RESUMEN
Growing patterns of pediculocidal drug resistance towards head louse laid the foundation for research in exploring novel anti-lice agents from medicinal plants. In the present study, various extracts of Pongamia pinnata leaves were tested against the head louse Pediculus humanus capitis. A filter paper diffusion method was conducted for determining the potential pediculocidal and ovicidal activity of chloroform, petroleum ether, methanol, and water extracts of P. pinnata leaves. The findings revealed that petroleum ether extracts possess excellent anti-lice activity with values ranging between 50.3% and 100% where as chloroform and methanol extracts showed moderate pediculocidal effects. The chloroform and methanol extracts were also successful in inhibiting nymph emergence and the petroleum ether extract was the most effective with a complete inhibition of emergence. Water extract was devoid of both pediculocidal and ovicidal activities. All the results were well comparable with benzoyl benzoate (25% w/v). These results showed the prospect of using P. pinnata leave extracts against P. humanus capitis in difficult situations of emergence of resistance to synthetic anti-lice agents.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Insecticidas/aislamiento & purificación , Phthiraptera/efectos de los fármacos , Millettia/química , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Hojas de la Planta/química , Análisis de SupervivenciaAsunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Preescolar , Adolescente , Infestaciones por Piojos/etiología , Escabiosis/etiología , Saneamiento de Viviendas , Infestaciones por Piojos/tratamiento farmacológico , Infestaciones por Piojos/prevención & control , Infestaciones por Piojos/transmisión , Hexaclorociclohexano/uso terapéutico , Phthiraptera/efectos de los fármacos , Phthiraptera/crecimiento & desarrollo , Phthiraptera/patogenicidad , Piretrinas/uso terapéutico , Interacciones Huésped-Parásitos , Sarcoptes scabiei/efectos de los fármacos , Sarcoptes scabiei/patogenicidad , Escabiosis/diagnóstico , Escabiosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Escabiosis/transmisiónRESUMEN
A clinical and entomological trial was carried out in 88 head louse (pediculus humanus capitis) infested children treated with a single dose of 1 percent permethrin shampoo or lotion. The sex distribution was 47 males and 41 females with ages ranging between 5 and 14 years old. In order to assess the efficiency of treatments, search for adult forms, nymphs and eggs (nits) of the parasite was performed in each of the children, before and after treatment (30 minutes, 7 days and 21 days). The entomological evaluations consisted in stereoscopic and microscopic examination of a mean of 12 hair samples taken from the retroauricular and occipital regions of each of the children, the biological condition of eggs, viable (inmature, mature), dead ans empty, was recorded. The cure rates, both clinical and entomological, obtained were 91,5 percent for shampoo and 95.2 percent for lotion. No adverse reactions with the 2 formulations used were reported. In conclusion, 1 percent permethrin shampoo or lotion is an effective and safe treatment for pediculosis capitis