Potential Years of Lost Life of the Lip, Oral Cavity and Pharynx Neoplasms in Slovak Population - 2010-2015

Objective: To analyse Potential Years of Life Lost (PYLL) rates trends of lip, oral cavity and pharynx neoplasms in the Slovak population by age and gender. Material and Methods: The study analyses PYLL rates (age-standardized) of lip, oral cavity and pharynx neoplasms (C00-C14) per 100,000 in the period of six years (2010-2015). The study sample was divided into two age sub-categories (all ages: 0-69y. and working group: 20-69y.) National mortality data (C00-C14) (3,138 mortality causes) were analysed from the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic. Results: The highest PYLL rate was found in sub-category 20-69 years in males (378 per 100,000) in 2012 and in females (64 per 100,000) in 2013. The highest PYLL rate was observed in sub-category all age groups in males (296 per 100,000) in 2012 and in females (50 per 100,000) in 2013. The PYLL rates of lip, oral cavity and pharynx neoplasms had in the period 2011- 2015 upward trend in both sexes, however, in the 2014 was found the opposite trend. In 2015 the highest PYLL rates (non-standardized) in both sexes was found in age subcategory 55-59y. Conclusion: Our study should contribute to the development of oral cancer intervention programs.

Actinomicosis amigdalina imitando una recaída de un linfoma no Hodgkin / Tonsillar actinomycosis mimicking relapse of diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma

La actinomicosis es una infección poco frecuente, lentamente progresiva y de difícil diagnóstico. Se presenta el caso clínico de una mujer de 63 años en remisión total de un linfoma no Hodgkin difuso de células B grandes de amígdala. Durante su seguimiento se observó un ligero aumento de la lactato deshidrogenasa (LDH). Por la posibilidad de una recaída de su linfoma se realizó una tomografía por emisión de positrones (TEP-TC) que detectó mayor densidad y actividad en la orofaringe izquierda. Se realizó la extirpación de la lesión, cuyo diagnóstico histopatológico fue de una actinomicosis amigdalina. El género Actinomyces es comensal de la orofaringe y de la vía respiratoria y digestiva. La forma cérvico-facial es la más frecuente. La extirpación quirúrgica es a menudo esencial para un diagnóstico definitivo. Es importante incluir esta enfermedad en el diagnóstico diferencial de las lesiones tumorales de la región cérvico-facial.

Tumores del espacio parafaríngeo: revisión del tema / Parapharyngeal space tumors: review

Los tumores del espacio parafaríngeo son poco frecuentes, por lo tanto existe experiencia publicada limitada respecto a su diagnóstico y tratamiento. Por este motivo, representan un reto diagnóstico y terapéutico. En la mayoría de los casos se puede llegar a un diagnóstico con una adecuada anamnesis, examen físico, imagenología, y complementando con punción aspirativa con aguja fina. La diferenciación entre un tumor preestiloídeo de uno retroestiloídeo es fundamental para orientar el diagnóstico diferencial. El tratamiento de elección es la escisión quirúrgica, advirtiendo al paciente las posibles vías de abordaje, la comorbilidad asociada a cada una de estas vías, sobre todo a nivel de función de nervios craneanos, y la eventual necesidad de coadyuvancia en caso de requerirse.

Parapharyngeal space tumors are rare, so there is limited published experience regarding their diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, they represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. In most cases, diagnosis can be made with an adequate anamnesis, physical examination, imaging, and the use of fine needle aspiration. Differentiation between prestyloid and poststyloid tumor is a key to guiding the differential diagnosis. The treatment of choice is surgical excision, warning the patient the possible surgical approaches, comorbidity associated with each of these pathways, especially at the level of function of cranial nerves, and the eventual need of coadjuvant treatment if required.

Extraosseous Chordoma of Retropharyngeal Space.

Chordomas are malignant bone neoplasms that originate from embryonic notochordal remnants, and they affect the skull base and the spine1. The cervical spine chordoma extends rarely into retropharyngeal space. However, primary chordoma of retropharyngeal space with no involvement of axial skeleton is very rare. These tumours are called as extraosseous chordoma2. We present a rare case of a 36-year old male patient presenting with extraosseous retropharyngeal space chordoma with no bone involvement anywhere in the entire skeleton.

Hábitos alimentares e câncer de boca e orofaringe / Dietary habits and oral and oropharyngeal cancer

O câncer de boca e faringe é um importante problema de saúde pública, apresentando cerca de 400 mil novos casos ao ano no mundo. O presente estudo objetiva estudar o papel da alimentação no acomentimento por câncer de boca e orofaringe. Foi realizado estudo caso-controle de base hospitalar pareado por sexo e idade (com tolerância de cinco anos para mais ou para menos de diferença entre casos e controles). A amostra foi composta por 296 casos com diagnóstico decâncer de boca ou orofaringe e 296 controles sem câncer atendidos, entre os anosde 2006 e 2008, em quatro hospitais na cidade de São Paulo: Instituto do Câncer Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, Hospital A. C. Camargo, Hospital Heliópolis da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo e Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. Osdados foram coletados por meio de entrevista e a dieta foi avaliada utilizando-se umquestionário de frequência alimentar. Após análise de regressão logística condicional ajustada por sexo, idade, renda, hábito de fumar e ingestão de bebidas alcoólicas, verificou-se associação inversa entre a chance de câncer de boca e orofaringe e a ingestão total de vegetais crús (Odds Ratio==0,19; p tendência<0,001) e frutas (OR=0,15; p tend<0,001) e associação direta da doença com a ingestão de alimentos de origem animal ou fritos, como o bacon (OR==26,38; p tend<0,001), acarne boniva (OR== 3,77; P tend==0,004), os ovos (OR==22,23; p tend<0,001) e frituras em geral (OR= 5,53; P tend<0,001)...

Oral and oropharyngeal cancer is an important public health problem, which involves near 400 thousand new cases each year worldwide. This study aimed at assessing the association between dietary habits and the incidence of oral and oropharyngeal cancer. We performed a hospital-based case-control study with concurrent pairing by gender and age (:t5 years). The sample comprised 296 cases diagnosed with oral or oropharyngeal cancer and 296 controles without cancer Who were assisted in fourhospitais in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, from 2006 to 2008: do Cancer Institute "Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho", "A. C. Camargo" Hospital, Heliópolis Hospital (São Paulo State Health Department) and Clinics Hospital (School of Medicine, University of São Paulo). Information on diet was gathered during an interview, and used a food frequency questionnaire. Conditional logistic regression adjusted for gender, age, income, tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking allowed the identification of an inverse association between oral and oropharyngeal cancer and the intake of raw vegetables (Odds Ratio=0.19; p for trend<0.001) and fruits (OR=0.15; p trend<0.001) and a direct association between the disease and fat foods, as bacon (OR=26.38; p trend<0.001), meat (OR= 3.77; P trend=0.004), eggs (OR=22.23; p trend<0.001) and deep fried foods (OR= 5.53; P trend<0.001). The stratification of subjects according to smoking habits allowed the identification of a likely higher protective effect of fruits and raw vegetables among smokers. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that food rich in animal and saturated fat would increase the risk of oral and oropharyngeal cancer, whereas the frequent intake of fruits and raw vegetables would be protective against the disease. This information is relevant for the instruction of preventive interventions against oral and oropharyngeal cancer.

Glossopharyngeal neuralgia with syncope as a sign of neck cancer recurrence

Glossopharyngeal neuralgia with syncope as a sign of neck cancer is a very rare condition. A review of the literature revealed only 29 cases formerly reported. We present the first Brazilian case of such association. A 68-year-old man presented with paroxysmal excruciating pain over the right side of the neck, sometimes followed by syncope. Given the suspicion of recurrent tumor from a previously treated neck malignancy, a computed tomography scan was performed and a right parapharyngeal tumor was shown. Pain and syncope were successfully controlled with carbamazepine and the patient underwent palliative radiotherapy.

Neuralgia glossofaríngea com síncope como um sinal de câncer do pescoço é uma condição muito rara. Uma revisão da literatura revelou apenas 29 casos relatados anteriormente. Apresentamos o primeiro caso brasileiro de tal associação. Um homem de 68 anos se apresentou com dores paroxísticas insuportáveis no lado direito do pescoço, algumas vezes seguidas de síncope. Dada a suspeita de recidiva tumoral derivada de uma malignidade cervical tratada previamente, realizou-se um exame de tomografia computadorizada que evidenciou um tumor parafaríngeo direito. As dores e as síncopes foram controladas satisfatoriamente com carbamazepina e o paciente foi submetido à radioterapia paliativa.

A rare case of cellular schwannoma in the pharynx.

Cellular schwannomas in pharyngeal region are rare. These tumors histologically mimic malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors because of their growth pattern, high cellularity and mitotic activity, but they are relatively benign tumors with a tendency to recur but do not metastasize.

Carcinoma de células escamosas da hipofaringe em mulher jovem com anemia de Fanconi / Squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx in a young woman with Fanconi's anemia

A anemia de Fanconi é um raro distúrbio autossômico recessivo caracterizado por malformações congênitas, aplasia da medula óssea e instabilidade genômica, com predisposição ao desenvolvimento de neoplasias malignas, em especial as leucemias e os tumores do trato aerodigestivo alto. Em razão de características inerentes à síndrome em questão, o tratamento de tais neoplasias é particularmente difícil. Relata-se o caso de anemia de Fanconi uma jovem de 24 anos, que desenvolveu carcinoma de células escamosas da hipofaringe, na ausência de fatores de risco como o tabagismo e o alcoolismo, e faz-se uma revisão sumária da literatura a respeito do tema.

Fanconi's anemia is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by congenital malformation, bone marrow failure and genomic instability, with a predisposition to develop malignancies, especially the leukemias and upper aerodigestive tract tumors. Due to inherent characteristics to this syndrome, the treatment of such neoplasms is particularly difficult. In this paper we report the case of a 24-year-old woman with FanconiÆs anemia who developed a squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx; she had none of the traditional risk factors, such as smoking and alcohol abuse. We also briefly review the literature about this topic

Trends of head and neck cancers in urban and rural India.

BACKGROUND: The sub-site predilection of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) reflects the risk profile of a community and there are suggestions that these are changing over time. OBJECTIVE: To determine the change in head and neck cancer in rural and urban populations in India. METHODS: Cancer registry data of an urban and a rural population were reviewed over a period of 13 and 11 years, respectively. Age adjusted rates (AAR) and age specific incidence rates were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Oral cancers formed the majority of the head and neck cancers with a predilection for tongue, except in rural males, in whom the pharynx was the predominant sub-site. Overall there was a reduction in the incidence of HNSCC, which was more pronounced in urban females and rural males (p< .001). Among the sub-sites, oral cavity cancers showed a decreasing trend in urban females (p< .01) and rural males (p< .01). However, the trend was towards increase of incidence of tongue cancers. Pharyngeal cancer showed reduction in urban females (p< .01), whereas it increased in rural females. The recent increase in incidence of young adults with HNSCC reported in developed countries was not observed. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, incidence of HNSCC is reducing. This may be attributed to the decreased prevalence of tobacco use.The increase in incidence of tongue cancer may suggest factors other than tobacco and alcohol in its genesis.

Tumores parafaríngeos en niños: descripción de dos casos clínicos / Parapharyngeal tumors in pediatrics: 2 clinical cases

Se presentan dos casos clínicos de tumores parafaríngeos de niños tratados en el Servicio de ORL del Hospital Regional Valdivia. El primero corresponde a un coristoma que histológicamente constituye tejido neuroglial maduro el cual fue tratado con cirugía exclusiva. El segundo caso es un Rabdomiosarcoma embrionario que fue sometido a una resección con quimioterapia y radioterapia según protocolo y a una cirugía de rescate por una recidiva local. Se revisa la literatura con especial énfasis a la anatomía, técnica quirúgica e histología de los tumores que afectan el espacio parafaríngeo

Parapharyngeal space tumors: considerations in 26 cases

Context: Parapharyngeal space tumors comprise less than 0.5 per cent of all head and neck neoplasms. The majority of these tumors are benign, but surgery is usually required to establish the diagnosis and treat the patients. We present 26 patients treated surgically for tumors arising in the parapharyngeal space (PPS) at the State University of Campinas Hospital - UNICAMP. Cases Serie: Of these, 17 (65.5 per cent) had benign and 9 (34.6 per cent) malignant neoplasms. The surgical and pathological data relevant to these cases are highlighted, observing any local recurrence, surgical complications and the five-year survival. Neurogenic tumors and soft tissue sarcomas were, respectively, the most frequent benign (35.3 per cent) and malignant neoplasms (44.5 per cent). Benign tumors accounted for the majority of the cases and involved minimal surgical morbidity with no recurrence during a median follow-up of five years. Malignant tumors had a high rate recurrence and mortality. Surgery is the treatment of choice for PPS tumors. A knowledge of the anatomy of this site is essential for the safe performance of surgical procedures. Malignant neoplasms have a poor prognosis. Fine needle aspiration was helpful in diagnosis of all tumors.

Diagnostico e tratamento do cancer da faringe / Diagnosis and treatment of pharyngeal cancer

As afeccoes malignas das tres regioes da faringe - nasofaringe, orofaringe e hipofaringe - sao bastante distintas entre si no que diz respeito ao quadro clinico e ao tratamento. Enquanto na nasofaringe os tumores sao menos diferenciados e tratados principalmente pela radioterapia, os tumores da orofaringe e da hipofaringe sao mais diferenciados e, como regra, respondem melhor a terapeutica cirurgica associada a radioterapia pos-operatoria. Na terapeutica dos tumores da faringe, os linfonodos cervicais devem ser tratados pelo esvaziamento cervical e / ou pela radioterapia

Hemogiopericitoma em espaço parafaríngeo / Hemagiopericytoma of the parapharygeal space

O Hemangiopericitoma é um tumor raro, que corresponde a menos de 1 por cento dos tumores de origem vascular. Apenas quatro casos de hemangiopericitoma no espaço parafaríngeo foram relatados anteriormente na literatura médica. O diagnóstico só é feito através do exame histológico, sendo muito difícil predizer o seu comportamento em cada paciente. O caso relatado é de uma paciente que apresentou uma grande tumoraçäo no espaço parafaríngeo, sendo submetida a tratamento cirúrgico.

Tumors arising in the parapharyngeal space

Tumors originating in the parapharyngeal space are rare. Most of the tumors arising in the parapharyngeal space are benign neoplasms of neurogenic or salivary origin. The use of CT scan, MRI and selective use of angiography allows the preoperative assessment of the location, size, vascularity and relation of parapharyngeal space tumors to surrounding anatomical structures. Imaging techniques establish the site of origin and often diagnose the origin of these tumors with great accuracy. This information is essential in planning the surgical approach and redicting prognosis. We present details of the anatomy, diagnosis and surgical treatment of these tumors.

diagnosis of lesions involving the parapharyngeal space by computed tomography

Lesions arising within or adjacent to the parapharyngeal space present difficulties in their diagnosis as well as in the choice of the ideal surgical approach. The findings on contrast enhanced computed tomography [CT] of 46 patients with lesions in this region are presented. CT can provide reliable informations regarding the size and the extent of the mass lesion, its site of origin, its relationship to the surrounding vascular structures as well as the likely histological type of the lesion in most of cases

Clinicopathology study of oral and oropharyngeal carcinoma in Seychelles

Oral and oropharyngeal carcinoma happens to be one of the commonest cancerous lesions in Seychelles. According to cancer registry statistics; of 621 cases of cancer from 1983 to 1991; oral and oropharyngeal carcinoma account for 9.98 per cent of all cases. An attempt has been made to analyse the age and sex of patients; the location and morphology of the carcinomas; and the prognosis; so as to present the clinicopathological features of oral and oropharyngeal carcinoma in Seychelles; with possible etiological factors