RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE@#To compare morphine and codeine concentration in urines of heroin abusers and codeine users and to discuss the judgment index to distinguish between heroin abuser and codeine user.@*METHODS@#The urines of heroin abusers and codeine users were collected at different time periods. After protein precipitation, the urine samples were conducted for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of morphine and codeine by UPLC-MS/MS. And the results were all statistically analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Statistical analysis showed that morphine and codeine concentration in urines of heroin abusers and codeine users were both abnormal distributions. The probability of the heroin abuser would be more than 95% and less than 5% for the codeine user when the concentration of morphine in urine sample was more than 67 ng/mL. The probability of the codeine user would be more than 95% and less than 5% for the heroin abuser when the concentration of morphine in urine sample was less than 67 ng/mL.@*CONCLUSION@#The morphine concentration in urine could be used as a criterion to distinguish the heroin abuser from the codeine user, while the codeine concentration could not.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Administración Oral , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Codeína/orina , Toxicología Forense/métodos , Dependencia de Heroína/orina , Morfina/orina , Soluciones , Detección de Abuso de Sustancias/métodos , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE@#To propose a method for simultaneous determination of codeine(COD), 6-monoacetyl-morphine (6-MAM), morphine (MOR), morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) and morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) in human urine by ultra performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS).@*METHODS@#After precipitation of protein by acetonitrile, the urine samples, with added the morphine-d3 (MOR-d3) and morphine-3-Glucuronide-d3 (M3G-d3) as internal standards, were pre-treated by Sirocco protein precipitation plate, and then analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS.@*RESULTS@#The limit of detection was 0.2 ng/mL for both COD and MAM, the limit of quantitation was 0.5 ng/mL for both COD and MAM. The limit of detection was 0.5 ng/mL for MOR, M3G and M6G, the limit of quantitation was 1 ng/mL for them. The linear correlation coefficients were not less than 0.9997, both the inter-day and intra-day precisions were less than 10%, the recoveries were in the range of 70.0% to 98.3%, the matrix effects were about 50.5% to 99.0%.@*CONCLUSION@#This proposed method is simple, rapid and accurate, it could be applied in forensic toxicological analysis.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Cromatografía Liquida/métodos , Codeína/orina , Límite de Detección , Morfina/orina , Derivados de la Morfina/orina , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Detección de Abuso de Sustancias/métodos , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodosRESUMEN
Heroin is one of the most seriously abused drugs and its consumption is illegal. Therefore, the detection of the drug in addicts has to be highly accurate and reliable. Morphine detection in urine is the most common method to confirm consumption. Several methods of morphine detection in urine are described such as Latex Agglutination Inhibition (LAI), Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), Radioimmunoassay (RIA), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrophotometry (GC/MS). In this study, we performed Radioimmunoassay (RIA) because it is rapid and cheap. Sixty-three male heroin addicts, average age 32 years, with an average time of heroin administration of about 3 years were studied. They used on average Q.635 grams of heroin per day. The time of detection in the urine after the last heroin administration to the first urine testing was about 8.5 hours, over 3-4 days. The amount of morphine in the urine was 17,897.9 ng/ml. Nevertheless, we found that morphine could be detected in the urine every day for seven days. The decreasing rate of daily morphine detection in the urine was 88.4, 74.2, 64.2, 57.1, 63.3 and 44.8 per cent. But there was no significant difference in the route of administration.
Asunto(s)
Adolescente , Adulto , Dependencia de Heroína/metabolismo , Humanos , Indicadores y Reactivos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Morfina/orina , Estudios Prospectivos , Radioinmunoensayo/métodos , Muestreo , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Abuso de Sustancias por Vía Intravenosa/diagnóstico , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE@#To develop a column-switching high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of morphine and O6-monoacetylmorphine in urine.@*METHODS@#Urine samples (1.0 ml) were spiked with 1.0 ml borate buffer, after centrifugation, 1.0 ml of supernate were injected directly into an extraction column (YWG C18 33 mm x 5.0 mm, 10 microns). After a washing step with the extraction mobile phase, the retained morphine and O6-monoacetylmorphine were flushed into the analytical column (Lichrospher 100 CN 125 mm x 4.0 mm, 5 microns) with the mobile phase CH3OH-H2O (60:40). The analytical mobile phase is CH3OH-phosphate buffer (pH6.86) (22:78). The UV detector was set at lambda 286 nm.@*RESULTS@#The method shows excellent linearity from 50 to 1,600 ng/ml for morphine and from 100 to 1,600 ng/ml for O6-monoacetylmorphine. The linear correlation coefficients were > 0.999. The relative standard deviations were < 4%. The limits of detection were 40 ng/ml for both morphine and O6-monoacetylmorphine.@*CONCLUSION@#The method described is sensitive, rapid, reproducible, and simple.