RESUMEN
En el presente artículo revisaremos los aspectos más relevantes de la alergia ocular: su epidemiología, fisiopatología, cuadros clínicos y su terapéutica. Se encontrará una descripción más detallada de la fisiopatología ya que es, sin duda, la base del éxito terapéutico
In the present article we will review the most important aspectsof ocular allergy: its epidemiology, physiopathology, clinicalcharacteristics and treatment. A more detailed description ofthe physiopathology is addressed because is the basis for asuccessful treatment.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Oftalmopatías/fisiopatología , Oftalmopatías/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipersensibilidad/fisiopatología , Hipersensibilidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Conjuntivitis Alérgica/fisiopatología , Conjuntivitis Alérgica/tratamiento farmacológico , Oftalmopatías/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad/inmunología , Factores Inmunológicos/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Vários estudos têm procurado identificar marcadores genéticos para doenças oftalmológicas. Dentre eles, destaca-se o antígeno de histocompatibilidade humano (Human Leukocyte Antigens). Situado no braço curto do cromossomo 6, o sistema antígeno de histocompatibilidade humano é conhecido por sua capacidade de conferir susceptibilidade ou proteção a diferentes doenças. Em virtude do seu acentuado polimorfismo, o tipo e a força da associação variam a depender da enfermidade e da raça (etnia) estudadas. O surgimento de métodos moleculares para tipificação dos alelos antígeno de histocompatibilidade humano e as recentes atualizações de sua nomenclatura têm contribuído para o melhor entendimento desse sistema. O presente trabalho tem por objetivos revisar a estrutura e função do sistema antígeno de histocompatibilidade humano e relatar suas associações com uveíte anterior aguda, penfigóide cicatricial ocular, ceratocone de início na juventude e retinocoroidopatia "birdshot".
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Oftalmopatías/inmunología , Antígenos HLA/inmunología , Alelos , Oftalmopatías/genética , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad Clase I , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad Clase II , Antígenos HLA/genética , Enfermedades de la Retina/genética , Enfermedades de la Retina/inmunología , Uveítis Posterior/genética , Uveítis Posterior/inmunologíaRESUMEN
We studied 39 cases of vernal keratoconjunctivitis [VKC] and 53 cases of atopic conjunctivitis [AC]. Local eosinophilia was found in conjunctival scrapings in 82% of VKC cases and 75% of AC cases and was correlated to severity of the condition. Circulating eosinophil levels were significantly increased only in severe cases, which were often associated with other extended allergies. Total serum IgE levels were significantly increased in 56% and 60% of VKC and AC cases respectively. Skin prick testing gave positive results in 82% of VKC cases and 96% of AC cases. Specific IgE testing showed comparable results to those of skin testing. This work was done in EI-Maghraby Eye Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Hipersensibilidad/inmunología , Oftalmopatías/inmunología , Pruebas Inmunológicas , Inmunoglobulina ERESUMEN
The role of tear immunoglobulins [Ig's] in the normal physiology of the eye and pathogenisis of various eye diseases has been under investigation. Estimation of tear immunoglobulins in 7 normal cases and in 31 cases suffered from, mucopurulant conjunctivitis, phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis, vernal conjunctivitis and corneal ulcers were performed using the "Single radial immunodiffusion technique]. Studies of tear Ig's have established the predominance of IgA class over the others. The average normal IgA was 30.8 mg%, lgG was absent and IgM was detected in one sample [less than 10.0 mg%]. In external eye diseases IgA was reduced, whereas IgA appeared to be less than 10.0 mg% and IgM was only high in phlyctenular dilsease [138.18 mg%]