Typical and atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli bacterial translocation associated with tissue hypoperfusion in rats

Although enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) are well-recognized diarrheal agents, their ability to translocate and cause extraintestinal alterations is not known. We investigated whether a typical EPEC (tEPEC) and an atypical EPEC (aEPEC) strain translocate and cause microcirculation injury under conditions of intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Bacterial translocation (BT) was induced in female Wistar-EPM rats (200-250 g) by oroduodenal catheterization and inoculation of 10 mL 10(10) colony forming unit (CFU)/mL, with the bacteria being confined between the duodenum and ileum with ligatures. After 2 h, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), liver and spleen were cultured for translocated bacteria and BT-related microcirculation changes were monitored in mesenteric and abdominal organs by intravital microscopy and laser Doppler flow, respectively. tEPEC (N = 11) and aEPEC (N = 11) were recovered from MLN (100 percent), spleen (36.4 and 45.5 percent), and liver (45.5 and 72.7 percent) of the animals, respectively. Recovery of the positive control E. coli R-6 (N = 6) was 100 percent for all compartments. Bacteria were not recovered from extraintestinal sites of controls inoculated with non-pathogenic E. coli strains HB101 (N = 6) and HS (N = 10), or saline. Mesenteric microcirculation injuries were detected with both EPEC strains, but only aEPEC was similar to E. coli R-6 with regard to systemic tissue hypoperfusion. In conclusion, overgrowth of certain aEPEC strains may lead to BT and impairment of the microcirculation in systemic organs.

Disseminated tuberculosis presenting as mesenteric and cerebral abscess in HIV infection: case report

Disseminated tuberculosis in HIV infection involves multiple organs. Pulmonary and lymph node involvement are the commonest form of tuberculosis in HIV infection [1, 2]. Other forms of tuberculosis in the absence of lung and lymph node involvement are rare. Various forms of abdominal [3, 4] and neurological [5, 6] tubercular involvement in HIV infection have been reported. But tuberculosis presenting simultaneously with mesenteric and brain abscess has not been reported yet. We report a case of disseminated tuberculosis presenting as mesenteric and cerebral abscess in a HIV case without involving lung and lymph nodes. Bone marrow smears and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) from mesenteric lesion were positive for acid fast bacilli (AFB) and the diagnosis of tuberculosis was confirmed by positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR). He responded well to treatment with anti tubercular drugs.

Microbial contamination of pig carcasses at a slaughterhouse in Vientiane capital, Lao PDR.

A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine microbial contamination of pig carcasses at a slaughterhouse in Vientiane, capital of Lao People Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). Between November 2004 and April 2005, 62 pig carcasses were randomly selected. From each carcass, pooled swabs (from "1" prior to and "2" after evisceration) and 25 g of tissue of mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) were collected. The swab samples were examined for Aerobic Plate Count (APC) and Enterobacteriaceae Counts (EBC) and cultured for Salmonella. The lymph nodes were cultured for Salmonella only. Swabs1 and 2 had mean APC of 4.70 and 4.85 log10CFU/cm2, respectively. These two means were significantly (p = 0.0001) different. The means of EBC were 2.81 log10CFU/cm2 for Swab 1, and 2.98 log10CFU/cm2 for Swab 2. The difference were also statistical significant (p = 0.0001). The frequency of Salmonella isolation from Swab 1 was 46.8%, for Swab 2 was 66.1%, and from mesenteric lymphnodes was 53.2%. Eight different Salmonella serotypes were identified. The most frequent (29.1%) serotype was S. Rissen, followed by S. Anatum (26.2%), S. Derby (18.4%), and S. Elisabethville (8.7%). The other serotypes identified were S. Amsterdam (7.8%), S. Typhimurium (4.9%), S. Agona (2.9%), and S. Enteritidis (1.9%). Results of this study showed the levels of contamination with aerobic bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae were higher than recommended standards, and the carcasses were contaminated with Salmonella.

Tuberculosis ganglionar retroperitoneal y mesenterica: caso clinico / Retro-peritoneal and mesenteric ganglionary tuberculosis: clinical case

Se describen las características del compromiso ganglionar por Mycobacterium tuberculosis en un paciente con SIDA en quien se demuestra alteraciones de linfonódulos retroperitoneales y mesentéricos en tomografía computada. Se discute las diferencias con el compromiso secundario a infección por Mycobacterium avium intracellulare y además el diagnóstico diferencial con otras formas de compromiso ganglionar.