Anti-inflammatory effects of royal jelly on ethylene glycol induced renal inflammation in rats

ABSTRACT Objective: In this study, anti-inflammatory effects of Royal Jelly were investigated by inducing renal inflammation in rats with the use of ethylene glycol. For this purpose, the calcium oxalate urolithiasis model was obtained by feeding rats with ethylene glycol in drinking water. Materials and Methods: The rats were divided in five study groups. The 1st group was determined as the control group. The rats in the 2nd group received ethylene glycol (1%) in drinking water. The rats in the 3rd group were daily fed with Royal Jelly by using oral gavage. The 4th group was determined as the preventive group and the rats were fed with ethylene glycol (1%) in drinking water while receiving Royal Jelly via oral gavage. The 5th group was determined as the therapeutic group and received ethylene glycol in drinking water during the first 2 weeks of the study and Royal Jelly via oral gavage during the last 2 weeks of the study. Results: At the end of the study, proinflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-18 levels in blood and renal tissue samples from the rats used in the application were measured. Conclusion: The results have shown that ethylene glycol does induce inflammation and renal damage. This can cause the formation of reactive oxygen species. Royal Jelly is also considered to have anti-inflammatory effects due to its possible antiradical and antioxidative effects. It can have positive effects on both the prevention of urolithiasis and possible inflammation during the existing urolithiasis and support the medical treatment.

Efeito de doses elevadas de vitamina D3 associada à suplementação de cálcio em modelo experimental de nefrolitíase / Effect of vitamin D3 overdose and calcium supplementation in experimental nephrolithiasis model

Introdução: Há poucos dados na literatura sobre a suplementação de vitamina D e cálcio e o desenvolvimento de cálculos renais. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito de doses elevadas de vitamina D3 (V), com suplemento de cálcio (Ca) no desenvolvimento de litíase em modelo experimental. Métodos: Pastilhas foram inseridas na bexiga de ratos, que receberam V com ou sem Ca. Ratos foram divididos em seis grupos: 1. Sham; 2. Controle com pastilha, 3. Controle com V, 4. Pastilha + V, 5. Pastilha + Ca e 6. Pastilha + Ca + V. Resultados: Observou-se 50% e 17% de redução na formação de cálculos, respectivamente nos grupos 5 e 6 em comparação ao grupo 2 (p < 0,005). Não foram observadas hipercalcemia ou hipercalciúria em todos os grupos. Encontramos no grupo 6 (p = 0,03) uma redução significativa na calciúria. Conclusão: A administração de V associada com Ca diminuiu significantemente a formação de cálculos e reduziu significantemente a calciúria, sugerindo uma interferência benéfica na fisiopatologia litogênica. .

Introduction: There is little information in the literature relating supplementary oral usage of vitamin D and calcium to the development of kidney stones. Objective: To evaluate the effect of high dose, 200 IU of vitamin D3 (V) with calcium supplementation (Ca). Methods: Experimental model consists of insertion of pellets into the bladder of rats. V was administered for 30 days with or without Ca. The rats were divided in 6 groups: 1. Sham, 2. Pellets control; 3. V control; 4. Pellets + V; 5. Pellets + Ca and 6. Pellets + Ca + V. Results: 50% and 17% decreases bladder stones formation in groups 5 and 6, p < 0.005 comparing with the group 2 were observed. There was no hypercalcemia or hypercalciuria in all groups. We observed a significant decrease in calciuria in group 6 (p = 0.03). Conclusion: The administration of the V associated with Ca significantly decreased the formation of stones and caused a significant reduction in urinary calcium, suggesting a protection in the lithogenic pathophysiology. .

Litiasis biliar asociada a ceftriaxona en pediatría: reporte de dos casos y revisión de la literatura / Biliary lithiasis due to ceftriaxone treatment in pediatric: report of two cases and literature review

Introducción: La ceftriaxona es una cefalosporina de tercera generación, bactericida, de amplio espectro de acción y de una vida media larga, por lo que es utilizada ampliamente en pediatría. Un efecto colateral poco conocido de este fármaco es la formación de precipitaciones biliares. Objetivo: Presentar 2 casos clínicos de pacientes de 9 y 14 años que cursaron con litiasis vesicular asintomática durante el tratamiento con ceftriaxona, y que tuvieron una resolución espontánea antes de 30 días. La revisión de la literatura muestra que la detección de precipitaciones biliares ocurre en un 14-47 por ciento de los pacientes tratados con ceftriaxona, los factores de riesgo de desarrollarlas es una mayor edad, tratamiento prolongado y dosis alta. Su resolución es espontánea y precoz. Conclusión: La formación de precipitaciones biliares si bien es frecuente, la mayoría de las veces es asintomática y de resolución espontánea, por lo que ceftriaxona sigue siendo un antibiótico seguro.

Introduction: Ceftriaxone is a third-generation cephalosporin, with a wide spectrum of action and a prolonged half-life time. These properties have contributed to its widespread use in pediatric patients.An infrequent collateral effect is the development of biliary pseudolithiasis. The aim is to present two cases of 9 and 14 years old, with asymptomatic gallstones during treatment with ceftriaxone, andresolved spontaneously before 30 days. Material and methods: Literature review shows that biliary pseudolithiasis occurs between 14 percent to 47 percent of patients treated with ceftriaxone. Risk factors are older age, long treatment, and high doses. Its resolution is early and spontaneous. Conclusion: Formation of biliary pseudolithiasis although frequent, most of the times is asymptomatic and resolves spontaneously, therefore ceftriaxone remains as safe antibiotic.