RESUMEN
Objective To analyze the determinants of emergency contraception non-use among women in unplanned and ambivalent pregnancies. Method Cross-sectional study with a probabilistic sample of 366 pregnant women from 12 primary health care units in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. A multinomial logistic regression was performed, comparing three groups: women who used emergency contraception to prevent ongoing pregnancies (reference); women who made no use of emergency contraception, but used other contraceptive methods; and women who made no use of any contraceptive methods at all. Results Cohabitation with a partner was the common determinant of emergency contraception non-use. No pregnancy risk awareness, ambivalent pregnancies and no previous use of emergency contraception also contributed to emergency contraception non-use. Conclusion Apart from what is pointed out in the literature, knowledge of emergency contraception and the fertile period were not associated to its use. .
Objetivo Analizar los determinantes del no uso de la anticoncepción de emergencia entre las mujeres con embarazo no planeado o ambivalente. Método Estudio transversal en una muestra probabilística de 366 mujeres embarazadas de 12 Unidades Básicas de Salud de São Paulo. Mediante regresión logística multinomial, se comparó tres grupos de mujeres: aquellas que usaron la anticoncepción de emergencia para prevenir el embarazo en curso (referencia), aquellas que usaron algún método anticonceptivo, pero no la anticoncepción de emergência; y aquellas que no usaron ningún método. Resultados Los hallazgos mostraron que vivir com la pareja fue el determinante común del no uso de la anticoncepción de emergencia. No tener conciencia del riesgo de embarazo, estar en un embarazo ambivalente y nunca tener utilizado la anticoncepción de emergencia también fueron associados con su no uso para prevenir el embarazo en curso. Conclusión Contrariamente a lo que reporta la literatura, el conocimiento de la anticoncepción de emergencia y el período fértil no mostró asociación con el no uso. .
Objetivo Analisar os determinantes do não uso da anticoncepção de emergência entre mulheres com gravidez não planejada ou ambivalente. Método Estudo transversal com amostra probabilística de 366 gestantes de 12 Unidades Básicas de Saúde da cidade de São Paulo. Por meio de regressão logística multinomial, compararam-se três grupos de mulheres: as que usaram anticoncepção de emergência para prevenir a gravidez em curso (referência); as que usaram algum método contraceptivo, mas não anticoncepção de emergência; e as que não usaram nenhum método. Resultados Os achados mostraram que morar com o parceiro foi o determinante comum do não uso da anticoncepção de emergência. Não ter consciência do risco de engravidar, estar em uma gravidez ambivalente e nunca ter usado anticoncepção de emergência também foram associados ao seu não uso para prevenir a gravidez em curso. Conclusão Diferentemente do que relata a literatura, o conhecimento sobre anticoncepção de emergência e sobre o período fértil não mostrou qualquer associação ao não uso. .
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Unión al ADN , Escherichia coli/genética , Mapeo de Interacción de Proteínas/métodos , Técnicas del Sistema de Dos Híbridos , Bacteriófago lambda/genética , ADN Bacteriano/genética , ARN Polimerasas Dirigidas por ADN/biosíntesis , ARN Polimerasas Dirigidas por ADN/genética , ARN Polimerasas Dirigidas por ADN/fisiología , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/biosíntesis , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/genética , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/fisiología , Escherichia coli/enzimología , Genes Reporteros/genética , Fosforilación , Plásmidos/biosíntesis , Plásmidos/genética , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas/genética , ARN Bacteriano/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/biosíntesis , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/fisiología , Proteínas Represoras/biosíntesis , Proteínas Represoras/genética , Proteínas Represoras/fisiología , Transcripción Genética/genética , Transcripción Genética/fisiología , Proteínas Virales/biosíntesis , Proteínas Virales/genética , Proteínas Virales/fisiología , Proteínas Reguladoras y Accesorias Virales , beta-Galactosidasa/biosíntesis , beta-Lactamasas/biosíntesisRESUMEN
Human T cell Lymphotropic Virus type I is responsible for Adult T cell Leukemia/Lymphoma and HTLV-I associated myelopathy. The aim of this study was constructing two reporter plasmids to enable us to evaluate the effects of HTLV-I Tax protein upon intra cellular signalling pathways which recruit CREB and NFkB proteins. A complete coding region of bacterial betagalactosidase gene was subcloned into pUC18, followed by inserting a poly adenylation signal downstream to it. Promoter regions of HTLV-I long terminal repeat and Interlukin 2 receptor alpha [which were stimulated by CREB and NFkB respectively] were amplified by PCR and separately inserted upstream to betagalactosidase gene, leading to construction of two reporter plasmids. The effect of cotransfection of a Tax expressing plasmid with each of these plasmids was evaluated by X-gal staining, beta galactosidase ELISA or beta galactosidase activity assay with CPRG substrate. Results clearly showed that both reporter plasmids responded well to stimulation of their promoters by Tax and the produced beta galactosidase could successfully be detected by all three methods. Results of ELISA and assay tests for betagalactosidase showed a high correlation [r=0.949]. Both reporter plasmids constructed in this study are able to produce considerably more betagalactosidase after stimulation by HTLV-I Tax. Advantages and disadvantages of three evaluating method for detection of betagalactosidase are studied and discussed
Asunto(s)
beta-Galactosidasa , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Plásmidos/biosíntesisRESUMEN
To construct a recombinant plasmid Pet23a-M, the gene encoding severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus membrane protein was amplified by RT-PCR and cloned into the expression plasmid Pet23a. Results of restriction endonuclease analysis, PCR detection and DNA sequencing analysis revealed that the cloned DNA sequence was the same as that reported. The recombinants were transformed into Escherichia coli (E. Coli) BL21 (DE3) and induced by Isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). The expression of 27 kD (1 kD=0.992 1 ku) protein was detected by SDS-PAGE and pured by metal chelated chromatography. Results of Western-blot showed that this expressed protein could react with antibodies in sera of SARS patients during convalescence. This provided the basis for the further study on SARS virus vaccine and diagnostic agents.
Asunto(s)
Clonación Molecular , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Proteínas de la Membrana/biosíntesis , Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Proteínas de la Membrana/aislamiento & purificación , Plásmidos/biosíntesis , Plásmidos/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/biosíntesis , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/aislamiento & purificación , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Coronavirus Relacionado al Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Severo/química , Coronavirus Relacionado al Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Severo/genética , Vacunas Virales/biosíntesisRESUMEN
Seven isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei from cases of melioidosis in human (2 isolates) and animal (2 isolates), cat (one isolate) and from soil samples (2 isolates) were examined for in vitro sensitivity to 14 antimicrobial agents and for presence of plasmid DNA. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used to type the isolates, using two arbitrary primers. All isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol, kanamycin, carbenicillin, rifampicin, enrofloxacin, tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. No plasmid was detected in all the isolates tested. RADP fingerprinting demonstrated genomic relationship between isolates, which provides an effective method to study the epidemiology of the isolates examined.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Burkholderia pseudomallei/efectos de los fármacos , Gatos , Niño , Dermatoglifia del ADN , Genotipo , Cabras , Humanos , Malasia/epidemiología , Melioidosis/epidemiología , Fenotipo , Plásmidos/biosíntesis , Microbiología del SueloRESUMEN
Bacillus thuringiensis 4Q1-WT and the prepared mutants, 4Q1-72 and 4Q1-81, were bioassayed against Aedes caspius larvae. The strain-4Q1-WT, which contains all plasmid arrays and the strain 4Q1-72 which contains the 108 kb plasmid gave 100% mortality, while stain 4Q1-81, which contains no plasmids, gave 0% mortality. Crystals from all tested strains were isolated, solubilized and characterized using PAGE to detect any homology or difference in crystal production, properties, and the relatedness to the plasmid profile