RESUMEN
In plants, lipoxygenases (LOXs) play a crucial role in biotic and abiotic stresses. In our previous study, five 13-LOX genes of oriental melon were regulated by abiotic stress but it is unclear whether the 9-LOX is involved in biotic and abiotic stresses. The promoter analysis revealed that CmLOX09 (type of 9-LOX) has hormone elements, signal substances, and stress elements. We analyzed the expression of CmLOX09 and its downstream genes-CmHPL and CmAOS-in the leaves of four-leaf stage seedlings of the oriental melon cultivar "Yumeiren" under wound, hormone, and signal substances. CmLOX09, CmHPL, and CmAOS were all induced by wounding. CmLOX09 was induced by auxin (indole acetic acid, IAA) and gibberellins (GA3); however, CmHPL and CmAOS showed differential responses to IAA and GA3. CmLOX09, CmHPL, and CmAOS were all induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA), while being inhibited by abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA). CmLOX09, CmHPL, and CmAOS were all induced by the powdery mildew pathogen Podosphaera xanthii. The content of 2-hexynol and 2-hexenal in leaves after MeJA treatment was significantly higher than that in the control. After infection with P. xanthii, the diseased leaves of the oriental melon were divided into four levels-levels 1, 2, 3, and 4. The content of jasmonic acid (JA) in the leaves of levels 1 and 3 was significantly higher than that in the level 0 leaves. In summary, the results suggested that CmLOX09 might play a positive role in the response to MeJA through the hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) pathway to produce C6 alcohols and aldehydes, and in the response to P. xanthii through the allene oxide synthase (AOS) pathway to form JA.
Asunto(s)
Ácido Abscísico , Acetatos/química , Aldehído-Liasas/metabolismo , Aldehídos/química , Cucurbitaceae/genética , Ciclopentanos/química , Sistema Enzimático del Citocromo P-450/metabolismo , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Hormonas/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Oxidorreductasas Intramoleculares/metabolismo , Lipooxigenasa/metabolismo , Oxilipinas/química , Hojas de la Planta/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , Ácido Salicílico/química , Plantones/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Estrés Fisiológico , TransgenesRESUMEN
Orbito-cranial foreign bodies present a treacherous situation that can escape detection. The only evidence of these foreign bodies may be the entry wound in the form of a small lid laceration. A two-year-old boy presented with right upper lid laceration following a fall two hours back. Analysis of the fluid around the wound revealed a beta-tracer protein (beta-TP) value of 33.5 mg/l suggestive of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a foreign body measuring 4.2 cm × 0.8 cm passing from the orbital roof to the frontal lobe. The foreign body tract was explored through the eyelid laceration and a broken pencil was removed followed by dural patch graft. The patient developed no ocular or intracranial complications. Beta-TP, a highly specific marker of CSF is routinely used in screening patients of neurosurgery and otolaryngology with CSF leaks, however, its use has never been reported in ophthalmic literature based on an online PubMed search.
Asunto(s)
Lesiones Encefálicas/metabolismo , Lesiones Encefálicas/diagnóstico por imagen , Rinorrea de Líquido Cefalorraquídeo/metabolismo , Rinorrea de Líquido Cefalorraquídeo/diagnóstico por imagen , Preescolar , Cuerpos Extraños en el Ojo/metabolismo , Cuerpos Extraños en el Ojo/diagnóstico por imagen , Lesiones Oculares Penetrantes/metabolismo , Lesiones Oculares Penetrantes/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Oxidorreductasas Intramoleculares/metabolismo , Lipocalinas/metabolismo , Masculino , Órbita/lesiones , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
PURPOSE: In addition to cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) which is related to prostaglandin E2 synthesis, other enzymes such as cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 (mPGES-1), and 15-prostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) have been suggested to be related to carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of cPLA2, COX-2, mPGES-1, and 15-PGDH in tumor progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: cPLA2, COX-2, mPGES-1, 15-PGDH, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expressions were immunohistochemically examined in 89 CRC, and their expressions were compared with each other or clinicopathologic parameters as well as VEGF as tumor progression parameters. RESULTS: cPLA2 was expressed in 54.5%, COX-2 in 80.5%, mPGES-1 in 96.4%, 15-PGDH in 46.1%, and VEGF in 65.9%. The expression of cPLA2 correlated with VEGF expression. COX-2 expression was correlated with the depth of invasion, tumor stage, cPLA2, and VEGF expressions. Moreover, VEGF revealed the highest expression in the tissues positive for both cPLA2 and COX-2. Furthermore, 15-PGDH expression was inversely correlated with VEGF expression. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates that cPLA2 and mPGES-1, in addition to COX-2, are constitutively overexpressed, and that 15-PGDH might be attenuated in colorectal cancer. Furthermore, cPLA2 and 15-PGDH as well as COX-2 could have an important role in tumor progression.