Quality of Life and Satisfaction in Patients Above and Under 65 Years Old Submitted to Total Knee Arthroplasty / Qualidade de vida e satisfação de pacientes com idade superior ou inferior a 65 anos submetidos a artroplastia total de joelho

Abstract Objective To compare the level of quality of life and satisfaction after two years of total knee arthroplasties between individuals above and below 65 years of age and to identify predictor factors of poor clinical outcome and low level of satisfaction in patients undergoing arthroplasty. Methods This is a retrospective cohort with data from patients diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis submitted to primary total knee arthroplasty from 2014 to 2018 (n= 190). Clinical outcomes were assessed using the following scores: visual analog scale (VAS) of pain, EQ-5D-3L and EUROQOL-VAS (quality of life scales), patient satisfaction level, and functional scale of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), collected through a questionnaire applied preoperatively, as well as 1, 3, 12 and 24 months after surgery. Results Patients < 65 years old presented significantly lower values (clinical worsening) in KOOS-pain and KOOS-symptoms. There are no differences in the principal clinical scores that assess pain, function, and quality of life after the procedure, as well as in the rate of satisfaction with the procedure, among patients < 65 years old when compared with patients ≥ 65 years old. It was also observed that patients who were not satisfied with the procedure in the 24-month evaluation presented clinical results in some analyzed scores (KOOS-pain and EQ-VAS) similar to patients who declared themselves satisfied. Conclusion Scores that assess pain, function, quality of life, as well as satisfaction rate are similar between patients < 65 years old and those ≥ 65 years old.

Resumo Objetivo Comparar a qualidade de vida e satisfação 2 anos após a artroplastia total de joelho em indivíduos com idade ≥ e < 65 anos e identificar fatores preditivos de pior evolução clínica e baixo nível de satisfação nestes pacientes. Métodos Trata-se de uma coorte retrospectiva de dados de pacientes com diagnóstico de osteoartrite de joelho submetidos a artroplastia total primária de joelho entre 2014 e 2018 (n= 190). Os resultados clínicos foram avaliados de acordo com os seguintes escores: escala visual analógica (EVA) de dor, EQ-5D-3L e EUROQOL-VAS (escalas de qualidade de vida), nível de satisfação do paciente e escala funcional do Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS, na sigla em inglês). Estes dados foram coletados por meio de questionário aplicado no período pré-operatório e 1, 3, 12 e 24 meses após a cirurgia. Resultados Os pacientes < 65 anos apresentaram valores significativamente menores (piora clínica) nas escalas KOOS-dor e KOOS-sintomas. Não houve diferenças nas principais pontuações clínicas de dor, função e qualidade de vida após o procedimento, nem no índice de satisfação com a cirurgia, entre pacientes < 65 anos em comparação com aqueles ≥ 65 anos. Observamos também que os pacientes não satisfeitos com o procedimento à avaliação de 24 meses apresentaram resultados clínicos em alguns escores analisados (KOOS-dor e EQ-VAS) semelhantes aos dos pacientes que se declararam satisfeitos. Conclusão Os escores que avaliam dor, função, qualidade de vida e índice de satisfação são semelhantes entre os pacientes < 65 anos e aqueles ≥ 65 anos.

Influence of patellofemoral joint degeneration on clinical outcomes after medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Patellofemoral joint (PFJ) degeneration has traditionally been regarded as a contraindication to unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). More recently, some researchers have proposed that PFJ degeneration can be ignored in medial UKA, and others have proposed that this change should be reviewed in PFJ degenerative facets and severity. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the effect of PFJ degeneration on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and revision rates after medial UKA.@*METHODS@#Electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, etc.) were searched for studies assessing the influence of PFJ degeneration on medial UKA. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted for the Oxford knee score (OKS), Knee society score (KSS), and revision rates and stratified by PFJ degenerative facets (medial/lateral/trochlear/unspecified), severe PFJ degeneration (bone exposed), and bearing type (mobile/fixed). Heterogeneity was assessed by the Cochran Q test statistic and chi-squared tests with the I-squared statistic.@*RESULTS@#A total of 34 articles with 7007 knees (2267 with PFJ degeneration) were included (5762 mobile-bearing and 1145 fixed-bearing and 100 unspecified). Slight to moderate degenerative changes in the medial and trochlear facets did not decrease the OKS and KSS, and only lateral facets significantly decreased the OKS (mean difference [MD] = -2.18, P   <  0.01) and KSS (MD = -2.61, P   <  0.01). The severity degree of PFJ degeneration had no additional adverse effect on the OKS, KSS, or revision rates. For mobile-bearing UKA, only lateral PFJ degeneration significantly decreased the OKS (MD = -2.21, P  < 0.01) and KSS (MD = -2.44, P  < 0.01). For fixed-bearing UKA, no correlation was found between PROMs/revision rates and PFJ degeneration.@*CONCLUSION@#For medial mobile-bearing UKA, slight to moderate degenerative changes in the PFJ, except lateral facet, did not compromise PROMs or revision rates. For medial fixed-bearing UKA, although it might not be conclusive enough, PROMs or revision rates were not adversely affected by PFJ degeneration (regardless of the facet).

Study on the correlation between early three-dimensional gait analysis and clinical efficacy after robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#Robot-assisted technology is a forefront of surgical innovation that improves the accuracy of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). But whether the accuracy of surgery can improve the clinical efficacy still needs further research. The purpose of this study is to perform three-dimensional (3D) analysis in the early postoperative period of patients who received robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty (RATKA), and to study the trend of changes in gait parameters after RATKA and the correlation with the early clinical efficacy.@*METHODS@#Patients who received RATKA in the Center of Joint Surgery, the First Hospital Affiliated to Army Military Medical University from October 2020 to January 2021 were included. The imaging parameters, i.e., hip-knee-ankle angle, lateral distal femoral angle, medial proximal tibial angle, posterior condylar angle were measured 3 months post-TKA. The 3D gait analysis and clinical efficacy by Western Ontario Mac Master University Index (WOMAC) score were performed pre-TKA, 3 and 6 months post-TKA. The differences in spatiotemporal parameters of gait, kinetic parameters, and kinematic parameters of the operated limb and the contralateral limb were compared. The correlation between gait parameters and WOMAC scores was analyzed. Paired sample t-test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test were used to analyze the difference between groups, and Spearman correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation.@*RESULTS@#There were 31 patients included in this study, and the imaging indexes showed that all of them returned to normal post-TKA. The WOMAC score at 3 months post-TKA was significantly lower than that pre-TKA, and there was no significant difference between at 3 and 6 months. The 3D gait analysis results showed that the double support time of the operated limb reduced at 3 and 6 months (all p < 0.05), the maximum extension and maximum external rotation of the knee joint increased at stance phase, and the maximum flexion angle, the range of motion and the maximum external rotation increased at swing phase. Compared with the preoperative data, there were significant improvements (all p < 0.05). Compared with the contralateral knee joint, the maximum external rotation of the knee joint at swing phase was smaller than that of the contralateral side, and the maximum flexion and extension moment was greater than that of the contralateral knee. The maximum external rotation moment of the joint was greater than that of the contralateral knee joint (p < 0.05). There was a negative correlation between the single support time pre-TKA and the WOMAC score at 3 months (p = 0.017), and the single support time at 3 months was negatively correlated with the WOMAC score at 6 months (p = 0.043). The cadence at 6 months was negatively correlated with the WOMAC score at 6 months (p = 0.031). The maximum knee extension at stance phase at 6 months was negatively correlated with the WOMAC score at 6 month (p = 0.048). The maximum external rotation at stance phase at 6 months was negatively correlated with the WOMAC score at 6 months (p = 0.024).@*CONCLUSION@#The 3D gait analysis of RATKA patients is more sensitive than WOMAC score in evaluating the clinical efficacy. Trend of changes in gait parameters shows that the knee joint support, flexion and extension function, range of motion, external rotation and varus deformity moment of the patient were significantly improved at 3 months after surgery, and continued to 6 months after surgery. Compared with the contralateral knee, the gait parameters of the operated limb still has significant gaps in functionality, such as the external rotation and flexion and extension. The single support time, cadence, knee extension, and knee external rotation of the operated limb have a greater correlation with the postoperative WOMAC score. Postoperative rehabilitation exercises should be emphasized, which is of great value for improving the early efficacy of RATKA.

Propensity score-matched study of uni-condylar arthroplasty in elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical efficacy of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis in patients over 75 years old.@*METHODS@#The clinical efficacy of primary fixed platform UKA in patients with osteoarthritis, was retrospectively analyzed from October 2014 to November 2020. Age, body mass index (BMI), range of motion (ROM), preoperative joint function score, the quality of life score and other preoperative indicators were measured by propensity score matching (PSM). The patients were divided into elderly group (≥75 years old) and control group (<75 years old). Oxford knee score(OKS), Western Ontario McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index(WOMAC), Short Form-12 including physical component summary (PCS), mental component summary(MCS), minimal clinically important difference(MCID ) and clinical complications were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively.@*RESULTS@#A total of 514 patients were analyzed, 428 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A propensity-score matching study was conducted to eliminate confounding factors. After 1∶2 propensity match, there were 84 patients in elderly group (≥75 years), age ranged from 75 to 88 years old, with an average of (78.79±3.08) years old, and 168 patients in control group (<75 years), age ranged from 47 to 74 years old, with an average of (64.10±5.96)years old. The follow-up duration of two groups ranged from 12 to 84 months with an average of (29.35±16.52) months in elderly group, and 12 to 85 months with an average of (31.83±17.34) months in control group. There was only significant difference in age between the elderly and control groups preoperatively (P<0.01). Postoperatively, the elderly group showed significantly higher WOMAC (P<0.01) and lower SF-12 PCS scores (P<0.01) as compared to the control group. There was no significant difference between the elderly group and the control group in knee range of motion, OKS and the proportion of each scoring system reaching the minimum clinical difference value (P>0.05). In the aspect of preperative complications, the elderly group exhibited more surgical site complications and postoperative delirium compared to control group(P<0.05). The differences in other indicators including deep vein thrombosis, acute urinary retention, cardiovascular events, cerebrovascular events and radiolucent lines around prothesis were not statistically significant(P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#UKA in the treatment of elderly patients over 75 years old with knee osteoarthritis was safe and feasible, and could obtain satisfactory short-term efficacy.

Early clinical application of Mako robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty in knee osteoarthritis / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the early efficacy of Mako robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and summarize the initial application experience.@*METHODS@#Retrospective analysis of 73 patients with KOA treated with Mako robot-assisted TKA from June 2021 to December 2021. There were 16 males and 57 females, aged from 54 to 81 years old with an average of (67.8±6.6) years old. The hip knee and ankle angle (HKA), lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), lateral femoral component angle (LFCA) and lateral tibial component angle (LTCA) were recorded and analyzed. WOMAC score and KSS were used to compare the functional recovery of patients preoperatively, 3 and 6 months postoperatively.@*RESULTS@#All the 73 patients were successfully treated without serious complications such as vascular and nerve injury, and all the incisions healed well at stageⅠwithout infection. The patients were followed up from 4 to 11 months with an average of (7.0±2.7) months, and the satisfaction rate of the last follow-up was 90.41% (66/73). WOMAC scores were (23.1±5.4) at 3 months and (14.8±4.1) at 6 months postoperatively. KSS clinical scores were ( 76.1±4.0) at 3 months and (82.1±3.7) at 6 months postoperatively;KSS functional scores were (74.3±3.1) at 3 months and (78.6±2.1) at 6 months after operation. Postoperative imaging showed good position of the prosthesis, HKA angle was (178.5±2.1)°, LDFA was (91.2±1.8)°, MPTA was(89.9±1.5) °, LFCA was (7.6±3.1)°, LTCA was (88.2±1.1)°. The mechanical axis within ±3° in sixty cases(82.2%), and the mechanical axis within ±6° in all the patients.@*CONCLUSION@#Mako robot-assisted TKA is a safe and effective surgery in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis, which exhibited good efficacy in the correction of lower limb alignment, soft tissue balance and improvement of knee function. The long-term efficacy needs further follow-up observation.

Long-term results of synovectomy in total knee arthroplasty: a prospective, randomized controlled trial / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Synovectomy has been introduced into total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with the aim of relieving pain and inflammation of the synovium. However, there are no long-term, comparative data to evaluate the effect of synovectomy in TKA. This study was aimed at assessing pain, function, and complications in patients undergoing synovectomy during TKA for osteoarthritis (OA) at long-term follow-up.@*METHODS@#This was a prospective randomized controlled trial of 42 consecutive patients who underwent staged bilateral TKA. Patients undergoing the first-side TKA were allocated to receive TKA with or without synovectomy followed by a 3-month washout period and crossover to the other strategy for the opposite-side TKA. The overall efficacy of both strategies was evaluated by determination of blood loss, the Knee Society score (KSS), and knee inflammation conditions during a 3-month postoperative period. The postoperative pain, range of motion (ROM), and complications were sequentially evaluated to compare the two groups until 10 years after surgery.@*RESULTS@#At the 10-year follow-up, both groups had a similarly significantly improved ROM (114.88 ± 9.84° vs. 114.02 ± 9.43°, t  = 0.221, P  = 0.815) and pain relief with no differences between the two groups (1.0 [1.0] vs. 1.0 [1.5], U  = 789.500, P  = 0.613). Similar changes in total blood loss, KSS, and knee inflammation were found in both groups during 3 months postoperatively ( P  > 0.05). Additionally, there was no significant difference regarding complications and satisfaction between the two groups ( P  > 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Synovectomy in conjunction with TKA for primary OA does not seem to provide any benefit regarding postoperative pain, ROM, and satisfaction during a 10-year follow-up. In addition, it may not result in more blood loss and increased incidence of long-term complications. Based on our long-term findings, it should not be performed routinely.@*TRIAL REGISTRATION@#Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-INR-16008245; https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=13334 .

Comparison of outcomes of mixed unicompartmental knee arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty in the treatment of medial osteoarthritis of the knee / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate outcomes of mixed unicompartmental knee arthroplasty(UKA) and total knee arthroplasty(TKA) in the treatment of medial osteoarthritis(OA) of the knee.@*METHODS@#Retrospective analysis of 156 patients, 44 males and 112 females, aged from 50 to 75 years old with an average of(58.76±4.97) years old, who underwent knee arthroplasty from October 2017 to October 2019. The patients were divided into two groups:81 cases(81 knees) underwent TKA, including 23 males and 58 females, aged from 51 to 75 years old with an average of (58.60±5.01) years old, and 75 case (75 knees) underwent UKA with mixed phase 3 Oxford, including 21 males and 54 females, aged from 50 to 72 years old with an average of (58.92±4.95) years old. The two groups were compared regarding to the clinical outcomes, assessed using surgical information and complications, American Knee Society score(AKSS) clinical score and functional score. Radiographs were assessed using hip-knee-ankle angle(HKA), tibial component valgus/varus angle(TCVA), tibial component posterior slope angle(TCPSA), femoral component valgus/varus angle(FCVA), femoral component posterior slope angle(FCPSA), looking for bearing dislocation, prosthesis loosening, progression of OA in lateral compartment.@*RESULTS@#Intraoperative bleeding, operative time and hospital days were significantly better in the UKA group than in the TKA group (P<0.05), and there were no postoperative complications in either group. Patients in both groups were enrolled with an average follow-up time of (38.01±8.90) months, ranged from 24 to 54 months. AKSS functional, AKSS clinical, HKA in both groups significantly improved at the final follow-up compared with those before operation. At the final follow-up, the UKA group was significantly better than the TKA group in AKSS functional and AKSS clinical, whereas HKA in the TKA group was better. At the final follow-up. TCVA and FCVA between the two groups were not significantly different, while TCPSA and FCPSA in the UKA group were significantly greater than the TKA group. No signs of progression of OA to the lateral compartment were observed.@*CONCLUSION@#Mixed phase 3 Oxford UKA in medial unicompartmental knee osteoarthritis was considerably better than TKA for less blood loss, shorter operation time, shorter hospital stay, rapid postoperative recovery, helping achieve satisfactory function, provided satisfactory outcome.

Mid-term clinical outcome of arthroscopic surgery on early knee osteoarthritis in middle-old aged patients / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the mid-term clinical effect of arthroscopic surgery versus conservative treatment on the middle aged early knee osteoarthritis (EKOA) patients, with the hope to provide clinical evidence for their individual therapy.@*METHODS@#A total of 145 middle aged EKOA patients(182 knees) who received arthroscopic surgery or conservative treatment from January 2015 to December 2016 were retrospectively enrolled, including 35 males and 110 females, aged from 47 to 79 years old with an average of (57.6±6.9) years old, and the duration of disease ranged from 6 to 48 months with an average of(14.6±8.9) months. According to treatment method, patients were divided into arthroscopic surgery group (47 patients, 58 knees) and conservative treatment group(98 patients, 124 knees). Before treatment, patients presented with symptoms of knee joint, such as pain, swelling, locking, limited flexion and extension, and weakness, as well as abnormal findings in knee X-ray (without or suspicious joint space narrow, and a few of osteophyte formation) or in knee MRI (injury or degeneration of articular cartilage or meniscus, loose body in the joint cavity and synovial hyperemia edema, etc). Related data were collected, including duration of knee symptoms, presence of meniscus injury, loose body in the joint cavity or mechanical symptoms such as locking, and visual analogue scale (VAS) and Lysholm knee function score before treatment and at the latest follow-up. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the differences in VAS or Lyshilm score before or after treatment between the low groups and within each group.@*RESULTS@#Patients in the two groups were followed up from 60 to 76 months. In the arthroscopic surgery group, the incision healing was good and no surgical complications occurred. There were no significant differences in age, gender, BMI and follow-up time between the two groups(P>0.05). Before treatment, compared with conservative group, duration of symptoms in the arthroscopic group was longer (P<0.001), comorbidity rates of meniscus injury (P<0.001), free body (P=0.001) and mechanical symptoms (P<0.001) were higher, VAS (P<0.001) and Lysholm score (P<0.001) were worse. At the final follow-up, VAS and Lysholm score in either the conservative group or the arthroscopic group were significantly better than before treatment (P<0.05), while no significant differences between the two groups were found. The VAS was (1.5±1.2) scores in the arthroscopic group and (1.6±1.0)scores in the conservative group(P=0.549), and the Lysholm score was (84.9±12.5) scores in the arthroscopic group and (84.2±9.9) scores in the conservative group (P=0.676).@*CONCLUSION@#Both arthroscopic surgery and conservative treatment have satisfactory intermediate clinical effect middle- aged patients with EKOA, without statistically differences. However, most of the patients before surgery in the arthroscopic treatment group had mechanical locking symptoms caused by meniscus injury or loose body. Therefore, for the middle-aged EKOA patients with mechanical locking symptoms or without obtaining satisfactory outcome after conservative treatment, arthroscopic surgery may be considered.

Value of personalized osteotomy in primary total knee arthroplasty for severe varus knee osteoarthritis / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore application value and efficacy of personalized osteotomy in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for severe varus knee osteoarthritis.@*METHODS@#From June 2018 to January 2020, 36 patients (49 knees) with severe varus knee osteoarthritis were treated, including 15 males (21 knees) and 21 females (28 knees), aged from 59 to 82 years old with an average of (67.6 ± 6.5) years old;the course of disease ranged from 9.5 to 20.5 years with an average of (15.0 ± 5.0) years;11 patients (15 knees) with Kellgren-Lawrence grade Ⅲ and 25 patients (34 knees) with grade Ⅳ according to Kellgren-Lawrence grading. According to AORI clsssification of tibial bone defects, 8 patients (15 knees) were typeⅠTa and 16 patients (18 knees) were typeⅡ T2a. All patients' femor-tibial angle (FTA) was above 15°, and received primary TKA with personalized osteotomy. Thirty-three patients (45 knees) were treated with posterior-stabilized (PS) prostheses, 13 patients (15 knees) with PS prostheses combined with a metal pad and extension rod on the tibial side, and 3 patients (4 knees) with legacy constrained condylar knee (LCCK) prostheses. FTA, posterior condylar angle (PCA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) and lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA) before and after operation at 1 month were measured and compared by using picture archiving and communication systems (PACS). Recovery of lower limbs before and after operation at 12 months was evaluated by American Knee Society Score(KSS), and complications were observed and recorded.@*RESULTS@#All 36 patients (49 knees) were followed up from 15 to 40 months with an average of (23.46±7.65) months. FTA, MPTA were corrected from preoperative (18.65±4.28)° and (83.75±3.65)° to postoperative (2.35±1.46)° and (88.85±2.25)° at 1 month, respectively (P<0.001). PCA was decreased from (2.42±2.16)° before operation to (1.65±1.35)° at 1 month after operation, LDFA improved from (89.56 ± 3.55)° before operation to (91.63±3.38)° at 1 month after operation (P<0.05). KSS increased from (67.58±24.16) before opertion to(171.31±15.24) at 12 months after operation, 14 patients (19 knees) got excellent result, 19 (26 knees) good, and 3 (4 knees) fair.@*CONCLUSION@#Personalized osteotomy is helpful for recovery of axial alignment of lower limbs and correct placement of prosthesis, could effectively relieve pain of knee joint, recover knee joint function.

Effect of body mass index on short-term effectiveness of high tibial osteotomy in treatment of varus knee arthritis / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of body mass index (BMI) on the short-term effectiveness of high tibial osteotomy (HTO) in the treatment of varus knee arthritis.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 84 patients (84 knees) with varus knee arthritis treated with HTO between May 2016 and August 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. According to BMI, the patients were divided into normal group (32 patients in group A, BMI<25 kg/m 2), overweight group (27 patients in group B, BMI>30 kg/m 2), and obese group (25 patients in group C, BMI>30 kg/m 2). The BMI of groups A, B, and C were (23.35±0.89), (26.65±1.03), and (32.05±1.47) kg/m 2, respectively. There was no significant difference ( P>0.05) in gender, age, surgical side, disease duration, and preoperative Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, knee range of motion, and hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA) between groups. The operation time, intraoperative dominant blood loss, and the decrease of hemoglobin on the 3rd day after operation were recorded and compared between groups. The improvement of knee joint function and pain status were evaluated by knee joint HSS score, knee range of motion, and VAS score before and after operation, and measuring the HKA of patients on X-ray film. During the follow-up, the X-ray films of the knee joint were reexamined to observe the position of the internal fixator and the healing of osteotomy.@*RESULTS@#All patients completed the operation successfully and were followed up 8-40 months (mean, 19.3 months). There was no significant difference in follow-up time, operation time, intraoperative dominant blood loss, and the decrease of hemoglobin on the 3rd day after operation between groups ( P>0.05). No operative complications such as severe vascular or nerve injury occurred. After operation, deep venous thrombosis of lower extremities occurred in 1 case in groups A and B respectively, and fat liquefaction of surgical incision occurred in 2 cases in group C. There was no significant difference in the incidence of perioperative complications between groups (3.1% vs. 3.7% vs. 8.0%) ( P=0.689). During the follow-up, there was no bone nonunion, plate fracture or loosening. At last follow-up, HSS score, VAS score, knee range of motion, and HKA significantly improved in the 3 groups when compared with those before operation ( P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the differences of the above indexes between groups before and after operation ( P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#BMI does not affect the short-term effectiveness of HTO in the treatment of varus knee arthritis. HTO can be selected for overweight and obese patients after standard medical treatment is ineffective.

Short- and mid-term effectiveness of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty for post-traumatic arthritis of knee / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the short- and mid-term effectiveness of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) for post-traumatic arthritis (PTA) of knee.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 30 patients with PTA of unilateral knee between March 2014 and September 2021 was retrospectively analyzed. There were 14 males and 16 females with an average of 64.5 years (range, 33-81 years). The average body mass index was 26.7 kg/m 2 (range, 19.8-35.6 kg/m 2). The types of injuries that caused PTA included intra-articular fracture in 16 cases, extra-articular fracture in 8 cases, and soft tissue injury in 6 cases. The initial injuries were treated by conservative therapy in 12 cases and by surgical therapy in 18 cases. Ten cases were medial compartment osteoarthritis and 20 cases were lateral compartment osteoarthritis. According to Kellgren-Lawrence staging, there were 19 cases of grade Ⅲ and 11 cases of grade Ⅳ. The operative time, the length of hospital stay, complications, and subjective satisfaction were recorded. The Oxford Knee Function Score (OKS), Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score, and knee range of motion (ROM) were used to evaluate knee function. Weight-bearing X-ray films were taken to measure the femoro-tibial angle (FTA) and to assess alignment correction of the lower limb.@*RESULTS@#The operative time ranged from 50 to 95 minutes (mean, 63.7 minutes), the length of hospital stay ranged from 3 to 8 days (mean, 6.9 days). Superficial infection occurred in 2 patients, while the remaining incisions healed by first intention. There was no deep vein thrombosis or neurovascular injury. All patients were followed up 17-109 months (median, 70 months). At last follow-up, OKS score, HSS score, and ROM in 30 cases significantly improved when compared with those before operation (P<0.05). Lower limb alignment was significantly corrected and there was significant difference in FTA of the varus and valgus knees between pre- and post-operation ( P<0.05). The patient satisfaction rate was 86.7% (26/30). Two cases developed contralateral osteoarthritis progression during follow-up. No bearing dislocation, prosthesis loosening or sinking occurred and none required further revision.@*CONCLUSION@#For patients with PTA of knee, UKA can obtain definite short- and mid-term effectiveness with high patient satisfaction.

Relationship between trace elements in synovial fluid and cartilage and severity of knee osteoarthritis / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the relationship between trace elements in synovial fluid and cartilage and severity of knee osteoarthritis (KOA).@*METHODS@#Patients with KOA who underwent knee arthrocentesis or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were recruited based on inclusion criteria between June 2021 and December 2021. Synovial fluid samples were obtained during knee arthrocentesis and TKA, and participants were divided into the mild group (grading Ⅰ/Ⅱ) and the severe group (grading Ⅲ/Ⅳ) according to the Kellgren-Lawrence grading (K-L grading). Cartilage samples with different degrees of wear were collected during the TKA from the same patient and were divided into mild wear (0-1 point) and severe wear (2-4 points) groups based on the Pelletier score. The contents of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) in synovial fluid and cartilage were evaluated by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and the differences between groups were compared.@*RESULTS@#A total of 33 synovial fluid samples were collected, including 19 specimens from 14 patients who underwent knee arthrocentesis of mild group, with 5 bilateral sides knee arthrocentesis in them, and 14 specimens from 14 TKA patients of severe group. The patients were significantly younger in the mild group than in the severe group ( P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in gender or body mass index between the two groups ( P>0.05). Nineteen pairs of cartilage samples with mild and severe wear were collected from severe KOA patients (K-L grading Ⅲ and Ⅳ), including 9 males and 10 females, with an average age of 70.4 years (range, 58-80 years). The body mass index ranged from 21.2 to 30.7 kg/m 2, with an average of 25.6 kg/m 2. The content of Zn in synovial fluid and cartilage from KOA patients was the highest, followed by Cu, and Mn was the lowest. The Cu content in synovial fluid was significantly higher in the severe group than in the mild group ( P<0.05), and in the severe wear group than in the mild wear group ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in Zn and Mn content between the two groups ( P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The Cu content increases with the severity of cartilage wear in patients with KOA.

A comparative study of short-term effectiveness of "SkyWalker" robot-assisted versus traditional total knee arthroplasty / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the short-term effectiveness of "SkyWalker" robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and traditional TKA.@*METHODS@#A clinical data of 54 patients (54 knees) with TKA who met the selection criteria between January 2022 and March 2022 was retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 27 cases underwent traditional TKA (traditional operation group) and 27 cases underwent "SkyWalker" robot-assisted TKA (robot-assisted operation group). There was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05) in terms of gender, age, body mass index, osteoarthritis side, disease duration, and preoperative Knee Society Score (KSS), Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), visual analogue scale (VAS) score, hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA), lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), and posterior proximal tibial angle (PPTA). The operative time, intraoperative bleeding volume, surgery-related complications, the KSS, WOMAC, and VAS scores before operation and at 6 months after operation, and Forgotten Joint Score (FJS) at 6 months after operation were recorded. X-ray films were taken to review the prosthesis position and measure HKA, LDFA, MPTA, and PPTA. The differences of the clinical and imaging indicators between before and after operation were calculated and statistically analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The operations were completed successfully in both groups. There was no significant difference in the operative time and intraoperative bleeding volume between the two groups ( P>0.05). After operation, 1 case of incision nonunion and 1 case of heart failure occurred in the traditional operation group, while no surgery-related complications occurred in the robotic-assisted operation group. The incidences of surgical complications were 7.4% (2/27) in the traditional operation group and 0 (0/27) in the robotic-assisted operation group, with no significant difference ( P=0.491). Patients in both groups were followed up 6 months. KSS score, WOMAC score, VAS score, and ROM significantly improved in both groups at 6 months after operation when compared with preoperative ones ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05) in the differences between the pre- and post-operative values of the clinical indicators and FJS scores at 6 months after operation. X-ray films showed that the lower extremity force lines of the patients improved and the knee prostheses were in good position. Except for LDFA in the robot-assisted operation group, HKA, LDFA, MPTA, and PPTA significantly improved in both groups at 6 months after operation when compared with the preoperative ones ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the differences between the pre- and post-operative values of the radiological indicators ( P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The "SkyWalker" robot-assisted TKA is one of the effective methods for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis and had good short-term effectiveness. But the long-term effectiveness needs to be further studied.

Research Progress in Application of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Total Knee Arthroplasty / 中国医学科学院学报

To summarize the clinical application of patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and provide reference for the application of PROM in perioperative evaluation of the patients receiving TKA,we reviewed the recent studies about the application of PROM in TKA and analyzed the contents and application characteristics of the PROM.The common PROM in TKA,such as the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index,Oxford Knee Score,and Forgotten Joint Score,principally focus on patients' subjective feelings about pain,function and other aspects of their knees.However,they have diverse ranges of application and each of them has their own advantages and disadvantages.There is a variety of PROM applied in TKA,which makes it challenging to select the proper measurement for evaluation.The PROM in TKA remains to be improved for broader use.

Artroscopia de rodilla en pacientes mayores de 64 años con gonartrosis primaria / Knee Arthroscopy In Patients Over 64 Years Of Age With Primary Gonarthrosis

Introducción: La gonartrosis es una entidad frecuente, que afecta especialmente a personas mayores de 60 años de edad. Para su tratamiento se combinan modalidades conservadoras y quirúrgicas y dentro de esta última, las realizadas por la vía artroscópica. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados de las técnicas quirúrgicas por vía artroscópica en pacientes con gonartrosis primaria mayores de 64 años de edad. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio pre experimental de diseño (preprueba-posprueba) en 40 pacientes mayores de 64 años tratados por vía artroscópica con el diagnóstico de gonartrosis primaria, en el Hospital Universitario Manuel Ascunce Domenech de la ciudad de Camagüey de octubre 2012 a mayo de 2019. La investigación tiene un nivel de evidencia IV y recomendación D. Resultados: El promedio de edad de los pacientes estudiados fue de 69,6 años con predominio del sexo femenino sobre el masculino, y una razón de 3:1. La afección tricompartimental predominó en la mayoría de los enfermos, así como el grado IV según la clasificación de Outerbridge. Predominaron las lesiones de cartílago y meniscos asociadas. Los tratamientos por vía artroscópica más empleados fueron el desbridamiento y la meniscectomía parcial. Se detectó significación estadística entre un antes y un después. Conclusiones: Los resultados de la investigación muestran que los procedimientos realizados a través de la vía artroscópica en pacientes mayores de 64 años de edad con gonartrosis primaria son efectivos en más de la mitad de los enfermos(AU)

Introduction: Gonarthrosis is a common entity that especially affects people over 60 years of age. For its treatment, conservative and surgical modalities are combined, and within the latter, those carried out by the arthroscopic route. Objective: To evaluate the results of arthroscopic surgical techniques in patients with primary gonarthrosis older than 64 years of age. Methods: A pre-experimental design study (pre-test-post-test) was carried out in 40 patients older than 64 years treated arthroscopically due to the diagnosis of primary gonarthrosis, at Manuel Ascunce Domenech University Hospital in Camagüey from October 2012 to May. of 2019. The research has a level of evidence IV and recommendation D. Results: The average age of the patients studied was 69.6 years, with a predominance of females, and a ratio of 3:1. Tricompartmental involvement prevailed in most of the patients, as well as grade IV according to the Outerbridge classification. Associated cartilage and meniscus injuries predominated. The most used arthroscopic treatments were debridement and partial meniscectomy. Statistical significance was detected between before and after. Conclusions: The results of the investigation show that the procedures carried out through the arthroscopic route in patients older than 64 years of age with primary gonarthrosis are effective in more than half of the patients(AU)

Cohorte histórica de artroplastia unicompartimental de rodilla en un hospital universitario chileno / Historical cohort of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in a Chilean university hospital

OBJETIVO Describir el resultado funcional informado por el paciente de una cohorte de pacientes sometidos a artroplastia unicompartimental de rodilla (AUR) en un hospital universitario chileno. MÉTODOS Se diseñó un estudio de cohorte histórica. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes que se sometieron a AUR de platillo fijo entre 2003 y 2019. Un evaluador independiente se puso en contacto con los pacientes en junio de 2020. Se utilizó el índice de artritis de las universidades de Western Ontario y McMaster (WOMAC) para comparar los procedimientos de AUR (medial o lateral), la edad (mayor o menor de 70 años), y el seguimiento (más o menos de 5 años). RESULTADOS Se incluyeron 78 pacientes, en un total de 94 AURs. La mediana de edad fue de 64 años (rango: 43 a 85 años). Hubo 72 (76,6%) casos de AUR medial. Un paciente necesitó revisión para artroplastia total de rodilla (ATR). Un total de 60 pacientes (76,9%), correspondientes a 72 AURs (76,7%), fueron contactados con éxito por teléfono para el seguimiento final. La mediana del puntaje en los dominios del WOMAC fue: dolor ­ 1 (rango: 0 a 12); rigidez ­ 0 (rango: 0 a 4); y función física ­ 2 (rango: 0 a 29). La mediana del puntaje total en el WOMAC fue de 4 (rango: 0 a 44). Los pacientes sometidos a AUR lateral lograron mejores puntuaciones funcionales (p » 0,0432), y el puntaje total en el WOMAC fue similar en pacientes mayores o menores de 70 años (p » 0,3706). CONCLUSIONES La AUR es un tratamiento eficaz y reproducible para pacientes con artrosis de rodilla unicompartimental. La edad parece no afectar los resultados funcionales, y la AUR es un tratamiento eficaz en pacientes mayores de 70 años. Estos resultados deberían animar a los cirujanos de rodilla a aprender esta técnica y a los responsables de las políticas de salud pública a considerar la AUR para la osteoartritis de rodilla.

PURPOSE To describe the patient-reported functional outcome of a cohort of patients undergoing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) in a Chilean university hospital. METHODS A historical cohort study was designed. All patients who underwent fixedbearing UKA between 2003 and 2019 were included. An independent evaluator contacted the patients in June 2020. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) was used to compare UKA procedures (medial or lateral), age (over or under 70 years), and follow up (longer or shorter than 5 years). RESULTS A total of 78 patients, corresponding to 94 UKAs, were included. The median age was 64 years (range: 43 to 85 years). There were 72 (76.6%) cases of medial UKA. One patient needed revision to total knee arthoplasty (TKA). A total of 60 patients (76.9%), corresponding to 72 UKAs, were successfully contacted by phone for the final follow-up. The median scores on the WOMAC domains were: pain ­ 1 (range: 0 to 12); stiffness ­0 (range: 0 to 4); and physical function ­ 2 (range: 0 to 29). The median total score on the WOMAC was 4 (range: 0 to 44). Patients submitted to lateral UKA had better functional scores (p » 0.0432), and the total WOMAC score was similar among patients older or younger than 70 years of age (p » 0.3706). CONCLUSIONS For patients with unicompartmental knee osteoarthritis, UKA is an effective and reproducible treatment. Age does not seem to affect the functional results, and UKA is an effective treatment in patients over 70 years old. These results should encourage knee surgeons to learn this technique and those responsible for public health policies to consider UKA for knee osteoarthritis

Predictores de dolor anterior de rodilla en pacientes operados de artroplastia total de rodilla sin reemplazo patelar / Predictors of anterior knee pain in patients operated of arthroplasty total knee without patellar replacement

Osteoarthrosis of the knee is one of the most important causes of disability around the world, being total knee arthroplasty (TKA) a cost-effective surgical procedure for treating its severe stage when all knee compartments are compromised. Despite the good functional results and good survival of the implants and of the patients, still, 15 to 20% of the patients are dissatisfied after surgery. One of the causes of dissatisfaction is persistent pain located in the anterior part of the knee, which leads to controversy over whether to perform the patellar replacement. Advantages and complications are described in both scenarios, and neither is superior to the other in pain and implant survival. In the case of TKA without patellar replacement, the position of the femoral component plays a crucial role in achieving normal patellar tracking. The current challenge is to determine those clinical and radiological variables that allow us to predict the absence of long-term anterior pain in patients who require TKA and who do not undergo patellar replacement. (AU)

Medial parapatellar soft tissue overlapping suture in total knee arthroplasty for severe osteoarthritis with permanent patellar dislocation: early and mid-term results / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the early and mid-term clinical results of medial parapatellar soft tissue overlapping suture in total knee arthroplasty for treatment of severe osteoarthritis combined with permanent patellar dislocation.@*METHODS@#We retrospectively analyzed the data of 12 patients (12 knees) diagnosed with severe knee osteoarthritis combined with permanent patellar dislocation undergoing total knee arthroplasty with medial parapatellar soft tissue overlapping suture. Knee Society Score (KSS), University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) activity-level rating, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain score, and knee range of motion of the patients were assessed before and 2 years after the surgery. Anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the knee joint, full-length standing radiographs of the lower limbs and patellar axial radiographs were evaluated.@*RESULTS@#The mean Knee Society Score of the patients increased from 34.2±11.1 before surgery to 73.5±6.3 at two years after the surgery (P < 0.001). The UCLA activity-level rating increased from an average of 3.8 ± 0.8 before surgery to 5.8 ± 0.6 at two years postoperatively (P=0.003). The mean VAS pain score decreased from 42.8±6.0 before surgery to 20.1±3.7 (P < 0.001) and the range of motion of the knee joint increased from 74.6±8.9 degrees to 97.5±4.5 degrees at two years (P < 0.001). The radiographs showed no signs of subluxation or dislocation of the patella in all the patients.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Medial parapatellar soft tissue overlapping suture in total knee arthroplasty can achieve good early and mid-term clinical results for treatment of severe osteoarthritis combined with permanent patellar dislocation.

Patient factors influencing preoperative expectations of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the expectations of patients for total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and to analyze its influencing factors.@*METHODS@#Experimental design: Single center, retrospective, multiple regression analysis. The data including the age, height, and weight of 108 patients undergoing unilateral TKA due to end-stage osteoarthritis were obtained. The patients' preoperative Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee arthroplasty expectation score, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) score, Knee Society score (KSS), the MOS 36-item short-from health survey (SF-36) score, and visual analogue scale (VAS) were evaluated, and the 30-second chair-stand test (30-CST), 40-meter fast-paced walk test (40-FPWT), 12-level stair-climb test (12-SCT), 3-meter timed up-and-go test (TUG), 6-minute walk test (6-MWT), and recorded daily steps for 7 consecutive days were performed. The SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis. The observed values of various data were described. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between various parameters, and the multi-factor linear regression analysis was used to investigate the influencing factors of the patients preoperative expectation scores.@*RESULTS@#The average expectation score of this group of patients was 58.98±5.44. In the Pearson correlation analysis, the patient's preoperative expectation had a weak correlation to the result of the patient's 12-SCT, TUG, 6-MWT, KSS function score, and SF-36 mental component score (correlation coefficient 0.1-0.3). The patient's preoperative expectation had a moderate correlation to the patient's daily average steps, 30-CST, 40-FPWT, KSS, WOMAC and its pain, stiffness, function scores, SF-36 physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain, vitality, and physical component score (correlation coefficient 0.3-0.6). In the multivariate linear regression analysis, only the results of 30-CST and the role-physical, bodily pain and vitality in the SF-36 scale were related to the patient's expectation score (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The estimated expectation score of patients before TKA is not high. Patients with more severe preoperative pain, worse physical function, and lower overall health are more eager to improve after surgery. Thus surgeons must communicate fully with patients with unrealistic expectations before surgery in order to obtain more satisfactory results postoperatively.

META analysis of mobile bearing and fixed bearing unicondyle replacement for medial knee osteoarthritis / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate of the clinical effects of mobile-bearing(MB) and fixed-bearing(FB) unicompartmental knee arthroplasty(UKA) in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis by Meta-analysis.@*METHODS@#The literature on FB UKA and MB UKA in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis in PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang, Cochrane and EMBASE database were searched by computer from January 2000 to April 2020. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two authors were selected independently and the selected literature was evaluated for quality.After literature data were extracted, Review Manager 5.3 software was used to analyze knee function score, postoperative activity, revision rate, polyethylene wear rate, pad dislocation, aseptic loosening, postoperative pain, knee arthritis progression, mechanical shaft alignment of lower limbs, and imaging clarity line respectively.@*RESULTS@#A total of 13 literatures were included in this meta-analysis, including 2 randomized controlled studies and 11 cohort studies. A total of 1 871 patients were included, including 913 in FB UKA group and 958 in MB UKA group. Meta analysis results showed that:postoperative knee joint function score[MD=-0.84, 95%CI(-1.46, -0.21), P=0.008] and postoperative knee joint range of motion [MD=-1.51, 95%CI(-2.84, -0.18), P=0.03] in FB UKA group were better than those in MB UKA group. Compared with FB UKA group, MB UKA group had a higher lower limb mechanical axis alignment rate[OR=2.08, 95%CI(1.27, 3.39), P=0.003], and the wear rate of polyethylene [OR=0.11, 95%CI(0.01, 0.91), P=0.04] was lower. There were no differences between two groups in the renovation rate [OR=1.16, 95%CI(0.75, 1.80), P=0.50), liner dislocation rate[OR=3.78, 95%CI(0.93, 15.29), P=0.06], aseptic loosening [OR=2.11, 95%CI(0.81, 5.51), P=0.13], postoperative pain[OR=1.13, 95%CI(0.37, 3.43), P=0.83], osteoarthritis progression[OR=1.28, 95%CI(0.67, 2.47), P=0.46)and imaging radiolucent line[OR=1.62, 95%CI(0.09, 30.22), P=0.75].@*CONCLUSION@#FB UKA has a higher postoperative functional score and range of motion.MB UKA has more advantages in the correction of lower limb mechanical axis, and the wear rate of polyethylene is also lower. There was no significant difference between the two groups in revision rate, dislocation of the liner, aseptic loosening, postoperative pain, progression of osteoarthritis, and postoperative translucency.