The nance lingual arch: an auxiliary device in solving lower anterior crowding

After exfoliation of the primary incisors and eruption of the permanent incisors, the dentist has the opportunity of observing closely the beginning of occlusal changes. In several cases, alterations, such as lower anterior crowding, can be prevented and treated with proper follow-up. In the mixed dentition, one of the mechanisms for maintaining space and favoring dental alignment is to preserve leeway space before permanent second molar irruption. Among the devices with this function, the Nance lingual arch helps maintaining the position of the permanent mandibular molars and incisors after a premature loss of the primary canines. This paper describes the applicability of Nance lingual arch for preserving leeway space, thus contributing for correction of lower anterior crowding.

Após a esfoliação dos incisivos decíduos e a irrupção dos incisivos permanentes, o dentista tem a oportunidade de observar o início das alterações na oclusão. Em muitos casos, realizando o correto acompanhamento, pode-se prevenir e tratar possíveis más oclusões como o apinhamento anteroinferior. Na dentadura mista, um dos mecanismos para manter espaço e favorecer o alinhamento dentário consiste na preservação do espaço disponível de Nance (leeway space), antes da irrupção do segundo molar permanente. Dentre os dispositivos utilizados para esta finalidade, o arco lingual de Nance auxilia a manutenção do posicionamento dos molares permanentes e incisivos inferiores, quando da perda prematura dos caninos decíduos. Este trabalho objetiva descrever a aplicabilidade do arco lingual de Nance para a preservação do leeway space, o que contribuiu para a correção do apinhamento anteroinferior.

Preortodoncia aplicada en niños de la IX Región de Chile / Preorthodontic applied in children of the Region IX of Chile

En este trabajo se presenta una propuesta clínica de intervención en niños basado en la experiencia de cuatro años de aplicación piloto de terapias pre-ortodóncicas en la Universidad de la Frontera en los pacientes de los alumnos de cuarto y quinto año de la Carrera de Odontología, así como la intervención temprana en la consulta privada de los autores. Se entregan las bases para un adecuado diagnóstico y posterior tratamiento, así como el desarrollo de la aparatología utilizada. En primer lugar el manejo de malos hábitos, luego la tracción frontal y finalmente el manejo del recambio en pacientes clase I, son revisados a la luz de una terapia, simple eficiente y económica, lo que permite ser utilizada como herramienta de intercepción en Ortodoncia en pacientes en crecimiento. La experiencia de cuatro años de aplicación permite concluir que a pesar de la sencillez de las terapias, requiere de la colaboración del paciente y la comprensión de los padres y apoderados. Aquellos pacientes que utilizan de buena manera sus aparatos obtienen resultados espectaculares. Por lo que la relación con los padres y la motivación a los niños son elementos fundamentales a la hora de decidir tratar a un niño con entrenadores, máscara de tracción o mantenedores de espacio dinámicos. A pesar de que no evita en todos los pacientes los tratamientos de ortodoncia correctiva, se mejoran las condiciones de los tejidos para una futura intervención de los especialistas, además de educar al paciente en el autocuidado en salud oral.

This paper presents a clinical intervention for children based on the experience of four years of preorthodontic pilot therapy at the Universidad de la Frontera in patients of students in fourth and fifth years of the Career of Dentistry, and early intervention in the private practice of the authors. Delivered the foundation for a proper diagnosis and subsequent treatment and the development of the apparatus used. First handling bad habits, then pull the frontal and finally managing the replacement in patients Class I, are reviewed in the light of this therapy, simple and cost-efficient, allowing use as a tool in orthodontic interception patient growth. The experience of four years of implementation suggests that despite the simplicity of therapies requires the cooperation of the patient and understanding of parents and guardians. Patients who use their machines to get good results. As the relationship with parents and the motivation of children, are key factors when deciding to treat a child with coaches, skin traction or dynamic space maintainers. Although not all patients avoids the corrective orthodontic treatments, improving the conditions of tissues for future involvement of specialists, as well as educate the patient self in oral health.

Early class III occlusal tendency in children and its selective management.

Class III malocclusion may develop in children as a result of an inherent growth abnormality, i.e., true class III malocclusion, or as a result of premature occlusal contacts causing forward functional shift of the mandible, which is known as pseudo class III malocclusion. These cases, if not treated at the initial stage of development, interfere with normal growth of the skeletal bases and may result in severe facial deformities. The treatment should be carried out as early as possible with the aim of permitting normal growth. This paper deals with the selection of an appropriate treatment approach from the various current options available for early intervention in children developing class III occlusal tendencies; the different clinical features are depicted in the three case reports.

[Digital comparison of cephalometric standards between 9 to 11 year old Iranians and American Caucasions, after 2 years follow up with dentofacial planner software]

Nowadays cephalometric software have become very popular, but due to racial and ethnical difference in facial soft and hard tissue features the norms should be adapted for each nation. The purpose of this study was to establish soft and hard tissue data base for 9 to 11 years Iranian children and to compare it with Legan and Ricketts dentofacial planner plus norms for American Caucasians. This was a longitudinal descriptive study on 60 cephalograms of normal 9-11 years Iranian children in city of Qazvin. They were selected as normal occlusion cases according to Moyer's. The cephalograms were scanned and 13 landmarks for Legan soft tissue and 32 landmarks for Ricketts hard tissue analysis were digitized. Then by means of Dentofacial planner plus 11 measurements were calculated for each age group [20 in each age 9, 10, 11 years]. The mean for each landmark was compared to American Caucasian norms in the databank by Paired t test. Nine years old Iranian girls had more facial convexity, nasolabial angle, upper and lower lip protrusion and height of midface but their lower face height was less. In boys, middle face height was the same as American's and nasolabial angle differed less. In 11 year old girls the difference between lower face height and lip protrusion became less, boy's nasolabial angle was more than American's. Significant differences were present in soft and hard tissue norms of Iranian's in comparison to American Caucasions. Iranian data base for cephalometric norms should he established

Study of occlusal-maxillo-facial 3-dimentional structural change of orthodontic therapy of crossbite malocclusion by modified ACTIVATOR appliance / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Occlusal-maxillo-facial structural change of crossbite malocclusion after orthodontic therapy by modified ACTIVATOR appliance was investigated. Eighty crossbite cases of deciduous dentition and mixed dentition were treated by modified ACTIVATOR. Through pre- and post-treatment analysis of stone model, Schuller's position X-ray and craniofaciometrics, the change in craniofacial length, width and height in early-phase crossbite malocclusion was studied. The results showed that there was no significant change in the width of maxillary and mandibular dental arch. Maxillary length and protrusion was increased significantly, upper incisors slopped labially. The lower incisors slopped lingually, mental angle decreased more severely. The lower and posterior facial height was increased to normal level.

Early treatment of skeletal Class III: a case report.

Skeletal class III malocclusion is a growth related facial deformity which increases if left untreated. Skeletal class III malocclusion should be corrected as soon one recognises the initial signs. Mixed dentition period is the time of greatest opportunity for occlusal guidance and growth modulation. A case of skeletal class III malocclusion in mixed dentition is presented, which was treated with a Delaire face mask therapy to modulate the craniofacial growth and to achieve a balanced profile.

Maxillary expansion--an interceptive modality in mixed dentition.

Maxillary expansion is a very useful procedure for arch length augmentation, posterior crossbite treatment and removing cross arch interferences. Removable appliances are in the realm of a pedodontist and general dentist. However, one should be aware of the problems arising at an early age of the child, should be able to properly diagnose the condition and if required, a timely referral to a specialist is also expected.

Expansäo ortopédica da maxila em estágios precoces do desenvolvimento oclusal: confecçäo laboratorial e apresentaçäo de caso clínico / Orthopaedic expansion of the maxilla in precocious stages of occlusal development: laboratory confection and presentation of a clinical report

O propósito deste artigo consistiu em divulgar algumas modificaçöes impostas ao clássico expansor tipo Haas para facilitar a sua instalaçäo nas dentaduras decídua e mista, sem prejuízo dos efeitos ortopédicos. As modificaçöes apresentadas resumem-se na: 1§) eliminaçäo da barra de conexäo vestibular e 2§) substituiçäo das bandas dos caninos decíduos pela extensäo da barra de conexäo palatina ao redor destes dentes. Para elucidar sua aplicaçäo clínica, mostramos os resultados clínicos e radiográficos induzidos quando da sua instalaçäo numa má oclusäo de classe III associada com atresia maxilar, na dentadura decídua. Neste caso o efeito do aparelho expansor fixo tipo Haas modificado foi complementado pelo aparelho Sky Hook