Risk factors associated with surgical site infection in patients with musculoskeletal cancer / Fatores de risco associados à infecção de sítio cirúrgico em portadores de câncer musculoesquelético / Factores de riesgo asociados a la infección del sitio quirúrgico en pacientes con cáncer musculoesquelético

Background and objectives: surgical site infections (SSI) continue to be a major concern in orthopedic oncology and pose as great a challenge as cancer recurrence, despite the preventive potential of surgery. SSI can be avoided if evidence-based measures are taken. The objective was to assess the frequency of infections in oncological orthopedic surgeries and associated risk factors and inflammatory markers in a reference hospital in the state of Pernambuco. Methods: the frequency of SSI, the identification of isolated microorganisms, the risk factors and the profile of Th1 and Th2 inflammatory markers (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF and IFN-Ƴ) in patients with musculoskeletal cancer were analyzed. Results: SSI were found in 9.1% of patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. Bivariate analysis revealed that a surgical team comprising more than five members (p=0.041) and the need for intraoperative transfusion (p=0.012) were correlated with a higher risk of SSI. The measurement of ultrasensitive C-reactive protein levels to assess the inflammatory response after SSI showed results that were superior to the reference values for each sample, ranging from >5 to >200mg/dl by the immunoturbidimetric method. Of the IL-2, INFγ and TNF (Th1) and IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 (Th2) levels, only interleukin 6 showed high levels, between 6.68 and 58.76 pg/mL. Conclusion: the study found that surgical team with five or more members and blood transfusion were factors associated with the development of SSI in orthopedic surgery in patients with musculoskeletal cancer. Among the inflammatory markers, interleukin 6 (IL-6) showed the highest correlation with the outcome.(AU)

Justificativa e objetivos: as infecções do sítio cirúrgico (ISC) continuam sendo uma grande preocupação na oncologia ortopédica e representam um desafio tão grande quanto a recorrência do câncer, apesar do potencial preventivo da cirurgia. As ISC podem ser evitadas se forem tomadas medidas baseadas em evidências. O objetivo foi avaliar a frequência de infecções em cirurgias ortopédicas oncológicas e os fatores de risco e marcadores inflamatórios associados em um hospital de referência no estado de Pernambuco. Métodos: foram analisados a frequência de ISC, a identificação de microrganismos isolados, os fatores de risco e o perfil de marcadores inflamatórios Th1 e Th2 (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF e IFN-Ƴ) em pacientes portadores de câncer musculoesquelético. Resultados: as ISC foram encontradas em 9,1% dos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia ortopédica. A análise bivariada revelou que uma equipe cirúrgica composta por mais de cinco membros (p=0,041) e a necessidade de transfusão intraoperatória (p=0,012) foram correlacionadas com maior risco de ISC. A dosagem dos níveis de proteína C reativa ultrassensível para avaliação da resposta inflamatória após ISC apresentou resultados superiores aos valores de referência para cada amostra, variando de >5 a >200mg/dl pelo método imunoturbidimétrico. Dos níveis de IL-2, INFγ e TNF (Th1) e IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 (Th2), apenas a interleucina 6 apresentou níveis elevados, entre 6,68 e 58,76 pg/mL. Conclusão: o estudo constatou que equipe cirúrgica com cinco ou mais membros e transfusão sanguínea foram fatores associados ao desenvolvimento de ISC em cirurgia ortopédica em pacientes com câncer musculoesquelético. Entre os marcadores inflamatórios, interleucina 6 (IL-6) apresentou maior correlação com o desfecho.(AU)

Justificación y objetivos: las infecciones del sitio quirúrgico (ISQ) siguen siendo una preocupación importante en la oncología ortopédica y representan un desafío tan grande como la recurrencia del cáncer, a pesar del potencial preventivo de la cirugía. Las ISQ se pueden prevenir si se toman medidas basadas en la evidencia. El objetivo fue evaluar la frecuencia de infecciones en cirugías ortopédicas oncológicas y los factores de riesgo y marcadores inflamatorios asociados en un hospital de referencia en el estado de Pernambuco. Métodos: se analizaron la frecuencia de ISQ, la identificación de microorganismos aislados, los factores de riesgo y el perfil de marcadores inflamatorios Th1 y Th2 (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF e IFN-Ƴ) en pacientes con cáncer musculoesquelético. Resultados: se encontraron ISQ en el 9,1% de los pacientes sometidos a cirugía ortopédica. El análisis bivariado reveló que un equipo quirúrgico compuesto por más de cinco miembros (p=0,041) y la necesidad de transfusión intraoperatoria (p=0,012) se correlacionaron con un mayor riesgo de ISQ. La medición de los niveles de proteína C reactiva ultrasensible para evaluar la respuesta inflamatoria después de la ISQ presentó resultados superiores a los valores de referencia para cada muestra, variando de >5 a >200 mg/dl por el método inmunoturbidimétrico. De los niveles de IL-2, INFγ y TNF (Th1) e IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 (Th2), solo la interleucina 6 mostró niveles elevados, entre 6,68 y 58,76 pg/mL. Conclusión: el estudio encontró que el equipo quirúrgico con cinco o más miembros y la transfusión el estudio encontró que un equipo quirúrgico con cinco o más miembros y transfusión de sangre fueron factores asociados con el desarrollo de ISQ en cirugía ortopédica en pacientes con cáncer musculoesquelético. Entre los marcadores inflamatorios, la interleucina 6 (IL-6) mostró la mayor correlación con el resultado.(AU)

Estudio clínico, radiológico y derivación en tumores musculoesqueléticos / Diagnosis and referral of musculoskeletal tumors

Musculoskeletal tumors are uncommon. However, the true burden of all bone and soft tissue tumors of extremities is underestimated. Usually, the diagnosis of sarcomas is missed or delayed. Therefore, an adequate clinical and radiological assessment, along with the awareness and application of simple guidelines for referral to a specialized center, are of utmost importance. These are critical steps for an appropriate diagnosis and treatment of sarcomas, improving their prognosis.

Histiocyte-rich rhabdomyoblastic tumor: a clinicopathological and molecular genetic analysis / 中华病理学杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathologic and molecular genetic characteristics, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of histiocyte-rich rhabdomyoblastic tumor (HRRMT). Methods: The clinical data of two cases of HRRMT diagnosed in Fujian Provincial Hospital and Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated People's Hospital from 2020 to 2021 were collected. Histopathology and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining were used to assess morphological changes; the genetic changes were analyzed with next-generation sequencing. The relevant literature was reviewed. Results: Both cases showed well-defined solid nodules and soft masses. Microscopically, the tumors had a fibrous pseudocapsule with lymphocytic aggregation, and locally invaded the surrounding skeletal muscle tissue, and the tumor cells were fusiform to epithelioid with an intensive foamy histiocytic infiltrate. No necrosis or mitosis was observed. Immunophenotyping showed the tumor cells were positive for desmin, either one or both skeletal muscle markers (myogenin or MyoD1), and negative for h-caldesmon, ALK and SMA. The Ki-67 index was<5%. Using next-generation sequencing, one case was found to harbour KRAS (G12D) and MSH3 (Q470*) mutations. Conclusions: HRRMT is a newly described skeletal muscle tumor with uncertain malignant potential. Its diagnosis and differential diagnosis depend on morphologic and IHC staining. No specific molecular genetics changes have been identified so far.

Síndrome de Mazabraud: reporte de un caso / Mazabraud syndrome: A case report

El síndrome de Mazabraud es una rara asociación de lesiones del sistema musculoesquelético. Resulta de la combinación de uno o varios mixomas intramusculares y displasia fibrosa. Presentamos a un hombre de 46 años con lesiones óseas compatibles con displasia fibrosa asociada a mixoma intramuscular configurando un síndrome de Mazabraud y una revisión de la bibliografía. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

Mazabraud's Syndrome is a rare association of lesions to the musculoskeletal system. It results from the combination of one or more intramuscular myxomas and fibrous dysplasia. We present a case of a 46-year-old man with bone lesions compatible with fibrous dysplasia associated with intramuscular myxoma, configuring Mazabraud's Syndrome and a review of the literature. Level of Evidence: IV

Metástasis muscular. Presentación de un carcinoma renal / Muscle metastasis as presentation of kidney cancer / Metástase muscular. Relato de caso de carcinoma renal

Resumen: Introducción: el cáncer de riñón frecuentemente se presenta con metástasis sincrónicas. Son excepcionales los casos comunicados en la literatura donde el diagnóstico de la enfermedad surge a partir de una metástasis muscular. Objetivo: el objetivo del trabajo es presentar un caso clínico de metástasis en músculo deltoides izquierdo como primera manifestación de un carcinoma de células claras de riñón. Caso clínico: paciente de 76 años, sexo masculino, que se operó con diagnóstico de tumoración de región delitoidea izquierda cuyo estudio anatomopatológico informó una metástasis muscular de un carcinoma renal de células claras. Se realizó una tomografía axial computarizada que evidenció una tumoración renal derecha, por lo cual se realizó una nefrectomía que confirmó el diagnóstico del tumor primario. Discusión: el diagnóstico de metástasis muscular de un carcinoma de células claras de riñón, cuando es la primera manifestación de la enfermedad, habitualmente se realiza con el estudio de la pieza de resección quirúrgica o bien a través de una biopsia. Si bien el tratamiento de la metástasis en general es paliativo, el control local de la enfermedad solo es posible cuando se realiza una resección quirúrgica con márgenes libres, ya que otros tratamientos oncológicos no han demostrado ser eficaces.

Summary: Introduction: most kidney cancer patients present with synchronous metastatic disease. A review of the literature reveals cases where the diagnosis is based on muscle metastasis are exceptional. Objective: the study aims to present the clinical case of metastasis to the left deltoid muscle as the initial presentation of renal cell carcinoma. Clinical case: 76 year old male patient who was operated upon diagnosis of tumour in the left deltoid region, the biopsy of which revealed muscle metastasis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Computerized axial tomography evidenced a tumorous formation in the right kidney. The patient underwent right-sided nephrectomy that confirmed the primary tumour diagnosis. Discussion: diagnosis of muscle metastasis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma, being it the initial presentation of the disease, is often done by analysing the surgical resection piece or by means of a biopsy. Despite treatment of metastasis is usually palliative, local control of the disease is only possible when tumour-free margins surgical resection is done, since other oncologic treatments have not proved effective.

Resumo: Introdução: o câncer renal frequentemente se apresenta com metástases sincrônicas. São excepcionais os casos relatados na literatura em que o diagnóstico da doença decorre de uma metástase muscular. Objetivo: o objetivo do trabalho é apresentar um caso clínico de metástase no músculo deltóide esquerdo como primeira manifestação de um carcinoma de células claras do rim. Caso clínico: paciente do sexo masculino, 76 anos, submetido à cirurgia com diagnóstico de tumor na região do deltóide esquerdo, cujo estudo anatomopatológico relatou metástase muscular de carcinoma renal de células claras. Foi realizada tomografia axial computadorizada que revelou tumor renal direito, sendo realizada nefrectomia que confirmou o diagnóstico do tumor primário. Discussão: o diagnóstico da metástase muscular do carcinoma de células claras do rim, quando é a primeira manifestação da doença, geralmente é feito com o estudo da peça de ressecção cirúrgica ou por meio de biópsia. Embora o tratamento das metástases em geral seja paliativo, o controle local da doença só é possível quando a ressecção cirúrgica é realizada com margens livres de patologia, uma vez que outros tratamentos oncológicos não têm se mostrado eficazes.

Ten-year Survival Rates for Women of Grand Bahama Island, The Bahamas, Diagnosed with Breast Cancer in 1988-2002 / Tasas de diez años de supervivencia en las mujeres de Gran Bahama, Bahamas, diagnosticadas con cáncer de mama en 1988-2002

ABSTRACT A total of 150 women from Grand Bahama Island, The Bahamas, with cancer of the breast were followed up for 10 years post-diagnosis to assess survival rates, not only generally, but also by age and stage of disease at diagnosis, the presence or absence of axillary lymph node metastases, the treatment modalities received, and the diagnostic periods. The patients' medical records and the death registers of the Medical Records Department of Rand Memorial Hospital (RMH), Grand Bahama Island, supplemented with data from the ledgers of the Pathology Department of RMH and from The Bahamas ' national death register, were utilized. By Pearson Chi-square and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, females who were 40 years old or younger lived significantly longer (71.2% of whom for at least 10 years; mean: 213.8 months) than those who were older than 40 years (42.9% of whom for at least 10 years; mean: 167.9 months). The absence or presence of axillary lymph node metastases also had a bearing on survival, with 71.9% surviving at least 10 years (mean: 243.9 months) versus 32.7% (mean: 108.1 months) respectively. Despite the accepted importance of the diagnostic stage of disease, the small sample size obtained allowed only a limited assessment of the influence of staging on the survival rates. Neither the treatment received nor the diagnostic periods had any significant influence on the survival rates. The establishment of a national cancer registry in The Bahamas would alleviate the problems due to retrieval of information and aid in the better management and follow-up of cancer. Because of a relatively young age at diagnosis, consideration must also be given to beginning mammography screening of Bahamian women at an age below 40 years.

RESUMEN Un total de 150 mujeres con cáncer de mama en Gran Bahama, Bahamas, recibieron un seguimiento de 10 años después del diagnóstico, a fin de evaluar las tasas de supervivencia. La evaluación de las tasas de supervivencia se realizó no sólo de manera general, sino también sobre la base de la edad y etapa de la enfermedad en el momento del diagnóstico, la presencia o ausencia de metástasis en los ganglios axilares, las modalidades de tratamiento recibidas, y los períodos de diagnóstico. A tal fin, se utilizaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes y los registros de defunción existentes en el Departamento de Historias Clínicas del Hospital Rand Memorial (HRM) de Gran Bahama, complementados con datos provenientes de los libros de archivo del Departamento de Patología de HRM y el Registro Nacional de Defunciones de Bahamas. Según el análisis de la supervivencia mediante Pearson Chi-Square y Kaplan-Meier, las mujeres de 40 años o más jóvenes vivieron significativamente más tiempo (71.2% de ellas por lo menos diez años; promedio: 213.8 meses) que las mayores de 40 años (42.9% de ellas por lo menos diez años; promedio: 167.9 meses). La ausencia o presencia de metástasis en los ganglios axilares también tuvo una incidencia en la supervivencia, sobreviviendo el 71.9% por lo menos 10 años (promedio: 243.9 meses) frente a un 32.7% (promedio: 108.1 meses) respectivamente. A pesar de la reconocida importancia de la etapa diagnóstica de la enfermedad, el pequeño tamaño de la muestra obtenida permitió sólo una evaluación limitada de la influencia de la estadificación en las tasas de supervivencia. Ni el tratamiento recibido ni los periodos de diagnóstico tuvieron influencia significativa en las tasas de supervivencia. El establecimiento de un registro nacional del cáncer en las Bahamas aliviaría los problemas relacionados con la recuperación de información y ayudaría a un mejor tratamiento y seguimiento del cáncer. Debido a la edad relativamente joven en que realiza el diagnóstico, debe considerarse también comenzar la investigación de la mamografia de las mujeres de las Bahamas antes de los 40 años.

Evaluación de la recurrencia de tumores musculoesqueléticos mediante gammagrafía complementada con SPECT/CT con talio-201 en población pediátrica / Evaluation of recurrence of musculoskeletal tumors with thallium-201 scintigraphy plus SPECT/CT in pediatric population

Resumen Introducción: Los estudios de imagen, como la tomografía simple y contrastada, son la primera aproximación diagnóstica para detectar la recurrencia de tumores musculoesqueléticos. El objetivo de este estudio retrospectivo fue demostrar la utilidad de la gammagrafía acoplada a tomografía computarizada por emisión de fotón único (SPECT/CT) con talio-201(201Tl) en la valoración de tumores musculoesqueléticos malignos con sospecha de recurrencia o enfermedad metastásica. Métodos: Se realizaron 72 estudios gammagráficos y de SPECT/CT para la valoración de la recurrencia locorregional y a distancia, al menos 8 semanas tras la última terapia, en 42 pacientes con diferentes tipos de tumores musculoesqueléticos malignos, como osteosarcoma, sarcoma de Ewing, rabdomiosarcoma, retinoblastoma, sarcoma sinovial y tumor de Wilms en el Hospital Infantil de México. Se calcularon el valor predictivo positivo (VPP) y el intervalo de confianza del gammagrama y de la SPECT/CT en comparación con el resultado del análisis histopatológico y el seguimiento clínico y radiológico para identificar la recurrencia. Resultados: La gammagrafía fue anormal en 30 (71.4%) de los 42 pacientes. Se detectaron 33 lesiones (30 pacientes) por gammagrafía y 25 (21 pacientes) por telerradiografía de tórax y tomografía de dos regiones. La SPECT/CT se realizó en 30 pacientes y se detectaron 12 lesiones adicionales al rastreo planar. El VPP con la gammagrafía fue del 82%, y con la SPECT/CT, del 100%. Conclusión: La gammagrafía con 201Tl puede considerarse un estudio adecuado para identificar los sitios de viabilidad tumoral, con alto grado de certeza diagnóstica al complementar con SPECT/CT.

Abstract Background: Imaging studies, particularly simple and contrast-enhanced tomography, constitute the first diagnostic approach to detect recurrence of musculoskeletal tumors. The aim of the present retrospective study was to demonstrate the usefulness of scintigraphy plus SPECT/CT (single photon emission computed tomography) with thallium-201 (201Tl) in the evaluation of malignant musculoskeletal tumors with suspicion of recurrence or metastatic disease. Methods: Eight weeks after the last therapy, 72 scintigraphy and SPECT/CT studies were performed to assess regional recurrence and metastatic disease in 42 patients with different types of malignant musculoskeletal tumors, such as osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, retinoblastoma, synovial sarcoma, and Wilms tumor at the Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez. The positive predictive value (PPV) and the confidence interval of the scintigraphy and SPECT/CT were calculated when compared with the results of the histopathological analysis and the clinical and radiological follow-up for the identification of recurrence. Results: Scintigraphy was abnormal in 30 (71.4%) of the 42 patients; 33 lesions (30 patients) were detected by scintigraphy and 25 lesions (21 patients) by chest X-ray and tomography of two regions. The SPECT/CT was performed on 30 patients, where 12 lesions were detected in addition to the planar scintigraphy. Scintigraphy showed a PPV of 82%; SPECT/CT, 100%. Conclusion: 201Tl-scintigraphy can be considered as an adequate study to identify the sites of tumor viability with a high degree of diagnostic certainty combined with the SPECT/CT technique.

Intramuscular schwannoma: clinical and magnetic resonance imaging features

<p><b>INTRODUCTION</b>Schwannomas that arise within the muscle plane are called intramuscular schwannomas. The low incidence of these tumours and the lack of specific clinical features make preoperative diagnosis difficult. Herein, we report our experience with intramuscular schwannomas. We present details of the clinical presentation, radiological diagnosis and management of these tumours.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between January 2011 and December 2013, 29 patients were diagnosed and treated for histologically proven schwannoma at the National University Hospital, Singapore. Among these 29 patients, eight (five male, three female) had intramuscular schwannomas.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean age of the eight patients was 40 (range 27-57) years. The most common presenting feature was a palpable mass. The mean interval between surgical treatment and the onset of clinical symptoms was 17.1 (range 4-72) months. Six of the eight tumours (75.0%) were located in the lower limb, while 2 (25.0%) were located in the upper limb. None of the patients had any preoperative neurological deficits. Tinel's sign was present in one patient. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging showed that the findings of split-fat sign, low signal margin and fascicular sign were present in all patients. The entry and exit sign was observed in 4 (50.0%) patients, a hyperintense rim was observed in 7 (87.5%) patients and the target sign was observed in 5 (62.5%) patients. All patients underwent microsurgical excision of the tumour and none developed any postoperative neurological deficits.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Intramuscular schwannomas demonstrate the findings of split-fat sign, low signal margin and fascicular sign on MR imaging. These findings are useful for the radiological diagnosis of intramuscular schwannoma.</p>

Lipoma subdeltoídeo como causa de síndrome do impacto no ombro – um relato de caso / Subdeltoid lipoma causing shoulder impingement syndrome – a case report

A síndrome do impacto é definida pela colisão dos tendões dos músculos que formam o manguito rotador contra o arco coracoacromial. Vários fatores concorrem para essa doença e são classificados como estruturais ou funcionais. Os primeiros são alterações do arco coracoacromial, úmero, bursa e manguito rotador; os fatores funcionais estão relacionados com o mecanismo de elevação do membro superior, por meio da atividade sincronizada e equilibrada entre o manguito rotador e os músculos da cintura escapular. Os autores relatam aqui, o caso de um lipoma parosteal do úmero proximal, situado entre os ventres musculares do deltoide, redondo menor e infraespinhal ocasionando os sinais clínicos da síndrome do impacto. Trata-se de uma ocorrência rara, caracterizada como uma causa estrutural para o desencadeamento dessa sintomatologia.

The impingement syndrome is defined by the compression of the rotator cuff tendons against the coracoacromial arch. Several factors contribute to this condition and they are classified as structural or functional factors. The former are changes in the coracoacromial arch, proximal humerus, bursa and rotator cuff, and the latter are related to the mechanism of the upper limb by means of synchronized activity and balanced between the rotator cuff and scapular girdle muscles. The authors report here a case of parosteal lipoma of the proximal humerus, located between the muscles deltoid, teres minor and infraspinatus causing clinical signs of impingement. It is a rare occurrence, characterized as a structural cause for the onset of this symptom.

Mixoma intramuscular: A propósito de tres casos / Intramuscular myxoma: Report of three cases

El mixoma intramuscular es un raro tumor benigno de tejidos blandos, de origen mesenquimal, que se presenta como masa de crecimiento lento, indolora, habitualmente en el muslo. El diagnóstico histológico es necesario antes de la resección, siendo la exéresis su tratamiento. No existen casos de malignización y su recurrencia se debe a resección incompleta. Presentamos tres casos de mixoma intramuscular tratados en nuestro centro entre los años 2004 y 2011. De este modo aprovechamos para realizar una revisión de la presentación clínica, diagnóstico, tratamiento y resultados funcionales de los mismos. En todos los casos se llevó a cabo el mismo protocolo diagnóstico y terapéutico, comenzando con la exploración física del paciente y realizando una ecografía y RMN como pruebas complementarias. Posteriormente una biopsia incisional del tumor para estudio anatomopatológico y finalmente la exéresis íntegra.

Intramuscular myxoma is a rare soft tissue benign tumor, arising from the mesenchyma; it presents as a slow-growing painless mass located usually in the thigh. Histologic diagnosis is necessary before resection and treatment consists of exeresis. There are no cases of malignization and recurrence results from incomplete resection. We report herein three cases of intramuscular myxoma treated at our center from 2004 to 2011. At the same time, we conducted a review of the clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and functional results. The same diagnostic and therapeutic protocol was used in all cases. It began with the patient’s physical exam, and ultrasound and MRI as complementary tests. An incisional biopsy of the tumor was taken for anatomopathological studies and, finally, complete exeresis was performed.

Intramuscular lipoma of the subscapularis muscle / Lipoma intramuscular no musculo subescapular

CONTEXT: Intramuscular lipomas are benign tumors that infiltrate the muscles. CASE REPORT: We describe the case of a 58-year-old female patient with an axillary lump. The lump was a lipoma inside the subscapularis muscle. It is important to differentiate these lesions from liposarcomas and from other diseases that may present as axillary lumps. The most accurate imaging method for differentiating benign lipomatous tumors from liposarcomas is magnetic resonance imaging, but surgical removal of these intramuscular lesions to confirm the diagnosis is recommended. CONCLUSION: Intramuscular lipomas are a rare cause of benign axillary lumps and should be considered in making differential diagnoses on axillary masses. .

CONTEXTO: Lipomas intramusculares são tumores benignos que infiltram os músculos. RELATO DE CASO: Descrevemos o caso de uma paciente de 58 anos com nódulo axilar. O nódulo era um lipoma na intimidade do músculo subescapular. É importante diferenciar essas lesões de lipossarcomas e outras doenças que podem acometer a axila. O método de imagem mais eficaz para diferenciar lesão lipomatosa benigna do lipossarcoma é a ressonância magnética, mas é recomendada a remoção cirúrgica dessas lesões intramusculares para confirmar o diagnóstico. CONCLUSÃO: Lipomas intramusculares são causas raras de nódulos axilares benignos e devem ser considerados no diagnóstico diferencial dessas lesões. .

Novel Combination Markers for Predicting Survival in Patients with Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: USP18 and DGCR2

We performed gene expression profiling in bladder cancer patients to identify cancer-specific survival-related genes in muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) patients. Sixty-two patients with MIBC were selected as the original cohort and another 118 MIBC patients were chosen as a validation cohort. The expression of USP18, DGCR2, and ZNF699 genes were measured and we analyzed the association between gene signatures and survival. USP18 and DGCR2, were significantly correlated to cancer-specific death (P=0.020, P=0.007, respectively). Cancer-specific survival in the low USP18 or DGCR2 expression group was significantly longer than the high expression group (P=0.018, P=0.006, respectively). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, a combination of USP18 and DGCR2 mRNA expression levels were significant risk factors for cancer-specific death (HR, 2.106; CI, 1.043-4.254, P=0.038). Overall survival and cancer-specific survival rates in the low-combination group were significantly longer than those in the high-expression group (P=0.001, both). In conclusion, decreased expressions of USP18 and DGCR2 were significantly associated with longer cancer-specific survival, and also the combination of two genes was correlated to a longer survival for MIBC patients. Thus, the combination of USP18 and DGCR2 expression was shown to be a reliable prognostic marker for cancer-specific survival in MIBC.

Soft tissue metastases from differentiated thyroid cancer diagnosed by 18F FDG PET-CT / Metástases em tecidos moles de câncer de tireoide diagnosticadas por 18F FDG PET-CT

Distant metastases of differentiated thyroid cancer are unusual; lung and bones are the most frequently affected sites. Soft tissue metastases (STM) are extremely rare. We describe two cases of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer metastasizing to soft tissues. Both patients had widespread metastatic disease; clinically asymptomatic soft tissue metastases were found by 18-Fluordeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F FDG PET-CT), and confirmed by cytological and/or histopathological studies. These findings underscore the ability of 18F FDG PET-CT in accurately assessing the extent of the disease, as well as the utility of the method to evaluate regions of the body that are not routinely explored.

As metástases a distância em carcinoma diferenciado de tireoide são raras. Pulmão e ossos são os lugares mais frequentemente atingidos. As metástases em tecidos moles são extremamente infrequentes. Neste artigo, descrevemos dois casos de pacientes com câncer diferenciado de tireoide com metástases em tecidos moles. Ambos os pacientes padeciam de enfermidade avançada. As metástases em partes moles foram assintomáticas e detectadas mediante 18-Fluordeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F FDG PET-CT), sendo confirmadas por citologia e/ou histopatologia. Esses achados ressaltam o valor do 18F FDG PET-CT para a avaliação correta da extensão da enfermidade e a utilidade do método para avaliar regiões do corpo que não são exploradas nos estudos de rotina.

Hibernoma of the neck: a case report

Hibernoma denotes a tumor derived from brown fat. It is an uncommon tumor that has been described only in a few case reports and small series. Although it is usually found in the interscapular region, it has also been reported in sites where brown fat is less common. Only a few cases have been described in the neck region. We report a case of 47 years old man who was admitted with history of a mass in his posterior cervical region. Upon surgical excision, a soft encapsulated mass was found which pathologically was consistent with hibernoma

A rare case of primary muscular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and a review of how imaging can assist in its diagnosis

Primary malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the muscle is rare. Currently, imaging tools are necessary to enable its diagnosis. Herein, we report the case of a patient who presented with swelling and pain in the right thigh and pelvis. Computed tomography findings revealed isodense masses in the patient's right thigh and left iliacus muscle, leading to the initial diagnosis of either primary muscular lymphoma or soft tissue sarcoma. Further investigation with magnetic resonance imaging was done, and a biopsy was performed. The ensuing histological diagnosis was that of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Intramuscular haemangioma of the triceps muscle

Intramuscular haemangioma are subset of vascular tumours of skeletal muscle. Haemangioma of the deep soft tissue are uncommon and more frequently present a diagnostic dilemma. Intramuscular haemangioma is most frequently located in the muscles of the lower extremities. We present a case of intramuscular haemangioma of triceps muscle of right arm in proximity to brachial vessels with compression on median nerve. Haemangioma ws successfully excised without any complication

Value of 3T magnetic resonance dynamic contrast-enhanced and diffusion-weighted imaging in differential diagnosis of musculoskeletal tumors / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the value of magnetic resonance dynamic contrast-enhanced (MR-DCE) and magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging (MR-DWI) in the differentiation of benign and malignant musculoskeletal tumors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-three patients with pathologically confirmed musculoskeletal tumors were examined with MR-DCE and MR-DWI. Using single shot spin echo planar imaging sequence and different b values of 400, 600, 800 and 1000 s/mm(2), we obtained the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the lesions. ADC values were measured before and after MR-DCE, with a b value of 600 s/mm(2). The 3D fast acquired multiple phase enhanced fast spoiled gradient recalled echo sequence was obtained for multi-slice of the entire lesion. The time-signal intensity curve (TIC), dynamic contrast-enhanced parameters, maximum slope of increase (MSI), positive enhancement integral, signal enhancement ratio, and time to peak (T(peak)) were also recorded.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>ADC showed no significant difference between benign and malignant tumors when the b value was 400, 600, 800, or 1000 s/mm(2), and it was not significantly different between benign and malignant tumors in both pre-MR-DCE and post-MR-DCE with b value of 600 s/mm(2). TIC were classified into four types type1 showed rapid progression and gradual drainage; type2 showed rapid progression but had no or slight progression; type 3 showed gradual progression; and type 4 had no or slight progression. Most lesions of type1 or type2 were malignant, whereas most lesions of type 3 or type 4 were benign. When using type1 and type 2 as the standards of malignancy, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity was 87.23% and 50.00%, respectively. The types of TIC showed significant difference between benign and malignant musculoskeletal tumors(χ(2)=17.009,P=0.001). When using MSI 366.62 ± 174.84 as the standard of malignancy, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity was 86.78% and 78.67%, respectively. When using T(peak)≤70s as the standard of malignancy, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity was 82.89%and 85.78%, respectively. Positive enhancement integral and signal enhancement ratio showed no significant difference between benign and malignant musculoskeletal tumors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>TIC, MSI and T(peak) of MR-DCE are valuable in differentiating benign from malignant musculoskeletal tumors. T(peak) has the highest diagnostic specificity, and TIC has the highest diagnostic sensitivity. The mean ADC value are no significant difference between benign and malignant tumors.</p>

Isolated Bowel Endometriosis Resembling a Myogenic Tumor on Endoscopic Ultrasonography

No abstract available.

Intermuscular lipoma of the submandibular space.

Deep lipomas, especially in the head and neck region, are uncommon. This report describes the case of a patient with a large intermuscular lipoma of the submandibular space, which had been present for 10 years and was diagnosed by computed tomography. The clinical, imaging, and histopathological features, as well as the management of the tumor, are described.