A network pharmacology approach to assess Reno-protective and -curative effects of methanolic extract of Malva neglecta Wallr in gentamicin induced renal toxicity rat model

Abstract The aim of present study was to explore protective and curative effects of Malve neglecta on kidneys. In silco study with network pharmacology was performed to find out potential target organs, genes and cellular cell lines which confirmed kidneys as target organ of phyto-constituents present in Malva neglecta extract. Gentamicin (40 mg/kg, i.p) was given to induce renal toxicity. Prophylactic study was performed with 300-, 600- and 900 mg/kg doses to find out nephro-protective and -curative effects and curative potential was evaluated at 900 mg/kg dose. Renal function biomarkers, blood urea, BUN, serum creatinine and uric acid, and oxidative stress measuring biomarkers, SOD, CAT, GSH and MDA levels in kidney homogenate were quantified at the end of study. Treatment groups showed decrease in blood urea, BUN, serum creatinine and uric acid levels dose dependently and curative group also showed decline in these biomarkers. SOD, CAT, GSH levels were increased and MDA level decreased in treatment groups significantly as compared to toxic control which revealed the role of oxidative stress in renal damage and anti-oxidant power of MN. Data suggested that use of MN along with drugs causing renal toxicity may prove beneficial due to its nephro- protective and curative effects.

Influência de diferentes concentrações dos fitorreguladores ácido 6-benzilaminopurina e ácido naftalenoacético na propagação vegetativa de Malva sylvestris L / Effect of different BAP and NAA concentration on microprapagation of Malva (Malva sylvestris L. )

Malva sylvestris L. (família Malvaceae), conhecida como malva, é uma espécie medicinal nativa da Europa, cultivada no sul do Brasil. A espécie tem propriedade adstringente, suaviza a irritação dos tecidos e reduz inflamações, entre outras características e atributos medicinais. O estudo teve como objetivo verificar a eficiência dos hormônios ANA (ácido naftalenoacético) e BAP (ácido 6-Benzilaminopurina) na propagação vegetativa a partir do estabelecimento in vitro de segmentos nodais. Segmentos nodais obtidos de plantas matrizes mantidas em casa de vegetação foram submetidos à desinfestação e inoculados em meio MS (Murashige e Skoog) com diferentes concentrações e combinações de ANA (ácido naftalenoacético) e BAP (ácido 6-Benzilaminopurina) totalizando oito tratamentos com 60 repetições cada. Os explantes foram mantidos em sala de crescimento e, ao completar sete dias, as plântulas obtidas foram retiradas e avaliadas quanto ao número de folhas, altura total (cm) e massa fresca (g). As plântulas foram fixadas em substrato "Big bio" e transferidas para casa de vegetação com nebulização. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à Análise de Variância, seguido pelo Teste de Tukey. As plântulas obtidas em meio MS acrescido de 2,0 mg/Lˉ¹ de BAP e de 0,5 mg/Lˉ¹ de ANA foram as que apresentaram maior média nas três variáveis avaliadas, sendo então o mais indicado para a produção de mudas. Em 10 dias foi observado o enraizamento de todas as plântulas transferidas para casa de vegetação. A aclimatização e o enraizamento ex vitro ocorrem em uma única etapa sem a necessidade da utilização de enraizadores. A técnica desenvolvida demonstra a possibilidade de produção de mudas com custos reduzidos, em larga escala, e com a garantia de fornecer mudas aptas para o cultivo em apenas 17 dias

Effect of different BAP and NAA concentrations on malva (Malva sylvestris L.) micropropagation. Malva sylvestris L. (Malvaceae family), known as mallow, is a medicinal species native toEurope, and it is grown in southern Brazil. It has astringent properties and can sooth tissue irritation and reduce inflammations among other medicinal characteristics. The study aimed to verify the efficiency of the hormones NAA (naphthalene acetic acid) and BAP (6-Benzilaminopurine acid) in propagating the species from establishing in vitro nodal segments. Nodal segments obtained from mother plants kept in greenhouses were disinfected and inoculated in MS medium with different concentrations and combinations of BAP and NAA, amounting to 8 processes with 60 repetitions each. The explants were kept in growth rooms, and after seven days the resulting seedling were removed and assessed regarding the number of leaves, total height (cm) and fresh mass (g). Subsequently, the seedling were fixed on the substrate "Big bio" and transferred to greenhouses with nebulization. The data obtained was subjected toVariance Analysis, followed by the Tukey's test. In 10 days,rooting could be observed in all the plantules transferred to the greenhouse. The plantules obtained in MS medium thatreceived 2.0mg/L-1 BAP and 0.5 mg/L-1 NAA were the ones that presented the highest average in the three variables assessed, therefore the most recommended to producing seedlings of this species. The ex vitro acclimatization and rooting occur in a single phase without the need of root promoters. The technique developed shows that it is possible to produce seedlings of this species at reduced costs, in large scale and with the guarantee to supply seedlings that can be planted in only 17 days.