Prevention and detection of mycoplasma contamination in cell culture

One of the main problems in cell culture is mycoplasma infection. It can extensively affect cell physiology and metabolism. As the applications of cell culture increase in research, industrial production and cell therapy, more concerns about mycoplasma contamination and detection will arise. This review will provide valuable information about: 1. the ways in which cells are contaminated and the frequency and source of mycoplasma species in cell culture; 2. the ways to prevent mycoplasma contamination in cell culture; 3. the importance of mycoplasma tests in cell culture; 4. different methods to identify mycoplasma contamination; 5. the consequences of mycoplasma contamination in cell culture and 6. Available methods to eliminate mycoplasma contamination. Awareness about the sources of mycoplasma and pursuing aseptic techniques in cell culture along with reliable detection methods of mycoplasma contamination can provide an appropriate situation to prevent mycoplasma contamination in cell culture

Isolation of Mycoplasma bovoculi from genitally diseased bovines and its experimental pathogenicity in pregnant guinea pigs.

Thirteen strains of M. bovoculi, 6 from frozen bull-semen (3.5% of 168), 3 from neat bull-semen (3.0% of 100), one each from heart blood and stomach contents of aborted foetus of 85 (1.18%) bovine-abortions, one each from stomach contents and pooled internal organs of 9 (11.1%) stillborn calves, were isolated. All the isolates were resistant to ampicillin and sensitive to spiramycin, vibramycin, demeclocyclin, oxytetracycline, lincomycin and tylosin. However, variation in resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin, neomycin, kanamycin and streptomycin was observed. The gross lesions like congestion of lungs, liver, kidney and spleen were noted only in stillborn calf. However, significant microscopic lesions were encountered in internal tissues of both the aborted bovine fetuses and stillborn calf. Thickened alveolar wall, congestion of blood vessels, mesenchymal cell proliferation along with infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages were observed in lungs. The liver showed mild infiltration of lymphocytes, macrophages in hepatic triad and necrosis of hepatic cells. The kidney tissues had focal lymphocytic infiltration in the interstitium. One strain of M. bovoculi (isolate # SBC-7/84,IO) isolated from a stillborn calf was found abortigenic upon experimental inoculation in pregnant guinea pigs.

Minimal inhibitory concentrations of quinolones group to some avian mycoplasmas

Quinolones group [Ciprofloxacin, Enrofloxacin and Norfloxacin] was found to have antimicrobial activity [using growth inhibition test] on Mycoplasma synoviae, M. pullorum and M. iowae, while M. gallisepticum strains [S6, R, PG31 and F strains], M. gallinaceum, M. gallinarum and M. iners less sensitive. All the examined strains were sensitive to Lincospectin. Strepomycin had less effect on M. synoviae, M. pullorum, M. gallinarum and M. iners, while M. gallisepticum strains, M. gallinaceum and M. iowae were resistant. Minimum inhibitory concentrations [MICs] of Ciprofloxacin and Enrofloxacin were between 0.006 ug/ml [sensitive] for all tested stains. In the case of Norfloxacin, most of the examined strains were sensitive [0.024-0.084 ug/ml], except M. gallisepticum [S6 and F strains] and M. iowae were less sensitive [0.097-0.39 ug/ml]. Streptomycin had less effect on most tested strains [0.39-1.56 ug/ml], while M. iowae was resistant

Bacterial aetiology of empyema with special reference to mycoplasma

One hundred patients with empyema were selected and subjected to history, careful examination and laboratory investigation. Seven cases showed positive isolation with mycoplasma 31%, 22%, 3% of cases were affected with staphylococci, klebsiella and pneumococci. Culture and sensitivity tests to antibiotic showed that the erythromycin and tetracyclin were the drug of choice in managing cases of mycoplasma