RESUMEN
La Metódica MEIN metacognición infantiles una herramienta psicoeducativa para educadoras de párvulos y básica, que busca favorecer el desarrollo en las edades de 4 a 6 años, entrenando habilidades cognitivas para desarrollar metacognición en edades más avanzadas. Así, tal estrategia hace posible entrenar de una manera peculiar e interactiva, las habilidades cognitivas frente una actividad, a partir de la propia iniciativa del niño/a. El mediador intenciona, significa y acompaña para que el infante sea capaz de idear la estrategia que empleará en su proceso de aprendizaje, y para que a partir de su apropiación transfiera a otros contextos, valorando el desempeño de su construcción. La metodología empleada fue cualitativa mediante un diseño de estudio de casos. El resultado fundamental del estudio demuestra que la Metódica MEIN es un recurso que facilita a la educadora orientar positivamente los procesos cognitivos en un espacio complejo de desarrollo para el entrenamiento temprano de habilidades metacognitivas. Al niño/a le permite actuar libremente con independencia, facilitando la toma de conciencia.
The MEIN methodical -child metacognition is a psychoeducational tool for development, aimed at educators to train cognitive skills in children from 4 to 6 years old so that subjects of more advanced ages can develop metacognition. The MEIN methodical makes it possible to train in a peculiar, interactive way, cognitive abilities in the face of an activity that starts from the children's initiative; the mediator promotes, signifies and accompanies them so that they are able to devise the strategy that they will employ in the learning process, and from their appropriation they transfer to other contexts, so as to value their construction's performance. The methodology used was qualitative through a case study design. The fundamental result of the study shows that the MEIN methodical is a resource that facilitates the educator to positively orient cognitive processes in a complex development space for early training of metacognitive skills. The child is free to act independently, facilitating awareness.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Preescolar , Niño , Aptitud , Metacognición/fisiología , Tutoría , Chile , Investigación Cualitativa , Aprendizaje/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Abstract Reading requires the activation of several cognitive processes, some of which are basic, e.g. recognizing letters and words, whereas others are complex, such as working memory and ability to think about one's own learning strategies. One condition for fulfilling a complex cognitive task, such as understanding a text, is the ability to maintain and process information, which depends on working memory. Objective To analyze the ability of using metacognitive strategies for reading, the phonological working memory of school children with learning disabilities, and also determine if there is relation between these skills and reading comprehension. Method The sample consisted of 30 school-age children and teenagers of both genders, aged 8 to 12 years, who were enrolled in primary school. They were divided in two groups, experimental (EG) and control (CG). All children were subjected to evaluation of reading comprehension, phonological working memory, and use of metacognitive skills for reading. The results were compared between groups through the Mann-Whitney test, and correlation between variables was analyzed through Spearman correlation test. Result Statistical comparison between EG and CG showed statistically significant difference. Positive and effective correlation was observed between reading comprehension, phonological working memory and metacognitive tests. Conclusion children with learning disabilities presented deficits in phonological working memory and use of metacognitive strategies. The positive and effective correlation between the abilities analyzed suggests that failure in the phonological working memory and use of metacognitive strategies interfere with reading comprehension.