Immediate tooth replantation: root canal filling for delayed initiation of endodontic treatment

Abstract The aim of this study is to evaluate the action of paramonochlorophenol associated with Furacin followed by calcium hydroxide (CH) dressing in the control of inflammatory root resorption in cases of immediate tooth replantation with delayed endodontic treatment. A total of 28 incisors of 3 male dogs were extracted and replanted after 15 minutes, and randomly divided into 3 groups: Group I (n = 8) - endodontic treatment was performed before the extraction and replantation; Group II (n = 10) - endodontic treatment was performed 30 days after replantation and the root canal was filled with CH dressing; Group III (n = 10) - endodontic treatment was performed 30 days after replantation and root canals received temporary medication of paramonochlorophenol-Furacin followed by CH dressing. The animals were euthanized 90 days after replantation. The histomorphological events analyzed at the epithelial reattachment site were the intensity and extent of acute and chronic inflammatory processes, periodontal ligament (PDL) organization, the intensity and extent of acute and chronic inflammatory processes in the PDL space, root resorption, bone tissue, and ankylosis. Data were submitted to the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test for group comparison (α = 5%). In Groups I, II and III the periodontal ligament was regenerated and most of the resorption areas were repaired by newly formed cementum. The depth and extent of root resorption were significantly higher in Group II than in Group III. The use of paramonochlorophenol-furacin followed by CH dressing was more effective in controlling inflammatory root resorption after immediate tooth replantation.

Effects of nitrofurazone on correction of abdominal wall defect treated with polypropylene mesh involved by fibrous tissue

PURPOSE:Toevaluate the effects of nitrofurazone on the correction of abdominal wall defect treated with polypropylene mesh involved by fibrous tissue in rats.METHODS: A defect in the abdominal wall was created and corrected with polypropylene mesh in 20 rats. They were randomly distributed into four groups: control, fibrous mesh, nitrofurazone and nitrofurazone dip in the mesh. Euthanasia was performed in 21 post-operative days. The healing process was analyzed regarding the meshes and macroscopic and microscopic aspects.RESULTS:All animals had adhesions. However, no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) when compared between groups. Similarly microscopic analysis, in which there was no statistical significance level for the evaluated parameters such as mono and polymorphonuclear lymphocytes, granuloma, fibrosis, necrosis and collagen proliferation.CONCLUSION:There was no significant effect on the abdominal wall defect repair with polypropylene mesh surrounded by fibrous tissue when dipped in nitrofurazone 2%.

Reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography for quantification of hydroxymethylnitrofurazone in polymeric nanoparticles

Hydroxymethylnitrofurazone (NFOH) is a new compound with potential leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activity. Despite its effectiveness, the formulators have to overcome its poor aqueous solubility. Recently, polymeric nano-scale drug delivery systems have proposed for the treatment of neglected diseases. As several studies have confirmed the advantages of such formulations, and this approach provides new analytical challenges, including the need to detect trace amounts of the drug. A suitable method was developed and validated for NFOH determination bound to poly (n-butylcyanoacrylate) (PBCA) nanoparticles. The chromatographic separation was achieved using a C18 column maintained at 25 ºC and an isocratic mobile phase consisting of water and acetonitrile: 80:20 (v/v) at a flow rate of 1.2 mL min-1 and UV-detection at 265 nm. Investigated validation parameters included selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness (changes in column temperature, mobile phase composition and flow). The method was specific, the peak of NFOH had no interference with any nanoparticle excipients and no co-elution with main degradation product (nitrofurazone). Linearity was over the range of 0.94 13.11 μg mL-1 (r2=0.999). The method was accurate and precise, recovery of 100.7%, RSD of 0.4%; intra-day and inter-day RSD range 9.98-9.99 μg mL-1 and 0.3% to 0.5%, respectively. Robustness confirmed that method could resist the applied changes. Application of the optimized method revealed an encapsulation efficiency of 64.4% (n=3). Therefore, the method was successfully developed and validated for the determination of the encapsulation efficiency of NFOH-PBCA nanoparticles.

Hidroximetilnitrofural (NFOH) é um novo composto que possui atividade leishmanicida e tripanomicida potencial. Um método apropriado foi desenvolvido e validado para a determinação de NFOH em nanopartículas de poli(n-butil cianoacrilato) (PBCA). A separação cromatográfica foi obtida usando uma coluna C18 (5 µm de tamanho de partícula, 4,6 mm de diâmetro e 150 mm de comprimento), mantida a 25 °C, fase móvel composta de água e acetonitrila 80:20 (v/v), fluxo de 1,2 mL min- 1 e detecção por UV a 265 nm. Investigaram-se os seguintes parâmetros de validação: seletividade, linearidade, exatidão, precisão e robustez (mudanças na temperatura de coluna, proporção da fase móvel e fluxo). O método mostrou-se específico, o pico de NFOH não apresentou interferência dos picos provenientes dos excipientes das nanopartículas e separado do principal produto de degradação (nitrofural). A linearidade foi obtida na faixa de 0,94-13,11 μg mL- 1 (r2=0,999). O método mostrou exatidão (recuperação de 100,7%, DPR de 0,4 %) e precisão (intra-dia e inter-dia, 9,98-9,99 μg mL- 1 e DPR 0,3% a 0,5%, respectivamente). A robustez provou que o método pode resistir às mudanças propostas. Aplicação do método otimizado revelou eficiência de encapsulação de 64,4% (n=3). Portanto, o método foi desenvolvido e validado com sucesso para a determinação da eficiência de encapsulação de nanopartículas de NFOH-PBCA.

3, 4- dinitro-furazan-based oxidation furazan acute and subchronic toxicity studies / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the 3, 4- dinitro-furazan-based oxidation furazan (DNTF) of sub-acute toxicity and chronic toxicity, to determine the acute toxicity classification DNTF, the nature of toxic effects and major target organ for the development provide the basis for occupational exposure limits.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>( 1) Acute toxicity: The oral gavage method once infected, symptoms of poisoning of animals observed to calculate the LD50DNTF and 95% confidence limits. ( 2) sub-chronic experiment: selection of 96 healthy SD rats were randomly divided into four groups, doses of 25, 56.2, 125 mg/kg and the negative control group, Exposure for ninety days,five days a week, once a day, The rats were killed at end of Exposure, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain,testis, uterus were taken to observe the pathological changes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>( 1) Acute oral toxicity test results indicate that DNTF rat oral LD50 greater than 5000 mg/kg, DNTF mice treated by oral LD50 4589 mg/kg, 95%confidence limit for the 4026-5230 mg/kg, Acute toxicity grade level is low toxicity compounds. (2) Sub-chronic toxicity experiment, the high-dose male rats, high, medium and low-dose group female rats weight gain than the negative control group, compared with the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).125 mg/kg of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase was significantly higher. 125 mg/kg dose groups, liver, kidney, lung, testicular factor was significantly higher. Liver, kidney, lung histological examination showed obvious morphological changes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acute toxicity grade DNTF low toxicity level compounds, target organ toxicity of liver, kidney and lung.</p>

Teratogenicity of 3, 4 two furazan-based oxidation furazan in rats / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the teratogenicity of new high-energy compounds, 3, 4 two furazan-based oxidation furazan (DNTF) and the impact on human health, occupational exposure limits were provided for the following research.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Pregnant SD rats were randomly divided into five groups by Standard teratogenicity test, including three dose groups (5.0, 15.8, 50.0 mg/kg), the negative control (vegetable oil), and the positive control group (CP 10.0 mg/kg). Each 10 to 15 rats were in one group. Gavage was consecutive for rats during pregnancy 7 ∼ 12 d and then sacrifice after 20 d.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no significantly difference between the three dose groups and negative controls in the pregnancy rate, the weight of pregnant rats, fetal weight, fetal growth, fetal malformation rate and internal organs,</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There were no maternal toxicity, embryo toxicity and teratogenicity for rats when DNTF in the range 5.0 ∼ 50.0 mg/kg.</p>

Easy Reproducible Tie-over Dressing using Silastic(R) Drainage

PURPOSE: Tie-over dressing is widely used to secure skin grafting on face, body, or extremities. It can be a rather complicated task and is not easy to make compressive dressing again if performed in a conventional method. So, we hereby introduce an easy reproducible tie over dressing method. METHODS: After completing the skin graft, Cut the silastic drainage longitudinally in half and spread to the grafted skin margin. Drainage is fixed by using the stapes or sutures. A fluffy gauze bolus dressing is placed over a furacin impregnated gauze and wrapped around. After suturing the distal margin of silastics with opposite side using the silk thread either 5-0 or 3-0, knot of suturing, which is pressed down against the dressing while the threads are tightened, is made into center of each sides. RESULTS: It can make dressing again after observing the grafted skin, and it can also make pressure on the grafted area evenly until the grafted skin is taken. CONCLUSION: This dressing method makes the surgeons and patients comfortable. To surgeons, it provides more rapid and easier way to do dressing, and to patients, it eliminates pain caused by redressing.

[Effect of royal jelly on sterile wound healing in balb/C mice]

Wound healing is the process of repairing following injury to the skin and other soft tissues. Following injury, inflammatory response occurs and the cells below the dermis begin to increase collagen production, later on, the epithelial tissue is regenerated. Royal jelly [RJ] is a bee product. There are many reports on pharmacological activity of RJ on experimented animals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of RJ on the induction of wound healing of sterile incision in Balb/C mice. In this experimental study which was conducted at Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in 60 female Balb/C mice [8 weeks old] were selected. The mice were anesthetized with ether. The dorsal fur of the animals was shaved and sterilized with alcohol, and then a longitudinal para vertebral full thickness incision of 10mm long was made. The animals were then divided into six equal groups. In group one [negative control], nothing was applied to the wound. Group 2 [positive control] was treated with nitrofurazon ointment, group 3 was treated with RJ 200 mg/kg daily, group 4 was treated with RJ 200 mg/kg every two days, group 5 was treated with RJ 300 mg/kg daily, group 6 treated with RJ 300 mg/kg every two days. Royal jelly was topically used on the wounds. The wound length was measured with vernier capilar every two days until the complete healing was occurred. The data were analyzed with SPSS version 11.5 using Kruscal Walis tests. There was a significant difference between groups 1, 2 with the other groups [p< 0.015]. RJ promoted wound healing activity significantly in group 3, 5 compared to negative and positive control groups. There was no significant difference between the dosage of 200mg/kg with 300 mg/kg of RJ [p>0.015]. The results of this study indicated that daily application of RJ possesses betters wound healing effects than nitrofurazon

Atividade terapêutica do 5-nitrofuraldeído-semicarbazona (nitrofurazona) em esquemas de duração prologada na infeccção experimental do camundongo pelo Trypanosoma cruzi / Therapeutic activity of 5-nitrofuraldeído-semicarbazone (nitrofurazone) in schemes prolong the duration of infectious disease in experimental mice by Trypanosoma cruzi

Revisões históricas aos avanços científicos para o controle da doença, o Simpósio Internacional Comemorativo do Centenário da Descoberta da Doença de Chagas (1909-2009).

T-CAM, a fastatin-FIII 9-10 fusion protein, potently enhances anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activity via alphavbeta3 and alpha5beta1 integrins

We made fusion protein of fastatin and FIII 9-10, termed tetra-cell adhesion molecule (T-CAM) that can interact simultaneously with alphavbeta3 and alpha5beta1 integrins, both playing important roles in tumor angiogenesis. T-CAM can serve as a cell adhesion substrate mediating adhesion and migration of endothelial cells in alphavbeta3 and alpha5beta1 integrin-dependent manner. T-CAM showed pronounced anti-angiogenic activities such as inhibition of endothelial cell tube formation, endothelial cell proliferation, and induction of endothelial cell apoptosis. T-CAM also inhibited angiogenesis and tumor growth in mouse xenograft model. The anti-angiogenic and anti-tumoral activity of molecule like fastatin could be improved by fusing it with integrin-recognizing cell adhesion domain from other distinct proteins. The strategy of combining two distinct anti-angiogenic molecules or cell adhesion domains could facilitate designing improved anticancer agent of therapeutic value.

Rapid test for the evaluation of the activity of the prodrug hydroxymethylnitrofurazone in the processing of Trypanosoma cruzi messenger RNAs

No fully effective treatment has been developed since the discovery of Chagas' disease by Carlos Chagas in 1909. Since drug-resistant Trypanosoma cruzi strains are occurring and the current therapy is effectiveness in the acute phase but with various adverse side effects, more studies are needed to characterize the susceptibility of T. cruzi to new drugs. Many natural and/or synthetic substances showing trypanocidal activity have been used, even though they are not likely to be turned into clinically approved drugs. Originally, drug screening was performed using natural products, with only limited knowledge of the molecular mechanism involved in the development of diseases. Trans-splicing, which is unusual RNA processing reaction and occurs in nematodes and trypanosomes, implies the processing of polycistronic transcription units into individual mRNAs; a short transcript spliced leader (SL RNA) is trans-spliced to the acceptor pre-mRNA, giving origin to the mature mRNA. In the present study, permeable cells of T. cruzi epimastigote forms (Y, BOL and NCS strains) were treated to evaluate the interference of two drugs (hydroxymethylnitrofurazone - NFOH-121 and nitrofurazone) in the trans-splicing reaction using silver-stained PAGE analysis. Both drugs induced a significant reduction in RNA processing at concentrations from 5 to 12.5 æM. These data agreed with the biological findings, since the number of parasites decreased, especially with NFOH-121. This proposed methodology allows a rapid and cost-effective screening strategy for detecting drug interference in the trans-splicing mechanism of T. cruzi.

Preparação e caracterização inicial de complexo de inclusão entre nitrofurazona e 2-hidroxipropil-Beta-ciclodextrina / Preparation and initial characterization of inclusion complex between nitrofurazone and 2-hydroxypropyl-Beta-cyclodextrin

Nitrofurazona(NF), 5-nitro-2-furaldeído semicarbazona, é um antibiótico de amplo espectro, que apresenta diversos efeitos tóxicos e baixa solubilidade aquosa. A complexação da NF com ciclodextrinas é de grande interesse para o desenvolvimento de uma formulação para este antibiótico que seja mais segura e eficiente. Neste trabalho foi realizada a preparação e caracterização inicial do complexo de inclusão entre NF e hidroxipropil-Beta-ciclodextrina (HP-Beta-CD) através de experimentos para determinação da cinética de complexação, medidas de fotoestabilidade, medidas de constante de afinidade fármaco: ciclodextrina, ensaios de liberação in vitro, estequiometria de formação do complexo e morfologia do complexo por microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os ensaios de cinética de complexação mostram que para o complexo atingir o equilíbrio são necessárias 17,3h. As isotermas de solubilidade determinadas para a NF em função da temperatura mostraram perfis do tipo A e B indicando que a temperatura é um fator importante na complexação da NF com ciclodextrina. Os experimentos de fotoestabilidade indicam que a inserção da molécula de NF na cavidade interna da ciclodextrina protege o fármaco da fotodecomposição. A cinética de liberação mostra que o perfil de liberação do fármaco é modificado pela presença da ciclodextrina no meio. A estequiometria de complexação entre NF e HP-Beta-CD determinada foi de 1:1 NF:HP-Beta-CD. Os resultados demicroscopia eletrônica de varredura indicam alterações na estrutura cristalina da NF em presença deciclodextrina. Este estudo está baseado na caracterização físico-química da complexação entre NF e HP-Beta-CD podendo ser uma nova potencial opção para utilização terapêutica do NF.

Nitrofurazone (NF), 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde semicarbazone, a broad-spectrum antibiotic, has reported toxic effects and low solubility in water. It would be of great interest to form inclusion complexes between NF and a cyclodextrin, to develop more effective and safer antibiotic formulations. This paper focuses on the preparation of inclusion complexes of NF with 2- hydroxypropyl- -cyclodextrin (HP- -CD) and their initial characterization by evaluating rates of complex formation, photostability, solubility isotherms, release rate profiles, stoichiometry of the complexes and their morphology, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. The kinetic tests of complex formation revealed that 17,3 h is enough for stabilization of the NFcyclodextrin complex. The solubility isotherm studies showed that the isotherm changes from type A to type B, as a function of temperature. The photostability experiments showed that the insertion of the NF in the HP- -CD cavity protects the drug from photodecomposition. The release kinetic tests showed that the profile of NF release from the complex is altered by the presence of HP- -CD in the medium. A Job's plot indicated that the stoichiometry of the complex was 1:1 NF:HP- -CD. The scanning electron micrographs showed changes in the crystal structure of NF in the complex. This study focused on the physicochemical properties of drug-delivery formulations that could potentially be developed into a novel type of therapy with NF.

Estudio del grado de pureza de la nitrofurazona obtenida a partir de un derivado de la industria cañera cubana / Study of the purity degree of nitrofurazone obtained from a cuban sugar cane industry byproduct

Se estudió el grado de pureza a diferentes lotes de nitrofurazona sintetizados en el Instituto Cubano de Investigaciones de Derivados de la Caña de Azúcar (ICIDCA) mediante la combinación de 3 técnicas analíticas: la cromatografía de placa delgada, la cromatografía líquida de alta resolución y la calorimetría diferencial de barrido. Se obtuvieron resultados satisfactorios que permiten evaluar la calidad de los productos y compararlos con productos competitivos a escala comercial con purezas entre el 98 y 100 por ciento

Latenciação de hidroximetilnitrofural com derivados de quitosana, potencialmente ativos em leishmaniose e doença de Chagas / Hydroxymethylnitrofural latentiation with chitosan derivatives, potentially active in leishmaniasis and Chagas' disease

Leishmaniose e doença de Chagas são parasitoses endêmicas causadas, respectivamente, pelos protozoários Leishmania spp. e Trypanosoma cruzi. Ante à escassez de quimioterápicos, à elevada toxicidade dos fármacos disponíveis e à baixa eficácia destes no combate às formas intracelulares, replicantes, dos parasitos há necessidades de buscar novas alternativas quimioterápicas. A atividade tripanomicida do hidroximetilnitrofural, base de Mannich do nitrofural, já era conhecida. O presente trabalho mostra que este derivado também apresenta atividade leishmanicida, quando ensaiado em formas promastigotas de L. amazonensis, L. chagasi e L. baziliensis. Com o objetivo de obter pró-fármacos potencialmente ativos em doença de Chagas e leishmanioses visceral e mucocutânea, planejaram-se e foram sintetizados derivados hidrossolúveis de hidroximetilnitrofural e quitosana, polissacarídeo que apresenta, também, atividade imunomoduladora...

Avaliação das aderências pós-operatórias em ratos submetidos a peritoniostomia com tela de polipropileno associada à nitrofurazona / Evaluation of postoperative adhesions in rats submitted to peritoneostomy with polypropylene mesh associated to nitrofurazone

RACIONAL: Lesões peritoniais, comuns no per e pós-operatório, levam à formação de aderências, cuja incidência aumenta ainda mais com o uso de telas de polipropileno. A nitrofurazona é uma substância que acelera o processo de cicatrização e, devido a isso, cogitou-se a possibilidade de uma ação sobre as aderências peritoniais. OBJETIVO: Avaliar as aderências pós-operatórias em ratos submetidos a peritoniostomia com fixação de tela de polipropileno associada a nitrofurazona. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Utilizaram-se 33 ratos Wistar, divididos em 3 grupos de 11 animais, sendo no grupo I realizado laparotomia com exposição da cavidade ao ar ambiente e posterior laparorrafia; no grupo II, ressecção de fragmento da parede abdominal com fixação de tela de polipropileno no espaço e no grupo III, procedimento semelhante ao do grupo II, porém com tela embebida em nitrofurazona. Após 45 dias foram sacrificados e necropsiados. RESULTADOS: Dos animais do grupo I, sete não tiveram aderências (grau 0), dois tiveram aderências de grau 1 e dois de grau 2. No grupo II, 1 foi classificado como grau 3 e 10 como grau 4. No grupo III, um foi de grau 0, oito de grau 3 e um de grau 4 (um animal foi a óbito antes de 45 dias). Todas as aderências encontradas envolveram parede abdominal; 10 animais tiveram aderências envolvendo apenas o omento (grupo I = 4; grupo II = 1 e grupo III = 5); 11 animais tiveram aderências envolvendo o omento, as alças intestinais e outros órgãos abdominais, sendo 10 do grupo II e um do grupo III; três animais tiveram aderências envolvendo apenas alças intestinais, sendo todos do grupo III. Dos 14 animais que tiveram aderências envolvendo as alças intestinais, 10 eram do grupo II (9 com mais de um ponto) e 4 do grupo III (3 com somente um ponto de fixação). CONCLUSÃO: O uso de nitrofurazona associado à tela de polipropileno não reduziu significativamente a incidência de aderências pós-operatórias em ratos, porém diminuiu a intensidade e gravidade dessas aderências.

Effect of dental adhesives on the exudative phase of the inflammatory process in subcutaneous tissue of rats

The vascular changes in the subcutaneous connective tissue of rats induced by dentin bonding systems (one step) was studied and compared to those induced by saline solution (negative control) and Furacin (positive control), during the exudative phase of the inflammatory process. Twenty mg/kg of Evan's blue were injected intravenously in the vein of the rats' penises; 0.1 ml of each substance tested was inoculated in the subcutaneous tissue. After a 3 hour period the animals were sacrificed and their skins were excised and punched out with a standard steel 2.5 cm in diameter. The specimens were immediately immersed in 8 ml of formamide and taken to a double boiler for 72 hours at 37ºC, to remove the dye. The liquid containing the overflowed dye was filtered, analyzed in the spectrophotometer (620 nm) and classified according to the criteria established by Nagem-Filho, Pereira (1976). After statistical analysis, the irritative potential of the substances was ranked as follows: Furacin (severe) > Single Bond and Bond 1 (moderate - no significant differences between the dentin bonding systems tested) > saline solution (not significant as regards the irritation degree)

Comparative Study of Bacterial Isolation and Antibiotic Sensitivity Test between Long-term Silicone and Nitrofurazone-coated Suprapubic Catheter Indwelling Patients / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: Catheter-associated urinary tract infections are inevitable in patients with a long-term indwelling catheter. The antibacterial activity of nitrofurazone-impregnating compounds has recently been employed in urinary catheter, and may be effective in blocking infections. The aims of this study were to evaluate the bacterial isolation, antibiotic sensitivity test and the efficacy of a nitrofurazone-coated urinary catheter. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 41 patients that required an indwelling urinary catheter for longer than 4 weeks were assigned to receive either a silicone (n=24), or nitrofurazone, coated catheter (n=17). Urine and catheter tip samples were cultured for bacteriological assessment. The results of the bacterial culture and antibiotic sensitivity test, rate of infection from urine and proximal tip were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The bacterial cultures from the tips of the silicone and nitrofurazone catheters were in 95.8 and 82.4%, respectively, but were statistically insignificant (p=0.064). Bacteriuria developed in 79.2 and 64.7% of the silicone-coated and nitrofurazone-coated catheter groups (p=0.476). Gram negative bacteria were found in 65 (69.8%), with the most three frequent species being Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia in 23 (24.7%), 20 (21.5%) and 16 (17.2%), respectively. All the organisms were more susceptible to amikacin, aztreonam and ceftriaxone, but were relatively resistant to ampicillin, gentamycin and ciprofloxacin. CONCLUSIONS: Many of the patients with a long-term indwelling catheter had bacterial infections or colonization in the urine and proximal catheter-tip samples, despite the preventive administration of antibiotics. This study failed to demonstrate any efficacy of a nitrofurazone-coated catheter.

Effect of light and heat on the stability of furacilin aqueous solution / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To study the effect of both light and heat on the stability of furacilin aqueous solution and the probability of substituting for isothermal accelerated tests by nonisothermal accelerated tests upon exposure to light at high temperatures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The isothermal and nonisothermal accelerated tests were employed. The accelerated tests were proceeded in the dark and exposed to light at high temperature. Tungsten, ultraviolet and fluorescent lamps were employed in exposure tests.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The degradation of furacilin aqueous solution in isothermal heating experiments or the exposure experiments to light at high temperatures obeys zero-order kinetics. The total degradation rate constant k caused by both light and heat can be divided into two parts: k = kdark + klight, where kdark and klight are the degradation rate constant caused by heat and light, respectively. The klight can be expressed as klight = Alight.exp(-Ea,light/RT).E, where E is the illuminance of light; Alight and Ea,light are both experimental constants. The parameters obtained in nonisothermal accelerated tests were comparable to those obtained in classic isothermal accelerated tests.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Nonisothermal accelerated tests may substitute for isothermal accelerated tests during the study of the effects of both light and heat on the stability of drugs, in order to save time, labor and drugs.</p>

Avaliação histopatológica de polpas de dentes de cães, submetidas a pulpotomia e tratamento com substâncias à base de PMCC + Furacin / Histopathologic evaluation of pulp tissue of dog teeth subdued to pulpotomy and treatment with CMPC + Furacin materials

No presente trabalho, foi avaliada histologicamente a resposta pulpar de dentes de cães submetidos a pulpotomia e tratamento do remanescente pulpar com misturas de PMCC 3,5:6,5 e 2,5:7,5, associadas ao Furacin, com e sem curativo de demora. Para isso utilizou-se os segundos e terceiros pré-molares superiores e os primeiros, segundos e terceiros pré-molares inferiores, de 12 cães adultos jovens, distribuídos em 4 grupos: GI - PMCC 3,5:6,5-Furacin com curativo, GII - PMCC 2,5:7,5-Furacin com curativo, GIII - PMCC 3,5:6,5-Furacin sem curativo e GIV - PMCC 2,5:7,5-Furacin sem curativo. Após os períodos experimentais de 7, 45 e 90 dias, os animais foram sacrificados e procedeu-se a confecção de lâminas para a análise histopatológica. Pela metodologia empregada, encontramos que em todos os grupos, as soluções de PMCC-Furacin mostraram-se irritantes ao tecido conjuntivo pulpar, exibindo morte tecidual, com fenômeno de fixação, caracterizada pela manutenção apagada das estruturas, sendo maior nos grupos onde se utilizou o curativo de demora de...

Comparative Study on the Incidence of Urinary Tract Infection between Nitrofurazone-Coated Urinary Catheter and Silicone Catheter / 감염

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nitofurazone-coated urinary catheter in inhibitory activity of catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI). METHODS: From March to September 2001, 177 patients in five university hospitals who were expected to use urinary catheters and be satisfied with the inclusion, exclusion criteria were analyzed. Through urine culture, we compared the incidence rate and onset of CAUTI after catheterization of standard silicone urinary catheters (control group) and nitofurazone-coated catheters (experimental group). CAUTI was defined as over 103 CFU/mL of bacteria in urine culture. The catheter surface was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to analyze the bacteial biofilms. RESULTS: The incidence rate of CAUTI was lower in experimental group than in control group but there was no statistical significancy. However, in the patients who had indwelling urinary catheters for 5~7 days, the incidence rate of CAUTI was significantly low in experimental group. Depending on catheter insertion period, the incidence onset of CAUTI was analyzed. It was found that the longer the insertion period was, the lower the incidence rate of CAUTI in experimental group was than in control group, but there was no statistical significancy. In the patients who had indwelling urinary catheters for 5~7 days, the incidence rate of CAUTI was significantly low in experimental group. According to the result of this study, patient who was older and had longer insertion- period, had higher incidence rate of CAUTI. SEM showed the formation of bacterial biofilm in silicone catheters throughout the 5~7 days, but deterioration of the bacterial biofilm was visible on the surface of nitofurazone-coated catheters. There was no side-effect in any groups. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that nitofurazone-coated catheters can be useful for inhibition of urinary tract infection, with systemic and local safety, in patients who have indwelling urinary catheter more than 5 days and old-age paitents.