Valor de la tomografía abdominal para el diagnóstico del fibroleiosarcoma yeyunal / Abdominal tomography importance on the Leiomyosarcoma of jejunum diagnosis

RESUMEN Se presentó el caso de un paciente de 49 años de edad, que acudió a la consulta de Medicina Interna del Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto" por perder unas 20 libras de peso en dos meses y presentar heces fecales con aspecto aparente a "borra de café". El examen físico reveló desnutrición ligera y mucosas hipocoloreas. El ultrasonido abdominal mostró en hipocondrio y flanco izquierdo una imagen hipoecogénica heterogénea polilobulada que midió 68x61 mm con aspecto de paquete adenomegálico. En la tomografía computarizada de abdomen se identificó una imagen con densidad entre 33 y 57 UH, de 100 x 80 mm, polilobulada en topografía del yeyuno, que con el estudio contrastado realzó hasta 67 UH con aspecto tumoral. Se realizó resección quirúrgica del tumor con anastomosis termino-terminal. La biopsia informó fibroleiomiosarcoma. Se concluye que el estudio de las imágenes resulta útil para el diagnóstico de esta enfermedad.

ABSTRACT A 49-year-old patient presented to the internal medicine consultation office at the "Dr. Agostinho Neto" General teaching Hospital because of weight loss (20 pounds) and black stools in a period of 2 months before the evaluation. The physical examination revealed mild malnutrition and hypochlorous mucous membranes. The abdominal ultrasound image in the left hypochondrium showed a heterogeneous - polylobate - hypoechogenic mass measuring 68 x 61 mm with appearance of an adenomelagia. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen revealed an image with a density of 33 and 57 Hounsfield units (HU), measured 100 mm by 80 mm, polylobulated in jejunum topography, which with the contrasted study enhanced up to 67 UH with a tumor appearance. Surgical resection of the tumor with termino-terminal anastomosis was performed. Tumor biopsy diagnosed leiomyosarcoma. It was concluded that the study of the images was useful for the diagnosis of this disease.

Jejunal stromal tumor and neurofibromatosis / Tumor estromal de jejuno e neurofibromatose

Abstract Gastrointestinal stromal tumors, although rare, are the most common primary mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract and originate from the interstitial cells of Cajal. They present slow growth and symptoms such as bleeding, abdominal pain or discomfort, and the presence of an abdominal mass. The most affected organs are the stomach and small intestine. Differential diagnoses for gastrointestinal stromal tumor include adenocarcinoma and small intestine lymphoma, metastasis, and carcinoid tumor. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors have been associated with familial syndromes such as type 1 neurofibromatosis, considered a predisposing factor for tumors in the small intestine. This study aimed to report a case of gastrointestinal stromal tumor in the jejunal region in a patient with type 1 neurofibromatosis, followed-up for two years, who underwent laparoscopic segmental enterectomy and diagnosis determined by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The diagnosis of small intestine gastrointestinal stromal tumor is challenging because of its low incidence, nonspecific symptoms, relative inaccessibility of the small intestine to conventional endoscopic examination, broad spectrum of radiological appearances, and the fact that the nature of the mass is difficult to determine with imaging examinations of the abdomen alone. Thus, the small intestine gastrointestinal stromal tumor may be erroneously diagnosed as pancreatic, gynecological, or mesenteric tumors. The literature does not present many reports on the association of jejunal gastrointestinal stromal tumor with neurofibromatosis. Understanding the tumoral behavior of small intestine gastrointestinal stromal tumor in this subgroup of patients would allow better follow-up.

Resumo Os tumores estromais gastrointestinais, embora raros, são as neoplasias mesenquimais primárias mais comuns do trato gastrointestinal e originam-se das células intersticiais de Cajal. Apresentam crescimento lento e manifestam sintomas como sangramento, dor ou desconforto abdominal e presença de massa abdominal. Os órgãos mais acometidos são estômago e intestino delgado. Os diagnósticos diferenciais para tumores estromais gastrointestinais incluem adenocarcinoma e linfoma de intestino delgado, metástases e tumor carcinoide. Os tumores estromais gastrointestinais têm sido associados a síndromes familiares como a neurofibromatose tipo 1, considerada um fator predisponente para tumores no intestino delgado. O objetivo desse trabalho é relatar um caso de tumor estromal gastrointestinal em região jejunal em paciente portadora de neurofibromatose tipo 1, com 2 anos de seguimento, submetida a enterectomia segmentar laparoscópica e diagnóstico determinados pela histopatologia e imuno-histoquímica. O diagnóstico de tumor estromal gastrointestinal do intestino delgado é desafiador, devido a sua baixa incidência, sintomas inespecíficos, relativa inacessibilidade do intestino delgado ao exame endoscópico convencional, amplo espectro de aparências radiológicas e difícil determinação da natureza da massa apenas com exames de imagens do abdome. Assim, tumor estromal gastrointestinal no intestino delgado podem ser erroneamente diagnosticados como tumores pancreáticos, tumores ginecológicos, ou tumores do mesentério. A descrição científica da associação de tumor estromal gastrointestinal de jejuno com neurofibromatose é incomum. Tais descrições permitem melhor seguimento dos pacientes a partir do momento que se entende o comportamento tumoral do tumor estromal gastrointestinal de intestino delgado nesse subgrupo de pacientes.

Adenocarcinoma of the Proximal Jejunum Misdiagnosed as Gastroparesis

The prevalence of small bowel cancer is relatively low. The abdominal pain that patients with small bowel cancer present as a symptom is non-specific and often interpreted as a normal finding on radiographic studies. To prevent delayed diagnosis of small bowel cancer, practitioners must maintain a certain level of suspicion. We report a case of delayed diagnosis of jejunal cancer as it was misdiagnosed as gastroparesis. A 69-year-old woman complained of recurrent nausea and vomiting. At the beginning of her hospitalization, we could not diagnose mechanical obstruction through esophagogastroduodenoscopy and abdominal computed tomography. A gastric emptying study revealed delayed gastric emptying. Although the patients received treatments, including administration of prokinetics and botulinum toxin injection, for gastroparesis, her symptoms aggravated. Subsequently, plain radiography of the abdomen revealed a double-bubble sign. Abdominal computed tomography was performed under the suspicion of small bowel obstruction; however, the diagnosis was not clear. Consequently, exploratory laparoscopy was performed. She underwent surgical management, including small bowel segmental resection and duodenojejunostomy, due to the jejunal mass with involvement of the stomach, pancreatic head, and mesentery of the transverse colon. The postoperative pathological results revealed a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the jejunum.

Adenocarcinoma de yeyuno: infrecuente cáncer gastrointestinal / Adenocarcinoma of jejunum: an infrequent type of intestinal cancer

Los tumores de intestino delgado son infrecuentes, generalmente se presentan con cuadros clínicos inespecíficos y la mayoría de los diagnósticos se hacen en etapas avanzadas de la enfermedad. Se presenta un paciente de sexo masculino de 58 años de edad, con dolor abdominal generalizado, intermitente, vómitos ocasionales, pérdida de peso y llenura posprandial, de dos meses de evolución. Ingresó con manifestaciones clínicas de obstrucción intestinal, y en una tomografía abdómino-pélvica se observó disminución abrupta del calibre en el yeyuno proximal. Se le practicó una laparotomía en la que se evidenció una lesión obstructiva del yeyuno que se resecó y se anastomosó el segmento. En la histopatología se reportó adenocarcinoma de yeyuno moderadamente diferenciado T3N0M0. Presentó una evolución favorable

Small bowel tumors are infrequent. Adenocarcinoma of the jejunum constitutes a rare diagnosis. It usually presents with nonspecific clinical symptoms and most patients are diagnosed in advanced stages of the disease. We present the case of a 58-year-old man with a diagnosis of jejunal adenocarcinoma, intermittent generalized abdominal pain, occasional vomiting, weight loss and postprandial fullness of two months of evolution. The patient was admitted with intestinal obstruction, with an abdominopelvic tomography showing abrupt caliber reduction at the level of the proximal jejunum. A laparotomy was performed, where an obstructive lesion was evidenced in the jejunum; resection was performed primary anastomosis. Histopathology reported moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma T3N0M0. The patient has had a favorable evolution

Most small bowel cancers are revealed by a complication / A maioria dos cânceres de intestino delgado são revelados por uma complicação

ABSTRACT Objective To characterize the pattern of primary small bowel cancers in a tertiary East-European hospital. Methods A retrospective study of patients with small bowel cancers admitted to a tertiary emergency center, over the past 15 years. Results There were 57 patients with small bowel cancer, representing 0.039% of admissions and 0.059% of laparotomies. There were 37 (64.9%) men, mean age of 58 years; and 72 years for females. Out of 57 patients, 48 (84.2%) were admitted due to an emergency situation: obstruction in 21 (38.9%), perforation in 17 (31.5%), upper gastrointestinal bleeding in 8 (14.8%), and lower gastrointestinal bleeding in 2 (3.7%). There were 10 (17.5%) duodenal tumors, 21 (36.8%) jejunal tumors and 26 (45.6%) ileal tumors. The most frequent neoplasms were gastrointestinal stromal tumor in 24 patients (42.1%), adenocarcinoma in 19 (33.3%), lymphoma in 8 (14%), and carcinoids in 2 (3.5%). The prevalence of duodenal adenocarcinoma was 14.55 times greater than that of the small bowel, and the prevalence of duodenal stromal tumors was 1.818 time greater than that of the small bowel. Obstruction was the complication in adenocarcinoma in 57.9% of cases, and perforation was the major local complication (47.8%) in stromal tumors. Conclusion Primary small bowel cancers are usually diagnosed at advanced stages, and revealed by a local complication of the tumor. Their surgical management in emergency setting is associated to significant morbidity and mortality rates.

RESUMO Objetivo Caracterizar o padrão de neoplasias malignas primárias do intestino delgado em um hospital terciário de Leste Europeu. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo de pacientes com câncer de intestino delgado, internados em um hospital terciário e de emergência, ao longo dos últimos 15 anos. Resultados Foram avaliados 57 pacientes com neoplasias malignas gastrintestinais, o que representou 0,039% das admissões e 0,059% das laparotomias realizadas. Total de 37 (64,9%) pacientes masculinos, média de idade de 58 anos, e de 72 anos para mulheres. Dentre os 57 pacientes, 48 (84,2%) foram internados em situação de emergência: obstrução intestinal em 21 (38,9%), perfuração em 17 (31,5%), hemorragia digestiva alta em 8 (14,8%), e hemorragia digestiva baixa em 2 (3,7%). Houve 10 (17,5%) tumores duodenais, 21 (36,8%) jejunais e 26 (45,6%) ileais. As neoplasias mais frequentes foram tumor estromal gastrintestinal, em 24 (42,1%) pacientes, adenocarcinoma em 19 (33,3%), linfoma em 8 (14%) e carcinoides em 2 (3,5%). A prevalência de adenocarcinoma duodenal foi 14,55 vezes maior do que a do intestino delgado, e a prevalência de tumores estromais duodenais foi 1,818 vez maior do que a do intestino delgado. A obstrução intestinal foi complicação do adenocarcinoma em 57,9% dos casos, e a perfuração foi a principal complicação local (47,8%) dos tumores estromais. Conclusão As neoplasias malignas primárias do intestino delgado foram geralmente diagnosticadas em estado avançado e reveladas por uma complicação local do tumor. O tratamento cirúrgico em situação de emergência está associado à significativa morbimortalidade.

A Surgically Resected Large Sarcomatoid Carcinoma of the Jejunum: A Case Report and Literature Review

Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the small intestine is rare, and only 30 cases have been reported to date. This disease generally exhibits a very poor prognosis. Here we report the case of a 67-year-old man with a sarcomatoid carcinoma in the jejunum, who was hospitalized for diarrhea, fever, nausea, and vomiting. The tumor was located at the jejunum and had a large round shape with geographic necrosis. It involved the entire wall of the small intestine and had directly invaded the neighboring sigmoid colon. Both lobes of the liver had multiple metastases. The patient underwent surgical resection of the jejunum. On immunohistochemical analysis, the tumor was positive for epithelial and mesenchymal markers. The patient died from rapid progression of the liver metastases 6 weeks after the surgery.

Type II enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma: a clinicopathologic study / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinicopathologic features, immunohistochemical findings, differential diagnosis and prognosis of type II enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fourteen cases of type II EATL encountered in Department of Pathology, Nanjing General Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical data, histologic features, immunohistochemical findings and follow-up information were analyzed, with literature review.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were altogether 12 males and 2 females. The median age of patient was 49 years. The sites of involvement included jejunum (10 cases) and ileum/colon (4 cases). The patients often presented with an abdominal mass, abdominal pain, diarrhea and constitutional symptoms such as fever, night sweating and cachexia. There was no clinical evidence of gluten-sensitive enteropathy. Histologically, the lymphoma cells showed full-thickness infiltration of the intestinal wall. They contained round hyperchromatic nuclei and pale cytoplasm. The stroma was minimally inflamed, with or without associated coagulative necrosis. A remarkable finding was the presence of villous atrophy, cryptal hyperplasia and intraepithelial lymphocytosis. Immunohistochemical study showed that the tumor cells expressed CD3, CD43 and CD8 (14/14). Some of them were also positive for CD56 (11/14) and CD30 (2/14). The staining for CD4, CD20, CD79a and myeloperoxidase was negative. A high proliferation index was demonstrated by Ki-67 immunostain. In-situ hybridization for EBER was negative. Follow-up data were available in 9 cases. The duration of follow-up ranged from 6 months to 36 months. Seven patients died within 14 months.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>EATL is a rare type of lymphoma with intestinal involvement. Associated enteropathy is not demonstrated, in contrast to cases encountered in Nordic countries. A correct diagnosis requires evaluation of clinical manifestations, pathologic features and ancillary study results.</p>

Clinical Characteristics of Lower Gastrointestinal Cancer in Crohn's Disease: Case Series of 5 Patients

Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that can involve the entire gastrointestinal tract. Several studies indicate that Crohn's patients with long disease duration have an increased risk of small bowel or colorectal cancer. In Korea, only a few cases of Crohn's disease-related small bowel or colorectal cancer have been reported. Here, we described 3 cases of colorectal cancer and 2 cases of small bowel cancer in patients with Crohn's disease. Among 5 patients, 3 had Crohn's disease-related lower gastrointestinal malignancy and the other 2 had sporadic lower gastrointestinal malignancies. Since the diagnosis of Crohn's disease-related lower gastrointestinal malignancy tends to be delayed, the development of malignancy should be considered in patients with long duration of Crohn's disease if patients have refractory symptoms despite intensive medical treatment. Surgical consultation should not be delayed.

Primary jejunal adenocarcinoma

Primary adenocarcinoma of small bowel is an infrequent neoplasm that presents with nonspecific symptoms. We report a case of 47 -year old man with adenocarcinoma of jejunum presenting with proximal small bowel obstruction, weight loss and abdominal mass. Abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography showed a mass involving the proximal jejunum causing partial obstruction. On exploration a mass arising from jejunum was found one foot distal to ligament of Treitz which was resected en-block. Histopathological examination revealed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of jejunum pT[3] N[o] M[x]. 5 - fluorouracil was administered as adjuvant chemotherapy

Tumores primarios del yeyuno-íleon: correlación clínico-patológica / Jejunoileal primary tumors: experience in 24 patients

Background: Short bowel tumors correspond to 2 percent of gastrointestinal tract tumors and are the third cause of bowel obstruction. Aim: To perform a clinico-pathological correlation of jejunoileal tumors. Patients and Methods: Retrospective revision of medical records of patients operated for a primary jejunoileal tumor in a period of 17 years, excluding duodenal tumors. Results: Twenty four patients were identified, seven had gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), six had a carcinoid tumor and five had lymphomas. GIST predominantly involved distal jejunum and proximal ileum, while carcinoid tumors and lymphomas tended to involve the distal ileum. The main clinical presentation of GIST was gastrointestinal bleeding. Carcinoid tumors presented mostly as bowel occlusion and lymphomas as bowel perforation. Benign lesions tended to present as intussusception. CAT scan and CAT enteroclysis allowed the preoperative diagnosis in 20 patients. Immunohistochemistry was relevant for the pathological diagnosis and radical surgery was the basis of treatment. Prognosis depended on the pathology of the tumor, the degree of malignancy and the tumor stage at the moment of diagnosis. Conclusions: Excluding duodenum, GIST and carcinoid tumors account for 65 percent of primary malignant tumors of jejunum and ileum. Some clues for the diagnosis can be obtained from the clinical picture of the patients.

Objetivo: Establecer una correlación clínico-patológico de los tumores primarios de yeyuno e íleon (Y-I). Pacientes y Método: Revisión retrospectiva que incluye todos los pacientes intervenidos por un tumor primario de Y-I, con exclusión de los tumores de duodeno, en un período de 17 años. Resultados: 24 pacientes, destacando 7 tumores GIST, 6 carcinoides y 5 linfomas. Predominio de sexo masculino (20/4), distribución por edad variable según el tipo de tumor (promedio 55,5 años en los GIST, 64 años en los tumores carcinoides y 50 años en los linfomas). Es llamativo el compromiso del yeyuno y de íleon proximal de los GIST, mientras que los tumores carcinoides y el linfoma afectan de preferencia al íleon terminal. En la presentación clínica predomina la hemorragia digestiva en los GIST, la obstrucción intestinal incompleta en los carcinoides, la perforación en los linfomas, la obstrucción aguda en los adenocarcinomas y la intususcepción en las lesiones benignas. La tomografía computada (TC) y la enteroclisis por TC permitió el diagnóstico preoperatorio en 20 pacientes. La inmunohistoquímica (IHQ) es relevante en el diagnóstico histopatológico de certeza y la cirugía radical con R0 es la base del tratamiento de estas lesiones. El pronóstico depende del tipo histológico, el grado de malignidad y la etapa al momento del diagnóstico. Excluyendo el duodeno, el GIST y los tumores carcinoides representan más de la mitad del global y el 65 por ciento de las neoplasias malignas primarias que afectan el segmento Y-I. Conclusión: A pesar de la rareza y de la heterogeneidad de estos tumores, es posible reconocer una correlación clínico patológica útil en el manejo quirúrgico de los tumores primarios de Y-I.

Tumores primarios del estroma gastrointestinal (GIST) localizados en yeyuno e íleon: reporte de un caso / Primary gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) presenting in jejunum and ileum: a case report

Introduction. Multiple primary gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are an infrequent finding in patients without known risk factors for this condition, such as type I neurofibromatosis or Carney’s triad. Benign and malignant tumors might coexist in the same patient. We discuss one case of a benign jejunal GIST and a malignant ileal GIST coexisting in the same patient. Case Report. A 46-years-old male patient presented with a distal ileum perforated GIST and a small non-complicated proximal jejunum GIST diagnosed by computerized tomography. The patient was submitted to surgery and both tumors were managed without incidents. Discussion. Radiological and pathological characteristics of GIST are clearly established, this clinical case highlights those characteristics and illustrates an uncommon clinical scenario in patients without known risk factors for multiple GIST.

Introducción: Los tumores múltiples del estroma gastrointestinal (GIST), son un hallazgo infrecuente en pacientes sin factores de riesgo como neurofibromatosis tipo I o tríada de Carney. En estos casos pueden coexistir GIST benignos y malignos en un mismo paciente. El presente reporte discute el caso de un paciente que se presenta con un GIST maligno perforado de íleon distal y con un GIST benigno de yeyuno proximal. Reporte de caso: Paciente masculino de 46 años de edad que se presentó con un GIST de íleon distal perforado y un pequeño GIST no complicado de yeyuno proximal diagnosticados mediante tomografía abdominal. Ambos tumores se resolvieron quirúrgicamente sin incidentes. Discusión: Las características anatomopatológicas y radiológicas de los GIST se encuentran actualmente claramente establecidas, el presente caso remarca estas características e ilustra una situación clínica poco habitual en pacientes sin factores de riesgo para GIST múltiples.

A Case of Multiple Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor of the Jejunum Which Was Diagnosed by Capsule Endoscopy / 대한소화기학회지

More than 90% cases of chronic gastrointestinal bleeding can be diagnosed by upper endoscopy and/or colonoscopy, and therefore, obscure gastrointestinal bleeding has been defined as bleeding of unknown origin that persists after these conventional endoscopic evaluation. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare tumors, but the most common form of mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Small bowel is the second most common primary site for GISTs, and accounts for 2-10% of chronic bleeding sites. GISTs usually present as a sporadic and solitary tumor, and a minority of the cases of multiple GISTs are discovered as forms of hereditary or idiopathic tumor syndromes. Small bowel tumor has been difficult to diagnose because of absence of accurate and proper diagnostic tools. Recently developed wireless capsule endoscopy helps in the diagnostic work-up of small bowel diseases. We report a case of multiple jejunal GISTs presenting melena in a 39-year-old male, which was diagnosed with wireless capsule endoscopy.

Hemorragia digestiva baja recurrente secundaria a GIST de yeyuno / Recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding caused by a jejunal GIST

We report a 39 years old male with a history of three episodes of hematochezia and severe anemia. Upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopies were normal. Labeled red blood cell scan, selective angiography and abdominal CAT scan identified a bleeding solid jejunal mass that was excised. The pathological report showed a gastrointestinal stromal tumor measuring 6 cm in diameter, with medium malignancy (two mitoses in 50 high magnification fields). Immunohistochemistry showed that it was CD 117 positive and CD 34 negative, smooth muscle actin and S 100 were positive in the malignant cells. After eight years of follow up, the patient is disease free.

La hemorragia digestiva baja (HDB) representa la forma clínica de presentación más frecuente de los tumores del estroma gastrointestinal (GIST) del segmento yeyuno-íleon. El diagnóstico es complejo por las dificultades para acceder a este nivel del tubo digestivo y habitualmente se efectúa después de varias hospitalizaciones. Se presenta el caso de un paciente varón de 39 años con tres episodios de hDb con anemia intensa (Hto 18 por ciento) cuyo estudio endoscópico alto y bajo no reveló anormalidades. La cintigrafía con glóbulos rojos marcados con Tc 99, la arteriografía selectiva y la tomografía computada de abdomen permitieron identificar una masa sólida de 5 cm en la zona paravertebral izquierda a nivel de L5, la que fue intervenida con el diagnóstico probable de GIST de intestino delgado. Se efectuó una pequeña resección yeyunal con anastomosis manual y el estudio histopatológico confirmó la presencia de un GIST de malignidad intermedia (6 cm, 2 mitosis en 50 campos de aumento mayor); IHQ compatible: CD 117: positivo; CD 34 negativo; Actina músculo liso y S 100: positivo focal en las células neoplásicas). Evolución alejada sin complicaciones luego de 8 años de seguimiento. El método diagnóstico más relevante en la actualidad es el Angio-TAC.

Enfermedad Celiaca y Obstrucción Intestinal por Linfoma de Células T / Celiac disease and intestinal obstruction by T cell lymphoma

Paciente varón de 55 años, raza blanca (ascendencia española), natural y procedente de Ayacucho, que ingresó por una enfermedad de seis meses de evolución, caracterizada por dolor abdominal tipo cólico y baja ponderal de 10 Kg. Había estado hospitalizado seis meses antes y dado de alta con el diagnóstico de síndrome de intestino irritable. Entre sus antecedentes refería intolerancia a la lactosa y artritis reumatoidea. Los exámenes mostraron: Hb:12 g/dl, leucocitos: 5260 cel/mm, abastonados: 11%, albúmina: 2,7 mg/ml y VSG: 33mm/h. El resto de exámenes -incluyendo los marcadores tumorales- fueron normales. El tránsito gastrointestinal mostraba las asas delgadas con fragmentación del bario y dilatación focal moderada de un asa yeyunal distal. La tomografía de tórax, abdomen y pelvis sin alteraciones; Rx tórax normal. La colonoscopia fue normal; el íleon tenía pocos pliegues y pequeñas nodulaciones, las biopsias indicaron "ileitis inespecífica". La endoscopia mostró gastritis y una cicatriz de úlcera duodenal; la mucosa duodenal mostraba áreas con aspecto de mosaico rosado-blanquecino. La biopsia duodenal evidenció acortamiento de vellosidades, infiltrado inflamatorio crónico e incremento de linfocitos intraepiteliales, hallazgos compatibles con los criterios de celiaquía Marsh-tipo 3. Los anticuerpos IgA antiendomisio y antitransglutaminasa tisular estaban incrementados. Durante su hospitalización aumentó el dolor y aparecieron signos de obstrucción. En la laparotomía se encontraron una tumoración yeyunal estenosante y una perforación adyacente. El espécimen mostró un linfoma intestinal de células T. Se ha demostrado que existen más celiacos subclínicos que celiacos con esprue clásico; el conocimiento de esta situación nos debe llevar a tenerla presente por sus complicaciones o asociaciones, una de las cuales es el linfoma primario intestinal.

A male patient, 55 years old, born in Ayacucho, with Spanish ancestors, was hospitalized through emergency referring abdominal pain, and 10 kilograms weight loss. Six months before he was diagnosed as having irritable bowel syndrome. His previous diseases were rheumatoid arthritis and intolerance to lactose. Laboratory results were: Hb 12 gr./dL, white cells 5200 per mm3, albumin 2.7 gr./dL, erythrocyte sedimentation rate 32 mm/hr., and tumor markers were negative. Radiographic study of the small bowel showed barium fragmentation, and a focal dilation in distal jejunum. Chest X-ray and CT scan of thorax, abdomen and pelvis were normal. Colonoscopy was normal for colonic mucosa, but in ileum it showed an irregular mucosa, little nodules and fewer folds than usual. Biopsy from ileum demonstrated unspecific inflammation. Upper endoscopy showed gastritis, a duodenum scar ulcer and an irregular mosaic pattern pink and white. Duodenum biopsy demonstrated short villi, chronic inflammation and an increase in the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes, all these was consistent with celiac disease Marsh 3. Antibodies anti-endomisium and anti-transglutaminase were positive. After some days he developed signs of bowel obstruction and was operated. A tumor was found in jejunum with a bowel perforation. Pathological study showed a small bowel T-cell lymphoma. Fortunately this patient did well, and was sent home to continue treatment on ambulatory basis. Celiac disease is more common than what is thought, and it has been demonstrated that there are more persons with subclinical celiac disease, than those with the typical clinical pattern. It is necessary to be aware of this disease to improve diagnosis in order to avoid late complications as small bowel lymphoma.

GIST Yeyunal con Sangrado Digestivo de Origen Oscuro / Jejunal GIST with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding

Reportamos el caso de una mujer de 84 años con antecedentes de arritmia cardiaca y hemorroides. Tenía múltiples hospitalizaciones y transfusiones por anemia ferropénica sintomática; los estudios endoscópicos solo demostraron divertículos y pequeños pòlipos de colon. Posteriormente fue hospitalizada por presentar heces sanguinolentas de color rojo vinoso; la endoscopia alta indicó gastritis y la colonoscopia mostró pequeñas úlceras colónicas, un pólipo colónico y múltiples divertículos. Meses después, reingresó con hemorragia de origen oscuro; en esa ocasión se demostraron: gastritis, erosiones antrales, pequeños pólipos colónicos y úlceras colónicas en vías de cicatrización; la cápsula endoscópica mostró probable angiodisplasia en yeyuno medio, la enteroscopia anterógrada detectó en yeyuno proximal algunas lesiones eritematosas sin evidencia de sangrado activo. Volvió a ser hospitalizada por melena y dolor abdominal, la endoscopia alta mostró angiodisplasias gástricas y duodenales que fueron tratadas. El último ingreso indicó un tiempo de enfermedad de dos años, el episodio se caracterizó por presentar deposiciones rojo vinosas y anemia. La endoscopia mostró angiodisplasia gástrica, que fue tratada con termocoagulación con argón plasma. En el examen no presentó signos de descompensación hipovolémica. Enfocado como un problema de hemorragia digestiva de origen oscuro se repitieron varios exámenes endoscópicos sin resultados. Resangró estando hospitalizada, se realizó cápsula endoscópica que demostró sangrado agudo en yeyuno, se complementó con nueva enteroscopia anterógrada que mostró lesiones ulceradas de yeyuno, se marcó el área con tinta china y se indicó laparotomía exploratoria. En la intervención quirúrgica se encontró en borde antimesentérico de yeyuno, una tumoración redondeada (6x6x4.5 cm) de crecimiento extraluminal, que comprometía la pared sin adherirse a otras estructuras; se realizó resección del tumor y anastomosis yeyuno-yeyunal. El estudio histológico -con inmunohistoquímica- del espécimen mostró que se trataba de un Tumor Estromal Intestinal (GIST), de riesgo intermedio, patrón histológico fusiforme, con escasas mitosis, dependiente de la capa muscular propia del intestino delgado. En conclusión el presente caso se trata de una mujer con un GIST yeyunal cuya presentación clínica fue una hemorragia de origen oscuro que constituyó un problema diagnóstico y que gracias al advenimiento de los nuevos procedimientos endoscópicos (enteroscopia y cápsula endoscópica) fue localizada y posteriormente extirpada quirúrgicamente.

We report the case of a woman of 84 years with a history of cardiac arrhythmia and hemorrhoids. She had multiple hospitalizations and transfusions for symptomatic iron deficiency anemia, endoscopic studies showed only small diverticula and colon polyps. He was later hospitalized with bloody stools red wines, upper endoscopy and colonoscopy showed gastritis, small colonic ulcers, colonic polyp and multiple diverticula. Readmitted with bleeding of obscure origin, on that occasion showed gastritis, antral erosions, small ulcers, colon polyps and colon ulcers in the process of healing, capsule endoscopy showed angiodysplasia in jejunum, anterograde enteroscopy detected some erythematous lesions in proximal jejunum without evidence of bleeding. Again hospitalized for melena and abdominal pain, upper endoscopy revealed gastric and duodenal angiodysplasia were treated. The last entry indicated a time of two years disease, the current episode with wine-red colored stools, Hb: 8.4 g, for which he received two units of PG. Endoscopy showed gastric angiodysplasia, which was treated with thermocoagulation (argon plasma). In the entrance examination showed no signs of hypovolaemic decompensation. Approached as a problem of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding were repeated several endoscopic examinations without results. She re-bled being hospitalized, capsule endoscopy was performed showing acute bleeding in the jejunum, complemented by new anterograde enteroscopy that showed ulcerated lesions of the jejunum, the area was marked with indian ink. Exploratory laparotomy was indicated. In the surgical intervention it was in edge antimesentérico of yeyuno, a round tumor (6x6 cm) of extraluminal growth, which compromised the wall without sticking to other structure, Resection of the tumor and jejuno-jejunal anastomosis was realized. The histological study with immunohistochemistry showed an Intestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST), intermediate risk, histological pattern fusiform, with scarce mitosis; the lesion was dependent on the muscularis propria of the small intestine. In conclusion, this case involves a woman with a jejunal GIST whose clinical presentation was hemorrhage of unknown origin which was a diagnostic problem and thanks to the advent of new endoscopic procedures (enteroscopy and capsule endoscopy) could locate the place of injury and subsequent surgery.

Tumores neuroendócrinos do intestino delgado: experiência do Instituto Nacional de Câncer em 12 anos / Neuroendocrine tumors of the small intestine: experience of the National Cancer Institute in 12 years

Introdução: os tumores neuroendócrinos do jejuno e íleo representam 23-28% de todos os tumores endócrinos gastrointestinais. A taxa de incidência varia de 0,28 a 0,8 por 100.000 habitantes. Objetivos: revisar o tema e a experiência do INCA, culminando com definição de rotina de serviço. Material e Métodos: procedemos ao estudo retrospectivo dos casos de tumores neuroendócrinos de intestino delgado tratados no Serviço de Cirurgia Abdomino-pélvica do Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA) no período de 1996 a 2008, além de revisão bibliográfica. Resultados: relatamos os dados dos 7 casos tratados. Conclusão: concluímos serem os fluxogramas da ENETS (European Neuroendrocrine Tumor Society) válidos e expomos o fluxograma de conduta para estes tumores adotados no INCA.

Introduction: neuroendocrine tumors of the jejunum and ileum account for 23-28% of all gastrointestinal endocrine tumors. The incidence rate varies from 0.28 to 0.8 per 100,000 inhabitants. Objective: to review the theme and the experience of INCA cumino with definition of a routine service. Methods: we conducted the retrospective study of cases of neuroendocrine tumors of the small intestine treated at the Department of Surgery abdomino-pelvic National Cancer Institute (INCA) in the period 1996 to 2008, plus bibliographic review. Results: report the data of 7 cases treated. Conclusion: they are the flowcharts of ENETS valid and expose the flowchart of conduct adopted for these tumors in the INCA.

Tumor do estroma gastrintestinal (GIST): relato de caso / Gastrintestinal stromal tumor (GIST): case report

The authors report a case of a male patient in his forties with progressive abdominal pain associated with weight loss, dyspnea, and edema of the inferior limbs, culminating in a surgical acute abdomen. A segmental enterectomy containing a lesion of about 10cm in diameter was performed. It was later confirmed, by means of immuno-hystochemistry, as being a Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor of high biological aggressiveness. Etiology, diagnosis, classification, prognosis and therapeutic with Imatinib Mesylate - STI-571 (Glivec® - Novartis) are hence discussed.