina) were studied using light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Oxalis pollen grain is generally 3-colpate and the shape is prolate spheroidal, oblate spheroidal or spheroidal. The exine is microreticulate. The brochi are circular to polygonal; brochi sizes decrease near the colpi. The colpus membrane observed in unacetolysed material, is crustate or granular. The colpus length varies within a species; the largest grains are produced in stamens with long filaments and the smallest ones in stamens with short filaments. Four pollen types are distinguished by means of LM, SEM and TEM. They are recognized mostly on the basis of their colpus membrane structure. In conclusion, the morphological similarity among Oxalis species is also reflected in their pollen morphology.

Colleters in Caryocar brasiliense (Caryocaraceae) ontogenesis, ultrastructure and secretion

Os coléteres são amplamente distribuídos, com registros de sua ocorrência em diversas taxas, entretanto há apenas um registro de sua ocorrência na família Caryocaraceae, à qual pertence Caryocar brasiliense. Com o objetivo de descrever a distribuição, estrutura e ultra-estrutura dos coléteres de C. brasiliense, amostras de ápices caulinares com estípulas em várias fases de desenvolvimento foram coletadas, fixadas e processadas para estudos em microscopia de luz e eletrônica de transmissão e varredura. Os coléteres ocorrem exclusivamente na face adaxial das estípulas e diferenciam-se nas estípulas mais jovens, mantendo-se funcionais até a senescência. As estípulas são caducas, caindo antes do início da expansão das folhas. A secreção dos coléteres é abundante, preenchendo todo o espaço delimitado pela estípula. A origem dos coléteres é mista, envolvendo a protoderme e o meristema fundamental, sendo, portanto, considerados como emergências e não tricomas. Nesta espécie, os coléteres são digitiformes, formados por uma coluna de células centrais, não secretoras e por um epitélio secretor cujas células estão dispostas em paliçada. As células do epitélio secretor apresentam citoplasma denso, segmentos de retículo endoplasmático rugoso, ribossomos livres, mitocôndrias e abundância de dictiossomos, dos quais partem inúmeras vesículas possivelmente carregadas com produtos de secreção. As células centrais do coléter apresentam núcleo pouco volumoso e lobado, com nucléolo inconspícuo; o citoplasma é pouco denso, floculado e o vacuoma desenvolvido. Dentre as organelas presentes, destacam-se as mitocôndrias e segmentos de retículo endoplasmático rugoso. Há evidências de secreção granulócrina e do envolvimento dos coléteres com a proteção do meristema apical e folhas nos estádios iniciais do desenvolvimento.

Ubisch bodies and pollen ontogeny in Oxalis articulata Savigny

The correlation between the ontogeny of Ubisch bodies and pollen development in Oxalis articulata was studied with Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The ultrastructural changes observed during the different stages of development in the tapetal cells are related to Ubisch bodies, sporopollenin and pollen-kitt formation. The pro-orbicules have the appearance of lipid globuli and their formation is related to the endoplasmic reticulum of rough type (ERr). The lipid globules or pro-orbicules disappear in the mature Ubisch bodies, and the places that they occupied remain free of contents or with pollen-kitt.