Clinical analysis of combined immunotherapy in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To observe the present situation, efficacy and safety of immunotherapy in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Methods: The data of 39 patients with MPM in two centers from 2016 to 2021 were collected and the efficacy and safety were evaluated. According to the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), these patients, whose median clinical follow-up amounting to 18.97 months, were divided into immunotherapy group (19 cases) and control group (20 cases). Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test were used for the survival analysis. Results: The objective response rate (ORR) and the disease control rate (DCR) in the immunotherapy group is 21.05% and 79.0% respectively, compared with 10.0% and 55.0% in the control group; and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The median overall survival (OS) in the immunotherapy group was significantly longer than that in the control group (14.53 months vs 7.07 months, P=0.015), but there was no significant difference in the median progression free survival (PFS) between two groups (4.80 months vs 2.03 months, P=0.062). Single factor survival analysis showed that the nature of pleural effusion, pathological subtype and the efficacy of immunotherapy were related to both PFS and OS of the patients with MPM (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in immunotherapy group was 89.5% (17 out of 19 cases), and the most common adverse event was hematological toxicity (9 cases), followed by nausea and vomiting (7 cases), fatigue (6 cases) and skin damage (6 cases). Five patients had immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) related adverse reactions with grade 1-2. Conclusions: Patients with MPM have begun to receive immunotherapy in more than 2-line mainly combined chemotherapy in the real world, and the median treatment line is 2-line. Either combined with chemotherapy or anti-angiogenesis therapy, ICI inhibitors have significant efficacy, controllable adverse events and good clinical value.

Advances in Immunotherapy for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma / 中国肺癌杂志

Patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) usually present with poor prognosis and short survival period, and there has been a lack of effective treatment options for a long time. Chemotherapy has limited improvement in the clinical outcome of advanced patients (the median survival is less than one year), and it is difficult to find suitable targets for targeted therapy. Recent in-depth research on immunotherapy has changed the treatment pattern of MPM. Especially, the dual immunotherapy regimen significantly improved the survival outcome of patients across subgroups and prolonged the survival time of MPM patients. Therefore, it has been approved for unresectable MPM as first-line treatment for patients. The exploration of other mono or combo immunotherapy regimens in the first and second-line settings of MPM is also underway. How to identify the best beneficial population of each regimen through predictive biomarkers is also a hot spot for researchers. This article will focus on the most up-to-date progress of MPM epidemiology, histological characteristics, pathogenesis, treatment patterns and the advances of immunotherapy in the disease.
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Analysis of the Efficacy of Pemetrexed Maintenance Therapy in Patients with Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a highly aggressive disease arising from pleural mesothelial cells. Advanced pleural mesothelioma has a poor prognosis, with a median survival of no more than 15 months. First line standard chemotherapy regimen recommended is Pemetrexed based chemotherapy regimen, with or without bevacizumab. There is no consensus on whether patients who have received first-line standard chemotherapy can benefit from pemetrexed maintenance chemotherapy. The study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of pemetrexed maintenance therapy (PMT) after treatment with a pemetrexed and platinum regimen for patients with MPM.@*METHODS@#A total of 40 MPM patients were collected from Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from January 2013 to January 2018, eligible patients were unresectable MPM, without disease progression following 4 to 6 cycles of pemetrexed and platinum, including pemetrexed maintenance therapy group (22 cases) and observation group (18 cases). The last follow-up was conducted in January 2020. The primary endpoint were progression free survival (PFS), and the secondary end points were overall survival (OS), the efficacy, adverse reactions of PMT.@*RESULTS@#The median PFS in the PMT arm was longer than that in the observation arm (8.5 mon vs 3 mon, P=0.008), but there was no significant difference in median OS (26.4 mon vs 15.7 mon, P=0.177). Objective response rate (ORR) of two group were 22.7% and 0%, respectively. The grade 3-4 toxicity in PMT group included grade 4 neutropenia in 1 patient (4.5%), grade 3 neutropenia in 1 patient (4.5%), grade 4 anemia in 1 patient (4.5%) and grade 3 nausea and anorexia in 1 patient (4.5%).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Pemetrexed maintenance therapy following initial pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy improve PFS in patients with MPM, and is well tolerated.

Tratamento quimioterápico do mesotelioma pleural maligno: uma revisão sistemática / Chemotherapy treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma: a systematic review

Contexto - O mesotelioma pleural maligno é um tipo de câncer raro, agressivo e com uma expectativa de aumento na incidência até 2030. As melhores formas de diagnosticar,estadiar e tratar essa neoplasia continuam em debate. Objetivos - Estabelecer a evidência de eficácia e segurança dos diferentes esquemas quimioterápicos disponíveis para o tratamento do mesotelioma pleural maligno.Fontes de Dados - As bases bibliográficas utilizadas para a busca de artigos indexados foram Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Lilacs, Medline (via Pubmed), Scopus e Webof Science. Além disso, foram buscados estudos na literatura cinzenta.Critérios de Elegibilidade – Participantes: pacientes com mesotelioma pleural maligno virgens de tratamento quimioterápico; Intervenção: tratamento quimioterápico; Controle:tratamento quimioterápico ou controle ativo de sintomas; Desfechos: Tempo de sobrevida,tempo livre de progressão, resposta tumoral e toxicidade; Estudos: ensaios clínicos randomizados de fase II ou III.Resultados - Um total de nove estudos envolvendo treze esquemas terapêuticos preencheram os critérios para inclusão nesta revisão. Em relação à eficácia, o único esquema quimioterápico que se apresenta superior ao seu comparador com significância estatística nos três desfechos é cisplatina mais pemetrexede. Os outros esquemas que demonstraram superioridade, mas sem a significância estatística foram: cisplatina mais raltitrexede, vinorelbina e carboplatina mais pemetrexede. Em relação à toxicidade, cisplatinamais pemetrexede, cisplatina mais raltitrexede se destacaram negativamente...

Background - Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a rare and aggressive cancer with anexpected increase in the incidence by 2030. The best ways to diagnose, staging and treat this disease still under discussion.Objectives - To establish the evidence of efficacy and safety of different chemotherapy regimens available for the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Data Sources - The bibliographic databases used for the search of indexed articles were Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Lilacs, Medline (via Pubmed), Scopus and Web of Science. In addition, studies were sought in the gray literature. Study Eligibility Criteria - Participants: chemotherapy naïve patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma; Intervention: chemotherapy; Control: chemotherapy or active symptom control; Outcomes: survival time, progression-free time, tumor response and toxicity; Studies: phase II or III randomized clinical trials. Data Synthesis - A total of nine studies involving thirteen regimens met the criteria for inclusion in this review. Regarding efficacy, the only chemotherapy regimen that appears superior to their control group with statistical significance in the three outcomes is cisplatinplus pemetrexed. The other schemes that have shown superiority but without statistical significance were: cisplatin plus raltitrexed, vinorelbine and carboplatin plus pemetrexed. Regarding toxicity, cisplatin plus pemetrexed, cisplatin plus raltitrexed stood out negatively. Conclusions - The use of platinum more antifolate combination as first line chemotherapy ofmalignant pleural mesothelioma is in accordance with therapeutic guidelines and other systematic reviews published. Cisplatin and pemetrexed have preference over carboplatinand raltitrexed. Economic evaluations and a clinical study in Brazil are required to give foundation incorporating decision of antifolates in the routine treatment of this cancer...

Mesotelioma papilífero bem diferenciado do peritônio: relato de caso e revisão da literatura / Well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma of the peritoneum: case report and literature review

Mesotelioma papilífero bem diferenciado (MPBD) é um tumor incomum, geralmente assintomático, que pode ser encontrado incidentalmente no peritônio, apresentando-se como lesão nodular pequena múltipla ou solitária. Apesar de ser considerado indolente, apenas uma minoria dos casos apresenta sobrevida comprovada superior a dez anos. Relatamos um caso de uma mulher que, aos 44 anos, sem história de exposição a asbesto, apresentou sintomatologia de ascite e obstipação com tumoração em fundo de saco medindo 8,3 x 6 x 5,6cm. A biópsia do tumor revelou morfologia compatível com MPBD. Em função da impossibilidade de ressecção do tumor, a paciente foi submetida à quimioterapia. Evoluiu com sobrevida de 13 anos. O diagnóstico diferencial com tumor seroso do ovário foi estabelecido através da imuno-histoquímica (CK7+, Calretinina+, CK20-, CEA- e CD15-) e ultra-sonografia. Considerando tamanho do tumor, impossibilidade de ressecção e sintomatologia, esse caso tem sobrevida superior ao descrito na literatura.

Tumores malignos pleuropulmonares primitivos de la infancia / Malignant pleuropulmonary primary tumors in childhood

Se presentan 3 casos de tumores primitivos de origen pleuropulmonar:2 blastomas pleuropulmonares y un mesotelioma.Se obtuvieron inicialmente remisiones completas con quimioterapia convencional,cirugía y en uncaso se agregó radioterapia.Un paciente murió a los 14 meses y 2 están en progresión de enfermedad 12 y 14 meses después del diagnóstico.Terapia multimodal,cirugía,poliquimioterapia y radioterapia,juegan un rol importante en el tratamiento de estos tumores,sin embargo es insuficiente y no previenen la recurrencia local y/o metástasis.Se hace hincapié en el mal pronóstico de este tipo de tumores

Mesotelioma pleural maligno: experiencia del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (1935-1954)

Introducción: El mesotelioma pleural maligno (MPM) es una neoplasia casi invariablemente fatal, relaciónada la gran mayoría de las veces con la exposición a asbesto. La frecuencia de aparición de MPM es creciente en el mundo entero y, en nuestro país su aumento es alarmante. Sin embargo, hay pocos estudios que describan la experiencia con esta entidad en nuestro medio. Objetivo: Presentar la experiencia del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de Santafé de Bogotá en MPM. Diseño: estudio observacional descriptivo (serie de casos) Pacientes y Métodos: se revisaron los registros de pacientes con diagnóstico de MPM entre 1935 y 1994. Se escogieron 32 que tuvieron la información requerida. Las variables seleccionadas fueron analizadas estadísticamente por los métods de chi cuadrado, T de student, Kaplan-Meier, Log-Rank-Test y Cox. Resultados: Se diagnósticaron 32 pacientes con Mesotelioma Pleural Maligno. Veintidós (69 por ciento), consultaron en los últimos 6 años; fueron 24 hombres y 8 mujeres (relación 3:1), con edad promedio de 46,5 años (rango 6-76 años). El tiempo promedio de evolución de los síntomas fue de 8 meses (rango 1-72 meses). Se presentó disnea en 22 (69 por ciento) pacientes, dolor torácico en 21 (66 por ciento)y tos en 17 (53 por ciento). Todos presentaron alteraciones radiológicas: 27 derrames pleurales, 24 engrosamientos pleurales y 9 masas. Se definió, si hubo o no exposición a asbesto en 18 pacientes; 14 estuvieron expuestos (78 por ciento). La broncospía y citología del líquido pleural nunca confirmaron el diagnóstico. La biopsia pleural ciega detectó malignidad, pero sólo confirmó el diagnóstico en 2 de 21 pacientes (9,5 por ciento). Las biopsias por toracoscopia o cirugía, siempre permitieron el diagnóstico. Histológicamente fueron 16 epiteliales (51,6 por ciento) 8 mixtos (25.8 por ciento) y 7 sarcomatosos (22,6 por ciento); Veintiocho (90,3 por ciento) fueron difusos. Diez pacientes se consideraron en estado I (34,5 por ciento) y 14 en estado II (48,3 por ciento). Cirugía radical se realizó en 11, con una mortalidad operatoria de 2 (8 por ciento), y una morbilidad de 4 (16 por ciento). Radioterapia se administró a 11 pacientes y quimioterapia a 7. El tiempo libre de enfermedad promedio fue 37,9 meses (rango 1-137), el cual se disminuye a 14,1 meses si excluimos al paciente que duró 137 meses. este tiempo fue influido si la cirugía fue o no...

Malignant pleural mesothelioma: CT study

The computed tomographic [CT] scans of 25 patients proved to have malignant pleural mesothelioma were reviewed to asses the value of CT in evaluation of this malignancy, 10 patients were resectable and underwent thoracotomy, 15 patients were unresectable and received palliative irradiation. CT scan showed pleural thickening and irregularity in 23 patients [92%], pleural nodules in 9 [36%], pleural masses in 17 [68%], pleural calcific plaques in 10 [40%] and pleural effusion in 18 [72%], involvement of interlobar fissure in 12 [48%]. Reduced volume of the hemithorax was noted in 16 [64%] and in 14 [87%] out of 16 patients with tumor encasement and rib erosion. Local extension of the tumor into the chest wall, mediastinum and diaphragm was detected in 6 patients [24%], 4 [16%] and 3 [12%] respectively. CT helps in the diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma and defines the extent of the tumor, thereby improving the planning of treatment