effects of cyclosporin-A on functional outcome and axonal regrowth following spinal cord injury in adult rats

It has been shown that the immunophilin ligands have the special advantage in spinal cord repair. In this study, the effects of cyclosporine A [CsA] on functional recovery and histological outcome were evaluated following spinal cord injury in rats. After spinal cord hemisection in thirty six adult female Sprague-Dawley rats [200- 250 g], treatment groups received CsA [2.5 mg/kg i.p.] at 15min and 24h after lesion [CsA 15min group and CsA 24h group] daily, for 8 weeks. Control and sham groups received normal saline and in sham operated animals the spinal cord was exposed in the same manner as treatment groups, but was not hemisected. Hindlimb motor function was assessed in 1, 3, 5 and 7 weeks after lesion, using locomotive rating scale developed by Basso, Bresnahan and Beattie [BBB]. Motor neurons were counted within the lamina IX of ventral horn and lesion size was measured in 5 mm of spinal lumbar segment with the epicenter of the lesion site. The mean number of motor neurons and the mean BBB scale in 3, 5 and 7 weeks in CsA 15min groups significantly increased compared to the control group. Although, the lesion size reduced in rats with CsA treatment compared to the control group, no significant difference was observed. Thus, it can be concluded that CsA can improve locomotor function and histological outcome in the partial spinal cord injury

[Frequency of sensory and motor nerve injuries after maxillo-facial trauma]

One of the most common complications of trauma to maxillofacial region is nerve injuries of sensory and motor branches of the nerve V and VII in the face. The aim of this article was to study the relative prevalence of injuries of sensory part of nerve V and motor part of nerve VII. The research was descriptive analytic and information were collected by clinical observation. Samples consisted of 384 individuals refereing to Alzahra and Kashani hospitals, collected information were described by descriptive statistics methods and chi statistical test. Motor and sensory nerve involvement in maxillofacial trauma were evaluated in 384 trauma patients. The most frequent nerve damage was sensory part of the nerve V [51.3%] and the next frequent nerve damage was motor part of the nerve VII five patients [1.3%] had both of these two type of injuries. Maxillo-facial nerve injuries specially nerves V and VII were the frequent complications of maxillofacial region. Infra-orbital branch of the nerve V and buccal branch of the nerve VII were most affected. Vigilant clinical examination and early diagnosis of the nerve injuries will guide patients towards proper treatment and prevention of complications