Atitudes e crenças de médicos ginecologistas- -obstetras e de pacientes do Hospital Universitário de Brasília sobre o rastreamento cervical e o exame pélvico / Attitudes and beliefs of obstetrician-gynecologists and patients at the University Hospital of Brasília about cervical screening and pelvic examination

Objetivo: Avaliar as atitudes e crenças de pacientes e médicos ginecologistas-obstetras sobre o rastreamento cervical e o exame pélvico no Hospital Universitário de Brasília (HUB). Métodos: Foram realizadas entrevistas com pacientes que aguardavam por uma consulta previamente agendada no ambulatório de ginecologia e com médicos ginecologistas-obstetras que atuavam no HUB. Cada grupo respondeu a um questionário que enfocava a realização do rastreamento cervical e do exame pélvico (EP). Resultados: No total, 387 pacientes responderam ao questionário. Dessas, apenas 4,13% sabiam que, de acordo com as diretrizes brasileiras, o rastreamento cervical deveria ser iniciado aos 25 anos de idade, 5,17% sabiam que ele deveria ser encerrado aos 64 anos e 97,93% esperavam um intervalo menor do que o trienal recomendado. Após serem informadas sobre as diretrizes, 66,93% acreditavam que o início aos 25 anos é tardio, 61,5%, que o encerramento aos 64 anos é precoce, 88,37%, que o intervalo trienal é muito longo e 94,06% ficaram com receio de que problemas de saúde pudessem aparecer nesse intervalo. Dos 44 médicos que responderam ao questionário, embora a maioria concordasse com as diretrizes, somente 31,82%, 38,64% e 34,1% as seguia com relação à frequência, à idade de início e à idade de encerramento, respectivamente. Quanto ao EP, aproximadamente metade dos participantes de cada grupo considerava que o exame deveria ser realizado nas consultas regulares com o ginecologista. Conclusão: Foi observada uma discrepância entre as expectativas das pacientes e as diretrizes para o rastreamento de câncer cervical. A maior parte das pacientes não as conhecia e, quando informadas, não concordava com elas. Quanto aos médicos ginecologistas- obstetras, a maioria não as seguia, apesar de conhecê-las. Quanto ao EP, grande parte dos médicos e pacientes considerava-o importante e acreditava que ele deveria ser realizado de forma rotineira nas consultas ginecológicas.

Objective: Evaluate the attitudes and beliefs of patients and obstetrician-gynecologists about cervical screening and pelvic examination in the University Hospital of Brasília (HUB). Methods: Face-to-face interviews with patients waiting for a previously scheduled consultation at the gynecology outpatient clinics and attending obstetrician-gynecologists at the HUB. Each group answered a questionnaire addressing cervical screening and pelvic examination (PE). Results: 387 patients answered the questionnaire. Of these, only 4.13% were aware that, according to Brazilian guidelines, cervical screening should begin at age 25, 5.17% that it should stop at age 64 and 97.93% expected a shorter interval than the recommended triennial. After being informed of the guidelines, 66.93% believed that starting at age 25 is late, 61.5% that stopping at 64 is early, 88.37% that the triennial interval is too long, and 94.06% would be afraid that health problems could appear during the interval. Of the 44 participating physicians, although most agreed with the guidelines, only 31.82%, 38.64% and 34.1% followed them regarding frequency, starting and stopping age, respectively. As for EP, approximately half of the participants in each group believed that it should be performed in regular consultations with the gynecologist. Conclusion: There was a discrepancy between patients' expectations and cervical screening guidelines. Most patients didn't know and, when informed, didn't agree with them. As for Ob-Gyn physicians, most did not follow these guidelines, despite knowing them. As for pelvic exam, most physicians and patients considered it important and believed it should be routinely performed during gynecological consultations.

A comparative cross-sectional assessment of the preventive and healthy life style practices of doctors in port Harcourt, Rivers State

Lifestyle modification in relation to disease prevention and outcome has recently received increasing awareness around the world and in Nigeria. Poor lifestyle choices make people susceptible to many chronic illnesses including thirteen cancers. Medical doctors are gate keepers and educators of health.Objectives:The aim of the study was to assess the level of knowledge of healthy living and preventive health among doctors in Port-Harcourt and ascertain the practices and to investigate the barriers and facilitators of healthy living among doctors in Port-Harcourt.Methods: It was a comparative cross-sectional study with purposive sampling method. The tool used was an online questionnaire. MS Excel and SPSS was used for data analysis. Ethical approval was obtained from UPTH ethical committee. Results: A total of 201 doctors participated. With 54.7% being females and 53.2% within the 30-40 years age group. Resident doctors accounted for 42.8%. 92% received some form of lifestyle education; seminars (48.1%), CME's (47.0%), and social media (44.9%) were the top three. Just 15.2% knew what the daily portion of fruit was and 82.6% knew the cut off for obesity. 50% were aware of the recommended exercise frequency. 60% concluded that adults should sleep for 7-9 hours, however, 61.2% slept for 4-6 hours a day. 84.6% of respondents did not have a dedicated physician.Conclusion: There is a knowledge gap among doctors which impacts everyday lifestyle choices regarding, diet, exercise and rest. More doctors need their own personal physicians and hospital management should establish strong lifestyle policies.

Diseño y validación de un cuestionario para medir prácticas preventivas de hantavirus en una comunidad endémica / Design and validation of a questionnaire to measure hantavirus preventive practices in an endemic community

RESUMEN Objetivo. Diseñar y analizar las evidencias de validez de contenido, estructura interna y fiabilidad de un cuestionario de prácticas preventivas de hantavirus en una comunidad endémica en el contexto panameño. Materiales y métodos. Estudio cuantitativo de diseño instrumental. Esta investigación se desarrolló en cuatro etapas: revisión de literatura, validez de contenido a través de juicio de expertos con el método de agregados individuales y el cálculo de la V de Aiken; prueba piloto y validación psicométrica, a través del análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y análisis de fiabilidad de las puntuaciones del instrumento con el alfa ordinal. Resultados. Se evidenció validez de contenido y se reportó valores de V de Aiken superiores a 0,70 en el límite inferior del intervalo de confianza al 95%. En la estructura interna se identificó que los 8 ítems subyacen a un solo factor que explica el 60,70% de la varianza total de la prueba y con cargas factoriales superiores a 0,40; en el análisis de fiabilidad se obtuvo un valor de alfa ordinal de 0,84, valor considerado como bueno. Conclusiones. El cuestionario de práctica preventivas de hantavirus es un instrumento breve que muestra propiedades psicométricas aceptables para medir las actividades o conductas que realizan las personas para prevenir el hantavirus.

ABSTRACT Objective. To design and analyze the evidence of content validity, internal structure, and reliability of a questionnaire of preventive practices for hantavirus in an endemic community in the Panamanian context. Material and methods. Quantitative study of instrumental design. This research was conducted in four phases: Literature review, content validity through expert judgment with the individual aggregate method and the calculation of the V Aiken, pilot test and psychometric validation, through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and reliability analysis of instrument scores with ordinal alpha. Results. Content validity was evidenced and V Aiken values higher than 0.70 were reported in the lower limit of 95% CI. In the internal structure we identified that the 8 items underlie a single factor that explains 60.70% of the total variance of the test and with factor loadings greater than 0.40; during the reliability analysis, we obtained an ordinal alpha value of 0.84, which is considered good. Conclusions. The Hantavirus preventive practical questionnaire is a brief instrument that shows acceptable psychometric properties to measure the activities or behaviors that people carry out to prevent hantavirus.

Medidas sanitárias de que a Bahia precisa: as Delegacias de Saúde, o Hospital de isolamento e a Reforma Sanitária em Salvador (1921-1930) / Sanitary measures that Bahia needs: the Health Police Stations, the Isolation Hospital and the Sanitary Reform in Salvador (1921-1930)

Analisa o papel das Delegacias de Saúde e do Hospital de Isolamento de Mont'Serrat, no processo da Reforma Sanitária que ocorreu na Bahia na década de 1920

Alterações em exames citopatológicos realizados em Unidade Básica de Saúde: um estudo analítico transversal / Alterations in cytopathological tests performed in a Basic Health Unit: a cross-cutting analytical study

Objetivo: Com o presente estudo, buscou-se verificar a quantidade de exames de colpocitologia oncótica coletados em Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) escolhida, determinar quantas e quais são as alterações encontradas nesses exames e quais foram as condutas e acompanhamentos realizados em pacientes com exames alterados. Métodos: Foram analisados 446 exames de colpocitologia oncótica realizados em uma UBS do centro-oeste do Paraná. As pacientes com exame alterado foram selecionadas e foi feita uma análise desses prontuários a fim de verificar a conduta e o acompanhamento dessas pacientes. Resultados: Foram encontrados 32 exames com alterações, sendo três de uma mesma paciente. Dessas 30 pacientes, a grande maioria correspondia a células escamosas atípicas de significado indeterminado (ASC-US), possivelmente não neoplásicas, e 28 pacientes retornaram para receber uma conduta inicial, sendo principalmente o encaminhamento para a coleta de novo preventivo em seis meses ao serviço de oncologia clínica. Conclusão: O presente estudo concluiu que a hipótese principal foi verdadeira, a qual foi descrita como prevalência significativa de lesões intraepiteliais de alto grau, embora não seja a mais frequente, e descontinuidade por parte das pacientes que obtiveram esse resultado. Além disso, notou-se grande encaminhamento à atenção terciária, o que não é indicado pelo Ministério da Saúde.(AU)

Objective: With the present study, we sought to verify the amount of cytopathological tests collected in the chosen basic health unit, to determine how many and what are the alterations found in these tests and what were the conducts and follow-ups performed in patients with altered exams. Methods: We analyzed 446 preventive tests performed in a basic health unit in the Midwest of Paraná, and patients with altered examination were selected and an analysis of these medical records was made in order to verify the conduct and follow-up of the patients. Results: Thirty-two tests with alterations were performed, 3 of which were the same patient. Of these 30 patients, the vast majority corresponded to atypical cells of squamous meaning ­ possibly non-neoplastic (ASC-US), and 28 patients returned to receive an initial approach, mainly being referred to the collection of preventive new in 6 months and to the clinical oncology service. Conclusion: The present study concluded that the main hypothesis was true, which was described as a significant prevalence of high-grade intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), although not the most frequent, and discontinuity on the part of the patients who obtained this result. In addition, there was a large referral to tertiary care, which is not indicated by the Ministry of Health.(AU)

Sex differences in Cardiovascular risk factors and management in a preventive Cardiology clinic at a tertiary referral center

Background@#Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in both genders worldwide. Gender differences in clinical presentation and treatment have been reported.@*Objective@#This study aims to describe and compare the cardiovascular risk factors and management strategies for primary prevention among Filipinos.@*Methods@#An analytical cross-sectional study was done on 2,082 patients at the Preventive Cardiology Clinic of a tertiary referral center in Quezon City, Philippines from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2017.@*Results@# Seventy-two percent of the patients were females with a higher mean age compared to males (57.67 + 10.50 vs 55.66 + 11.82, p 0.002). There were more women who were unemployed (75.2 vs 45.9, p<0.001). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of hypertension (68.6% vs 67.9%, p=0.542) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (19.8% vs 21.5%, p=0.437) in both genders. Beta blockers (24.1%), calcium channel blockers (22.9%) and angiotensin receptor blockers (22.1%) were the most commonly prescribed anti-hypertensive drugs. Biguanides were the most commonly prescribed glucose-lowering drug (11.3%). Compared to men, more women had dyslipidemia (51.8% vs 38.6%, p<0.001). Statins were more commonly prescribed in women (22.4 vs 18.1%, p=0.033).@*Conclusion@#There were significantly more women seen in our Preventive Cardiology clinic. Smoking and alcoholic drinking were higher in males. BMI, total cholesterol and HDL were significantly higher in females than in males.

Vigilância ativa do câncer de próstata - um conceito em evolução / Active surveillance of prostate cancer - an ongoing concept

A vigilância ativa é a solução encontrada pela urologia para a condução de tumores prostáticos com características de pouca agressividade. Desenvolvida especialmente após as polêmicas que envolveram a validade do rastreamento, essa abordagem vem sendo consolidada como a melhor maneira de se evitar o tratamento desnecessário do câncer de próstata e precisa ser compreendida por todos os médicos que lidam com a saúde do homem.

Active surveillance is the solution found by urology to deal with low-aggressivity prostate tumours. Having been developed following controversies over screening strategies, this has been considered the best approach to avoid unnecessary treatment of prostate cancer and such a concept needs to be well understood by every medical doctor who deals with men's health.

Perspectives of African American women about barriers to breast cancer prevention and screening practices: A qualitative study

Breast cancer is a severe illness that often has fatal consequences. Adherence to the recommendations for breast cancer surveillance is poorly practiced among African American women. The study aimed to identify barriers to preventative screening for breast cancer among African American women (AAW) using a qualitative research design. We explored the influence of personal barriers,stereotypes, socioeconomic status, culture, attitudes, and beliefs on African American women's behavior regarding breast cancer screening. Fourteen African American women were interviewed. Data analysis was completed with Interpretative Phenomenology Approach (IPA). This study's findings demonstrated that African American women perceived the barriers to breast cancer screening include lack of information about available resources, belief that screening cannot change genetic predisposition, embarrassment from exposing the breast for a mammogram, fear of mammograms, and fear of a positive result. These findings may be used to develop interventions to increase AAW's participation in breast cancer screening. (Afr J Reprod Health 2022; 26[7]: 22-28).

Análisis de la Cartilla Nacional de Salud como método de valoración centrado en la prevención / Analysis of the Medical Card as a method of assessment focused on prevention

Introducción: el proceso de atención de enfermería es la aplicación del método científico en la práctica asistencial enfermera, lo que permite cuidar de una forma racional, lógica y sistemática. Objetivo: analizar la Cartilla Nacional de Salud como herramienta metodológica para valorar al paciente en el primer nivel de atención con aplicabilidad a los planes de cuidados de enfermería. Metodología: estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal, efectuado de agosto a septiembre de 2019 en un hospital de primer nivel, con un muestreo probabilístico aleatorio de 67 pacientes que acudieron a Consulta de Atención Preventiva Integrada. Se elaboró una rúbrica analítica de evaluación basada en las seis dimensiones de la Cartilla Nacional de Salud. Mediante una escala ordinal se evaluó el cumplimiento de los tipos de datos en la valoración. Se analizó si cada dimensión lleva a realizar un diagnóstico enfermero. Resultados: de la muestra analizada de 67 expedientes, el 63% (42) perteneció al sexo femenino; el 29.9% (20) tenía entre 0-9 años, el 11.9% (8) entre 10-19 años y el 49.3% (39) de 20-59 años; el 9% (6) eran mujeres embarazadas. El número de diagnósticos de enfermería elaborados por paciente fue de uno en 44.8% (30), dos en 32.8% (22) y tres en 22.4% (15). Conclusión: según los resultados obtenidos, se puede determinar que la Cartilla Nacional de Salud es ideal para realizar una previa valoración con enfoque preventivo, cuenta con los diferentes tipos de datos requeridos y además presenta congruencia metodológica para la elaboración de diagnósticos de enfermería según la taxonomía propuesta por la North American Nursing Diagnosis Association.

Introduction: Nursing care process (NCP) is the application of scientific method in nursing care practice, which allows to provide care in a rational, logical and systematic way. Objective: To analyze the Medical Card (MC) as a methodological tool for the assessment of patients in the first level of care with applicability to nursing care plans. Methods: descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study, carried out from August to Sep- tember 2019 in a first-level hospital, with a random probability sampling with 67 patients who attended the Integrated Preventive Care Consultation. An analytical evaluation rubric was developed based on the 6 dimensions of MC. By using an ordinal scale, compliance with the types of data in the evaluation was evaluated. It was analyzed whether each dimension leads to the execution of a nursing diagnosis. Results: Out of the analyzed sample of 67 files, 63% (42) were female; 29.9% (20) were 0-9 years; 11.9% (8) 10-19 years and 49.3% (39) 20-59 years; 9% (6) were pregnant women. The number of nursing diagnoses made per patient was 1 in 44.8% (30), 2 in 32.8% (22) and 3 in 22.4% (15). Conclusion: According to the results obtained, it can be determined that MC is ideal to carry out a previous assessment with a preventive approach, it has the different types of data required, and also presents methodological congruence for the elaboration of nursing diagnoses according to the taxonomy proposed by the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association.

Avaliação da qualidade dos vídeos sobre câncer de mama mais visualizados no YouTube: relevância para promoção da saúde da mulher / Quality assessment of the most watched breast cancer videos on YouTube: relevance to improve women's health / Evaluación de la calidad de los videos sobre el cáncer de mama más vizualizados en YouTube: relevancia para promover la salud de la mujer

O câncer de mama é uma das principais enfermidades que acomete a saúde das mulheres no mundo e as estratégias destinadas à melhoria do acesso das mulheres às informações sobre prevenção são fundamentais. O objetivo do estudo apresentado neste artigo foi avaliar a qualidade de vídeos relacionados ao tema do câncer de mama. A busca dos vídeos ocorreu a partir da palavra-chave 'câncer de mama' na plataforma YouTube. Os dados referentes às informações de cunho técnico foram obtidos por meio da análise das informações contidas na descrição dos vídeos e, posteriormente, foi realizada sua análise de conteúdo. Para serem analisados, foram extraídos os 200 primeiros vídeos mais vistos. A maioria (72%) e aqueles com intuito de divulgar conteúdo informativo ao leigo (73%) e com foco na prevenção secundária (71,5%) são considerados ruins ou péssimos (53%). Conclui-se, que o YouTube se apresenta como uma ferramenta limitada a ser utilizada no processo de educação de mulheres visando ao controle do câncer de mama.

Breast cancer is one of the main diseases that affect the health of women in the world and strategies aimed at improving women's access to information on prevention are fundamental. The objective of the study presented in this article was to assess the quality of some videos related to breast cancer. The videos were searched using the keyword 'breast cancer' on the YouTube platform. The data referring to the technical information was obtained through the analysis of the information contained in the description of the videos and subsequently their content analysis was carried out. The first 200 most viewed videos were extracted for analysis. The majority (72%) and those aiming to disseminate informative content to laypeople (73%) and focusing on secondary prevention (71.5%) are considered bad or very bad (53%). It was concluded that YouTube is a limited tool to be used in the process of educating women about the control of breast cancer.

El cáncer de mama es una de las principales enfermedades que afectan la salud de las mujeres en el mundo y las estrategias destinadas a mejorar el acceso de las mujeres a la información sobre prevención son fundamentales. El objetivo del estudio presentado en este artículo fue evaluar la calidad de videos relacionados con el tema del cáncer de mama. Los videos fueran buscados utilizando la palabra clave 'cáncer de mama' en la plataforma de YouTube. Los datos referentes a la información técnica se obtuvieron mediante el análisis de la información contenida en la descripción de los videos y posteriormente se realizó su análisis de contenido. Fueron extraídos los primeros 200 videos más vistos para hacer su análisis. La mayoría (72%) y aquellos que tienen la finalidad de difundir contenidos informativos al lego en la materia (73%) y enfocon la prevención secundaria (71,5%) son considerados de poca calidade o pésimos (53%). Se concluye que YouTube se revela una herramienta limitada para ser utilizada en el proceso de educación de las mujeres destinada al control del cáncer de mama.

"Lições para o professorado": o curso Educação Sanitária (Higiene e Medicina Preventiva) e a formação da professora na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, 1929-1930 / "Lessons for teachers: " the Health Education (Hygiene and Preventive Medicine) course and teacher training in Rio de Janeiro, 1929-1930

Resumo O artigo analisa o curso Educação Sanitária (Higiene e Medicina Preventiva), idealizado pelo médico-chefe do Serviço de Inspeção Médica e da Assistência Dentária Escolar, Oscar Clark, em 1929. Problematiza a concepção de formação de professor que se instituiu a fim de produzir uma "cruzada saneadora" pelas escolas da capital federal. Parte-se da compreensão de que o curso se configurou em lócus a partir do qual se enunciaram lições de caráter educativo-higiênico, funcionando como espaço de prescrição médica, pedagógica e científica. A concepção que orienta a análise é a de que o curso fez parte das estratégias da Diretoria de Instrução (1927-1930), visando estabelecer um ethos normativo e educativo às práticas ordinárias das professoras.

Abstract This article analyzes the course in health education (Hygiene and Preventive Medicine) developed in 1929 by Oscar Clark, head doctor of the Medical Inspection and School Dental Care Service. We investigate the concept of teacher training implemented in schools in Rio de Janeiro (then Brazil's capital) to create a "health crusade." We start from the understanding that the course emerged in locus and produced lessons on education and hygiene, acting as a prescriptive space for medicine, pedagogy, and science, remembering that the course was part of the strategies of the Board of Instruction (1927-1930) to establish a normative and educational ethos for everyday teaching practices.

Chequeo preventivo basado en la evidencia / Evidence-based health check

Un chequeo preventivo se define como el contacto entre un profesional de salud y una persona asintomática en el que se realizan varias pruebas de tamizaje para evaluar su salud con el objetivo de reducir la morbimortalidad. No obstante, la evidencia científica demuestra que realizar varias pruebas de tamizaje es poco probable que sea beneficioso para ese objetivo y cada examen debe ofrecerse de manera individualizada considerando riesgos y beneficios. Los objetivos de esta revisión son describir la utilidad de estos chequeos, revisar brevemente acciones preventivas y formular grados de recomendación, pudiendo así el lector reconocer las recomendaciones preventivas basadas en evidencia en un adulto sano. En el presente artículo se sintetizan recomendaciones utilizando la metodología GRADE en su formulación. Si bien la mayoría de las recomendaciones revisadas tienen evidencia de moderada a alta certeza, es importante considerar algunas distinciones al momento de ofrecer las acciones preventivas. Luego de este esfuerzo académico, queda en evidencia la necesidad de constituir una organización formal dedicada a la revisión, elaboración y actualización de recomendaciones preventivas en nuestro país, así como evaluar el impacto de estas acciones en cuanto a resultados de salud.

A general health check is defined as the contact between a health professional and an asymptomatic person where several screening tests are performed to assess general health with the aim of reducing morbidity and mortality. However, scientific evidence shows that performing several screening tests are unlikely to be beneficial for those outcomes and each test should be individualized considering risks and benefits.The objectives of this review are to describe the usefulness of these checks, briefly review preventive actions, and formulate degrees of recommendation, thus allowing the reader to recognize evidence-based preventive recommendations in a healthy adult.In this article, recommendations are synthesized using the GRADE methodology in its formulation. While most of the recommendations reviewed have moderate to high certainty evidence, it is important to consider some distinctions when offering preventive actions.After this academic effort, the need to establish a formal organization dedicated to the review, preparation and updating of preventive recommendations in our country is evident, as well as evaluating the impact of these actions in terms of health outcomes

CHECKEATE, aplicación tecnológica en la prevención y tratamiento de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles / CHECKEATE, a technological application for the prevention and treatment of chronic non-communicable diseases

La falta de cultura preventiva y un diagnóstico precoz oportuno representan dos de los factores más importantes a considerar en la prevención y tratamiento de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles a nivel mundial, por lo que la tecnología móvil constituye una alternativa que bien puede ser utilizada en la medicina preventiva. En este sentido, el presente artículo tuvo como objetivo validar una aplicación tecnológica que permita realizar el diagnóstico de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, utilizando el dispositivo móvil. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, que utilizó la encuesta como técnica y el cuestionario como instrumento para la recolección de la información en una muestra de 60 personas mayores de 18 años, todos usuarios de la red social Facebook, quienes seguían la página https://es-la.facebook.com/DrLuisPacoraCamargo/. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron demostrar que el 57,1 por ciento de los encuestados presentaba edades comprendidas entre los 21 y 40 años de edad, de los cuales el 88,3 por ciento reportó que utilizaba internet diariamente; el 53,3 por ciento respondió que utilizaba sus dispositivos frecuentemente para comunicarse a través de las redes sociales; el 53,4 por ciento de los encuestados había descargado un aplicativo relacionado con la salud y, finalmente, el 82,8 por ciento de las personas respondió tener conocimiento del término de medicina preventiva y, que de tener información en sus dispositivos móviles, la utilizaría con frecuencia. En conclusión, el diseño e implementación de un servicio de salud a través de los dispositivos móviles, como el CHECKEATE, es viable en un mercado joven, potencialmente interesado en temas de salud preventiva(AU)

Lack of a preventive culture and of timely early diagnosis are two of the most important factors to be considered in the prevention and treatment of chronic non-communicable diseases worldwide. Mobile technology is therefore an alternative which could very well be used in preventive medicine. The purpose of the study was to validate a technological application for the diagnosis of chronic non-communicable diseases using a mobile device. A descriptive study was conducted based on the survey as technique and the questionnaire as data collection tool. The sample was 60 people aged over 18 years, all of them users of the social network Facebook, who follow the webpage https://es-la.facebook.com/DrLuisPacoraCamargo/. Results show that 57.1 percent of the respondents were aged 21-40 years; 88.3 percent reported using the Internet daily; 53.3 percent that they used their devices frequently for communication through social networks; 53.4 percent had downloaded a health-related application, and 82.8 percent were familiar with the term "preventive medicine" and would used it more frequently if they had more information on their mobile devices. In conclusion, design and implementation of a health service through mobile devices, as is the case with CHECKEATE, would be viable in a young market potentially interested in preventive health topics(AU)

Los sistemas de alerta temprana, una herramienta que fortalece la vigilancia epidemiológica en el marco de la seguridad y salud en el trabajo / Early Warning Systems, A Tool That Strengthens Epidemiological Surveillance within the Framework of Occupational Health and Safety / Os sistemas de alerta precoce, um instrumento para reforçar a vigilância epidemiológica no âmbito da saúde e segurança no trabalho

Introducción: Las enfermedades y los accidentes laborales no solo reducen la productividad y la capacidad de trabajo, sino que también generan altos costos para los trabajadores, empresas, familias, el sistema de salud y la sociedad, motivo por el cual en los últimos años se han convertido en un problema de salud pública que preocupa a las empresas y al gobierno, porque se requiere un enfoque preventivo y anticipado integral. Objetivo: compilar información actualizada y relevante acerca de los sistemas de alerta temprana que puedan aplicarse en el marco de la vigilancia epidemiológica en la seguridad y salud en el trabajo. Materiales y métodos: Revisión narrativa de la literatura, a partir de la búsqueda en diferentes bases de datos de artículos publicados durante 2016-2021. Los documentos seleccionados fueron artículos originales, de revisión, guías de manejo, implementación y legislación nacional, que abordan los temas de inteligencia epidemiológica, sistemas de alerta temprana y seguridad y salud ocupacional. Resultados: Los sistemas de alerta temprana son herramientas que permiten proveer una información oportuna y eficaz que ayuda a los individuos expuestos a tomar decisiones para evitar o reducir el riesgo. Conclusiones: La implementación de un sistema de alerta temprana en las empresas ayudará a disminuir los tiempos desde la identificación del riesgo hasta la respuesta y, así, con una mayor oportunidad de control, se in-fluirá en la salud de los trabadores, la producción y finanzas de la empresa

Introduction: Occupational diseases and accidents not only reduce productivity and work capacity, but also generate high costs for workers, companies, families, the health system, and society, which is why in recent years they have become a public health problem, which worries companies and the government, and achieving a longer and healthier working life has become increasingly difficult, re-quiring a comprehensive anticipatory and preventive approach. Objective: Conduct an exploratory review of relevant information about Early Warning Systems that can be applied in the framework of epidemiological surveillance in occupational health and safety. Materials and methods: Conduct an exploratory review of were carried out in different databases of articles published during 2016-2021. The documents that were selected in their original articles, review, management guides, implementation, and national legislation, which address the issues of epidemiological intelligence, early warning systems and occupational health and safety. Results: The Early Warning Systems are tools that provide timely and effective information that helps subjects exposed to a threat to make decisions to avoid or reduce the risk. Conclusions: The implementation of an early warning system in companies will help reduce the times from risk identification to response and thus have a greater opportunity for control, thus impacting the health of workers, the production, and finances of the company

154Volumen 8 • Número 1 • Enero - Junio 2021 • ISSN 2389-7325 • e-ISSN: 2539-2018Víctor Zein Rizo Tello, Astrid Maribel Aguilera Becerra, Laura Ximena Ramírez LópezOs sistemas de alerta precoce, um instrumento para reforçar a vigilância epidemiológica no âmbito da saúde e segurança no trabalhoRESUMOIntrodução: As doenças e acidentes de trabalho não só reduzem a produtividade e a capacidade de trabalho, como também geram custos elevados para os trabalhadores, as empresas, as famílias, o sistema de saúde e a sociedade, razão pela qual nos últimos anos se tornaram um problema de saúde pública que preocupa as empresas e o governo, porque é necessária uma abordagem preventiva, antecipada e integral. Objetivo: Compilar informação atualizada e relevante sobre os sistemas de alerta precoce que podem ser aplicados no âmbito da vigilância epidemiológica em segurança e saúde ocupacional. Materiais e métodos: Revisão narrativa da literatura, a partir da pesquisa em diferentes bases de dados de artigos publicados durante 2016-2021. Os documentos selecionados foram artigos origi-nais, artigos de revisão, orientações de gestão, execução e legislação nacional, abordando os tópicos da inteligência epidemiológica, sistemas de alerta precoce e saúde e segurança no trabalho. Resultados: Os sistemas de alerta precoce são ferramentas que fornecem informações oportunas e eficazes para ajudar os indivíduos expostos a tomar decisões para evitar o reduzir o risco. Conclusões: A aplicação de um sistema de alerta precoce nas empresas ajudará a reduzir o tempo desde a identificação do risco até a resposta e, assim, com uma maior probabilidade de controle, se influenciará na saúde dos trabalhadores, na produção e nas finanças da empresa

Cuidados cirúrgicos durante a pandemia mundial do COVID-19: rotinas alternativas para minimizar os riscos / Surgical care during worldwide COVID-19 pandemic: alternative routines aimed at minimizing the risks

A pandemia do COVID-19, causada por um novo coronavírus, tem preocupado autoridades e profissionais da saúde. Pouco se sabe ainda sobre a doença ou seu agente etiológico, motivo pelo qual muitas das condutas tomadas são empíricas. Os profissionais de saúde envolvidos no cuidado cirúrgico estão sujeitos a um grande risco, devido à exposição a diversos tipos de secreção. Os pacientes cirúrgicos também estão expostos a um risco elevado de contraírem a doença no pós-operatório, com repercussão na morbi-mortalidade. Portanto, alguns cuidados são fundamentais na prevenção, tanto para profissionais quanto para pacientes. Muitos serviços estão desenvolvendo seus próprios protocolos, com algumas diferenças, tendo em vista o baixo nível de evidência para as recomendações. Neste artigo apresentaremos algumas condutas sugeridas para o cuidado no pré, per e pós-operatório, de forma a minimizar os riscos envolvidos.

The increasing pandemic of COVID-19, caused by a new coronavirus, has challenged authorities and health care professionals. Most preventive measures are empirical, due to the small amount of information on the disease and etiological agent so far. Surgical care professionals are exposed to a greater risk, owing to manipulation of all kind of discharge. Surgical patients are also at risk of developing this condition post-operatively, increasing their morbi-mortality. Hence, preventive care is vital both for professionals and patients. Each surgical team is developing its own protocol, with some differences between them, due to the low level of evidence for the recommendation. In this article we will present some suggested measures for the pre, per and post-operative care, in order to minimize the risks involved.

Telessaúde e Covid-19: experiências da enfermagem e psicologia em Foz do Iguaçu / Telehealth and Covid-19: experiences of nursing and psychology in Foz do Iguaçu

A pandemia do novo coronavírus mostrou a necessidade da utilização de meios tecnológicos no exercício das atividades que envolvem a atenção à saúde. Nesse sentido, pretende-se relatar as atividades desenvolvidas em uma Central de Telessaúde com intervenções de Enfermagem e Psicologia no enfrentamento à Covid-19. Utilizou-se o método de estudo descritivo do tipo relato de experiência, desenvolvido em um projeto de extensão em uma universidade estadual localizada no extremo oeste do Paraná (Unioeste), no município de Foz do Iguaçu. Para este relato constam as atividades desenvolvidas entre abril e julho de 2020. Os resultados revelaram que as intervenções realizadas, tais como escuta qualificada, orientações e encaminhamentos, permitiram a manutenção dos cuidados de prevenção e promoção à saúde. Conclui-se que a experiência vivenciada nos possibilitou perceber que é possível prestar atendimentos na área de Enfermagem e Psicologia mediante uso de tecnologia remota, para evitar maiores agravos na saúde da população. (AU)

The new coronavirus pandemic showed the need to use technological means to carry out activities that involve health care. In this sense, we intend to report the activities developed in a Telehealth Center with Nursing and Psychology interventions to face Covid-19. We used the descriptive study method of the type of experience report, developed in an extension project in a state university located in the extreme west of Paraná (Unioeste), in the city of Foz do Iguaçu. This report includes the activities developed between April and July 2020. The results showed that the interventions performed, such as qualified listening, guidelines and referrals, allowed the maintenance of preventive care and health promotion. It is concluded that the experience made it possible for us to realize that it is possible to provide care in the area of Nursing and Psychology through the use of remote technology, to avoid further damage to the population's health. (AU)