Quirúrgico de plagiocefalia anterior: reporte de caso / Surgical management of anterior plagiocephaly: case report / Tratamento cirúrgico da plagiocefalia anterior: relato de caso

Craniosynostosis is the premature, abnormal, and non-physiological fusion of one or more cranial sutures. Its etiology can be multifactorial and genetic factors, bone abnormalities or environmental factors may be involved. Among the different types of craniosynostosis we can find anterior plagiocephaly, which generally corresponds to a non-syndromic craniosynostosis and which can affect the patient in a physiological and aesthetic way. Hemi-coronal sutures are affected in this condition. The treatment will depend on each case, although many times it is usually the surgical choice in order to prevent functional deterioration and improve the facial and cranial appearance... (AU)

La craneosinostosis es la fusión prematura, anormal y no fisiológica de una o más suturas craneales. Su etiología puede ser multifactorial y pueden estar involucrados factores genéticos, anormalidades propias del hueso o factores ambientales. Dentro de los diferentes tipos de craneosinostosis podemos encontrar a la plagiocefalia anterior, que corresponde generalmente a una craneosinostosis no sindrómica y que cual puede afectar de manera fisiológica y estética al paciente. Las suturas hemi-coronales se ven afectadas en dicha condición. El tratamiento dependerá de cada caso, aunque muchas de las veces suele ser de elección quirúrgica con el fin de prevenir el deterioro funcional y mejorar el aspecto facial y craneal... (AU)

Craniossinostose é a fusão prematura, anormal e não fisiológica de uma ou mais suturas cranianas. Sua etiologia pode ser multifatorial e fatores genéticos, anormalidades ósseas ou fatores ambientais podem estar envolvidos. Entre os diferentes tipos de craniossinostose podemos encontrar a plagiocefalia anterior, que geralmente corresponde a uma craniossinostose não sindrômica e que pode afetar o paciente de forma fisiológica e estética. Suturas hemicoronais são afetadas nessa condição. O tratamento dependerá de cada caso, embora muitas vezes seja a escolha cirúrgica para prevenir deterioração funcional e melhorar o aspecto facial e cranial... (AU)

Craneosinostosis y deformidades posicionales del cráneo: revisión crítica acerca del manejo / Craniosynostosis and cranial positional deformities: a critical review on its management

RESUMEN OBJETIVO: Revisar la fisiopatología de las craneosinostosis y las deformidades posicionales del cráneo y analizar los tipos de tratamiento, especialmente las ortesis de moldeamiento craneal. MÉTODOS: Revisión de la literatura de estudios observacionales, ensayos clínicos y de revisión en la base de datos PubMed desde 1980 a 2018 y manual de los artículos no referenciados. Se utilizaron las palabras clave: craniosynostosis, plagiocephaly, nonsynostotic, skull, cranial, asociadas a: surgical treatment, pathophysiology, cognition, orthotic devices, head protective devices. El título y el resumen fueron analizados antes de solicitar el artículo completo. En el caso de que fueran ambiguos, se analizaron los artículos en su totalidad para determinar su pertinencia. RESULTADOS: El tratamiento de las craneosinostosis es quirúrgico, mediante reconstrucción craneal, pero existe controversia respecto al manejo de deformidades posicionales: cambios de posición supervisados u ortesis de moldeamiento craneal. Aunque la corrección del defecto estético es recomendación principal de las ortesis, se discute la influencia que puede haber sobre el desarrollo cognitivo y motor, trastornos visuales, hipertensión endocraneana y defectos ortognáticos. No existen diferencias con el manejo de cambios de posición supervisada en la modificación del índice craneal. Algunos pacientes mejoran espontáneamente cuando adquieren el sostén cefálico y empiezan a incorporarse. Existen además complicaciones con las ortesis que pueden llegar a ser serias. CONCLUSIÓN: No se recomienda la utilización de medidas restrictivas como las ortesis de moldeamiento craneal para el tratamiento de estos pacientes con deformidades posicionales craneanas. La cirugía reconstructiva es el manejo de elección para las craneosinostosis.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: to review the pathophysiology of craniosynostosis and positional deformities of the skull, and analyze the types of treatment, especially cranial orthoses. METHODS: Review of the literature on observational studies, clinical trials and reviews in the PubMed database from 1980 to 2018 and manual search of non-referenced articles. The following keywords were used: craniosynostosis, plagiocephaly, nonsynostotic, skull, cranial, associated with: surgical treatment, pathophysio-logy, cognition, orthotic devices, head protective devices. We analyzed the title and abstract before requesting the full article. If they were ambiguous, we analyzed the whole article to determine its relevance. RESULTS: Treatment of craniosynostosis is surgical by cranial reconstruction. On the other hand, there is controversy over supervised position changes and use of cranial orthosis to manage positional deformities. Although correcting the esthetic defect is the main purpose of orthoses, their potential influence on cognitive and motor development, visual disorders, endocranial hypertension and orthognathic defects is discussed. There are no differences between conservative management with changes of supervised position and orthoses, in the modification of the cranial index. In addition, some patients improve spontaneously when they acquire cephalic support and begin to incorporate. On the other hand, there are complications with orthoses that can become serious. CONCLUSION: There is no recommendation for the use of restrictive measures such as cranial orthotics devices to treat patients with cranial positional deformities. reconstructive surgery is the treatment of choice for craniosynostosis.

Volumetric lipoinjection of the fronto-orbital and temporal complex with adipose stem cells for the aesthetic restoration of sequelae of craniosynostosis

BACKGROUND: Non-syndromic craniosynostosis causes craniofacial asymmetry and may persist after cranioplasty. These postoperative asymmetries are primarily depressions. In some cases, patients may be subjected to pranks and harassment by their peers, affecting their psychosocial development. We propose lipoinjection enriched with adipose stem cells (ASCs) to treat the sequelae of craniosynostosis in the fronto-orbital and temporal complex in cranioplasty patients, with the goal of improving the appearance of the upper third of the face. METHODS: Twelve children (four boys and eight girls) between 4 and 8 years of age (mean age, 6 years) in the postoperative period after treatment for plagiocephaly, brachycephaly, and trigonocephaly were included, with a follow-up period of 1 to 18 months. Fat tissue was obtained from the lower abdomen, and ASCs were isolated using the Yoshimura technique. Lipoinjection was performed using several mini-approaches to ensure adequate distribution. RESULTS: Two different scales were used to evaluate the aesthetic outcomes. At 6 months, three plastic surgeons independent of the study classified the results using a Likert scale. The patients’ parents categorized the results using a visual analog scale at 6, 9, and 18 months. R esults were favorable on both scales, as the patients’ facial appearance improved and they reported increased happiness and self-esteem due to their remodeled facial appearance. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that lipoinjection enriched with ASCs is a good alternative for correcting asymmetry of the fronto-orbital and temporal contour in patients with sequelae of craniosynostosis. This treatment will help boost patients’ self-esteem starting at an early age.

Parents' Perspectives and Clinical Effectiveness of Cranial-Molding Orthoses in Infants With Plagiocephaly

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effectiveness of and parents’ perspectives on cranial-molding orthotic treatment. METHODS: Medical charts were reviewed for 82 infants treated for plagiocephaly with cranial-molding orthoses in our clinic from April 2012 to July 2016 retrospectively. Infants who were clinically diagnosed with positional plagiocephaly and had a Cranial Vault Asymmetry Index (CVAI) of more than 3.5% were included. Pre- and post-treatment CVAI was obtained by three-dimensional head-surface laser scan. Parents’ perceptions of good outcome (satisfaction) were evaluated with the Goal Attainment Scale (GAS). The GAS score assessed how much the parent felt that his or her initial goal for correcting the skull asymmetry was achieved after the treatment. RESULTS: The compliance with cranial-molding orthoses was 90.2% (74 of 82 infants). There were 53 infants (65% of the 82 infants) who had adverse events with the cranial-molding orthoses during the study. Heat rash was found in 29 cases (35.4%) and was the most common adverse event. The mean GAS T-score was 51.9±10.2. A GAS T-score of 0 or more was identified for 71.6% of parents. The GAS T-score was significantly related to the age (p < 0.001), the initial CVAI, and the difference of CVAI during the treatment (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Parents’ perception of good outcome was correlated with the anthropometric improvement in cranialmolding orthotic treatment in infants with plagiocephaly. A high percentage of parents felt that the treatment met their initial goals in spite of a high occurrence of adverse events.

A clinical analysis of 101 infants with plagiocephaly / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the possible causes of plagiocephaly in infants and the therapeutic effect of postural correction training on plagiocephaly.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 101 infants who were diagnosed with plagiocephaly were enrolled. According to the age at diagnosis, these infants were divided into 1-4 month group (31 infants), 5-8 month group (40 infants), and 9-12 month group (30 infants). The possible causes of plagiocephaly were analyzed in three groups. The cranial vault asymmetry index (CVAI) before and after postural correction training was compared in three groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 101 infants, 89 (88.1%) had a sleeping posture in the supine position, and there was no significant difference in the percentage of infants with such posture between the three groups. Compared with the 5-8 month group and the 9-12 month group, the 1-4 month group had significantly higher rate of preterm birth, incidence rate of adverse perinatal factors, and incidence rate of congenital muscular torticollis. The three groups showed a significant decrease in CVAI 3 months after postural correction training (P<0.001). Compared with the 5-8 month group and the 9-12 month group, the 1-4 month group had a significantly greater change in CVAI after postural correction training (P<0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The sleeping posture in the supine position may be associated with the development of plagiocephaly. Adverse perinatal factors, preterm birth, and congenital muscular torticollis as possible causes of plagiocephaly are commonly seen in early infancy. Postural correction training has a significant effect in improving plagiocephaly, especially in early infancy.</p>

Hip Screening in Infants Presenting with Asymmetricity of Lower Extremity / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the clinical features of congenital postural deformities and lower extremity asymmetry with respect to the presence of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in infants with a discrepancy of the limb length referred for suspected DDH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and radiographs of 150 infants who visited Korea University Anam Hospital Orthopedic Clinic for suspected DDH between March 2013 and March 2015. RESULTS: There were greater numbers of infants with a shorter lower extremity on the left side (n=86, 57.3%) than the right. Plagiocephaly was present in 62 infants and trunk curvature in 124 infants (82.7%). Pelvic tilting—indirectly assessed by a skewed direction of the external genitalia in female infants—was present in 62 infants (63.3%). None of the 139 infants with normal physical examination of the hip were diagnosed with DDH. Of those 11 infants with abnormal findings from the hip physical examination, a total of 6 infants were diagnosed with DDH. CONCLUSION: Regardless of the associated findings of congenital postural deformation, all infants diagnosed with DDH had abnormal findings from the physical examination of the hip joint. Thus, we conclude that the hip examination is important as the primary clinical screening in aiding the diagnosis of DDH.

Aesthetic Correction of Severe Facial Asymmetry in a Deformational Plagiocephaly Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review

Deformational plagiocephaly (DP) (also referred to as positional plagiocephaly) has long posed challenges for plastic surgeons because it is difficult to differentiate from several other diseases, such as unilateral coronal synostosis, hemifacial microsomia, and unilateral lambdoidal craniosynostosis. These diseases can actually masquerade as DP or vice versa. Only in recent years has the differential diagnosis among these diseases become possible through improved imaging modalities, such as computed tomography, and a greater understanding of their pathophysiology. Herein, we report a rather rare, yet severe, form of DP that can easily be confused with the aforementioned diseases.

Cranioplasty with Methylmethacrylate in Plagiocephaly

No abstract available.

Congenital Muscular Torticollis Concurrent With Sagittal Synostosis: A Case Report

Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) and craniosynostosis are diseases that cause plagiocephaly and craniofacial asymmetry in children. In our literature review, we did not find any report of concurrent manifestation of CMT and craniosynostosis. A 41-month-old boy visited our hospital with left torticollis, right laterocollis, and craniofacial asymmetry as the main findings. During clinical examination, prominent right sternocleidomastoid muscle and limited range of motion of the neck were noted, and right CMT was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging of the neck. Three-dimensional computed tomography of the skull, which was conducted due to the unusual appearance of the skull with a large head circumference, mild brachycephaly, as well as left plagiocephaly, revealed premature closure of the sagittal suture. Thus, we report the first case that showed concurrence of CMT and sagittal synostosis. We recommend that concurrently manifested craniosynostosis needs to be examined if the subject with CMT displays unusual craniofacial asymmetry to a greater extent than deformational plagiocephaly.

A New Ultrasound Method for Assessment of Head Shape Change in Infants With Plagiocephaly

OBJECTIVE: To compare a new ultrasound measurement method with calliper cephalometry in infants with deformational plagiocephaly (DP) and to assess the differences of two methods according to the severity of DP. METHODS: Fifty-two infants with DP were divided into two groups according to the degree of cranial vault asymmetry (CVA); group 1 included 42 infants with CVA over 10 mm, and group 2 included 10 infants with CVA under 10 mm. Cranial vault asymmetry index (CVAI) and occipital angle ratio (OAR) were measured by using calliper and ultrasound measurements, respectively. The occipital angle was defined as the angle between the lines projected along the lambdoid sutures of the skull. RESULTS: The occipital angles of the affected sides were significantly greater than those of unaffected sides in both groups. The CVAI and OAR were significantly greater in group 1 than in group 2 (CVAI, 9.3%+/-2.3% vs. 4.6%+/-1.5%; OAR, 1.05+/-0.4 vs. 1.01+/-0.0; p<0.05). The OAR was positively correlated with the CVAI in all infants (r=0.789) and in group 1 (r=0.784; p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study revealed that OAR using the new ultrasound measurement was positively correlated with the CVAI in infants with DP. Therefore, the occipital angle measurement using ultrasound combined with cephalometry could provide better understanding about the characteristics of the overall cranial bone and lambdoid suture complex in infants with DP.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Deformational Plagiocephaly

It is important to distinguish deformational plagiocephaly from craniosynostosis, the two conditions are different with respect to clinical progression and treatment options. Deformational plagiocephaly is diagnosed based on the patient's medical history and physical examination. Until recently, there has been no standardized method of evaluation. Visual assessment, anthropometric assessment, digital scanning, and radiologic evaluation are mostly commonly used modalities for diagnosis and assessment. Treatment of deformational plagiocephaly requires an understanding of natural progression of the disease. Deformational plagiocephaly should be classified according to its severity before the proper method and time for treatment are determined. Treatment includes repositioning, physiotherapy and remodeling with the use of orthotic devices. In general, repositioning is preferred for patients younger than six months old while treatment with the use of orthotic devices such as helmet is preferred for patients over six months old. Moreover, treatment with the use of orthotic devices is also favored for severe plagiocephaly. There is continuing research on the relation between deformational plagiocephaly and developmental delay.

Craniosynostosis Occurring between Siblings

Craniosynostosis is a congenital anomaly in which cranial sutures close prematurely and restrict skull growth. In this paper, the case of two siblings, a male and a female, who were both diagnosed as craniosynostosis is reported. They underwent corrective osteotomy for cranial vault remodeling. A 22-month-old female infant who was brought to the department of plastic and reconstructive surgery of the authors' hospital was diagnosed with plagiocephaly. At the same time, her 7-month-old brother was diagnosed with brachycephaly. In the case of the female infant, corrective coronal osteotomy and supraorbital bar advancement were performed. Her brother underwent frontal advancement osteotomy using Tessier's tongue in the groove procedure. After the correction of the craniosynostosis, the two patients recovered in several days later, and the results were good in both cases cosmetically and functionally. They showed normal head circumference increasing curves and no symptom of functional disorder in their last follow-up. Isolated or nonsyndromic craniosynostosis is sporadic but mostly autosomal dominant. This paper presents a case of craniosynostosis with a genetic tendency; and although it occurred between siblings, the affected lesions differed. Thus, appropriate diagnosis and management in patients are needed.

A Korean Patient with Kniest Syndrome associated with Lipomeningomyelocele

Kniest syndrome (OMIM #156550) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by a dysfunction of type II collagen, which is encoded by the COL2A1 gene (OMIM +120140) mapped to chromosome 12q13.11. Type II collagen, a molecule found mostly in the cartilage and vitreous tissues, is essential for the normal development of bones and other connective tissues. Kniest syndrome is a type II collagenopathy that presents as skeletal abnormality associated with disproportionate dwarfism, kyphoscoliosis, enlarged joints, visual loss, hearing loss, and cleft palate. This report describes a Korean patient with Kniest syndrome who was diagnosed with typical clinical features and radiologic findings. The patient presented with disproportionately short stature and kyphoscoliosis from birth. A skeletal survey revealed fused lamina in the thoracic spine, hemivertebrae, flexion deformities in multiple joints, and plagiocephaly.

A Korean Patient with Kniest Syndrome associated with Lipomeningomyelocele

Kniest syndrome (OMIM #156550) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by a dysfunction of type II collagen, which is encoded by the COL2A1 gene (OMIM +120140) mapped to chromosome 12q13.11. Type II collagen, a molecule found mostly in the cartilage and vitreous tissues, is essential for the normal development of bones and other connective tissues. Kniest syndrome is a type II collagenopathy that presents as skeletal abnormality associated with disproportionate dwarfism, kyphoscoliosis, enlarged joints, visual loss, hearing loss, and cleft palate. This report describes a Korean patient with Kniest syndrome who was diagnosed with typical clinical features and radiologic findings. The patient presented with disproportionately short stature and kyphoscoliosis from birth. A skeletal survey revealed fused lamina in the thoracic spine, hemivertebrae, flexion deformities in multiple joints, and plagiocephaly.

The plastic surgery for plagiocephaly / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To sum up three types of plastic procedures for frontal plagiocephaly Based on the principle of floating forehead, the plagiocephaly (unilateral coronal synostosis).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>was corrected and orbito-frontal reconstruction was performed by orbito-frontal advancement, 'or temporoparietal osteotomy, or fronto-parietal osteotomy. The absorbable plates and microscrews composed of From January 2008 to polylactide polymers, were used to immobilize calvarial segments.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>December 2010, 9 cases of plagiocephaly were treated with satisfactory result and no severe complication. The patients were followed up for 1-2 years with no recurrence of suture fusion and deformity. The brain development was not restricted. The absorbable plates were applied to avoid the metal fixation moving into The three types of plastic procedures, orbito-frontal advancement, or the cranial bone.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>temporo-parietal osteotomy, or fronto-parietal osteotomy, can correct the plagiocephaly with satisfactory orbito-frontal appearance. Long-term follow-up is needed to observe the long-term effect of the orbito-frontal reconstructive operation on mental and calvarial development as well as visual function.</p>

Plagiocephaly resulted from frontosphenoidal synostosis and squamosal suture synostosis: a report of five cases / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the diagnosis and mapagement of plagiocephaly resulted from For frontosphenoidal synostosis, frontosphenoidal synostosis and squamosal suture synostosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>orthotic nolding therapy should be selected for patients under 3-month-old. If it can' t make effect after treatment for 3 months, transcranial surgery should be adopted with the horizontal advancement of orbitofrontal bar at the affected side. Patients with squamosal suture synostosis should receive prohotic molding From 2005 to 2012, five patients were therapy for six month, remolding the cap every month.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>treated with satisfactory result, including 3 patients with frontosphenoidal synostosis who received surgery and 2 patiens with squamosal suture synostosis who receive orthotic molding therapy only.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Few patients with plagiocephaly are caused by frontosphenoidal synostosis and squamosal suture synostosis. The orthotic molding therapy should be selected at an early time, but mostly, surgery may be needed for</p>

Craniosynostosis genetics: The mystery unfolds.

Craniosynsostosis syndromes exhibit considerable phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. Sagittal synostosis is common form of isolated craniosynostosis. The sutures involved, the shape of the skull and associated malformations give a clue to the specific diagnosis. Crouzon syndrome is one of the most common of the craniosynostosis syndromes. Apert syndrome accounts for 4.5% of all craniosynostoses and is one of the most serious of these syndromes. Most syndromic craniosynostosis require multidisciplinary management. The following review provides a brief appraisal of the various genes involved in craniosynostosis syndromes, and an approach to diagnosis and genetic counseling.

A Simple Evaluation Method Using a "Sun-Wukong's Headband" Wire for Positional Plagiocephaly Correction after Cranial Remodeling Helmet Therapy

PURPOSE: A cranioremodeling helmet for correcting plagiocephaly was recently developed. However, no discrete objective methods to evaluate how the deformity is being corrected have been developed. We have established an easy and cost-effective method that can be used not only to show the correction process, but can also be used by physicians to assess the degree of plagiocephaly two-dimensionally. METHODS: For two-dimensional evaluation, a length of malleable memory wire (2 mm in diameter) resembling "Sun-Wukong's headband" was placed on the patient's head. The wire around the patient's head was positioned on a plane including points 1 cm above the eyebrow and 1 cm above the auricle. The wire was placed on a sheet of paper and the outline was marked using pens of various colors during each visit. The degree of plagiocephaly correction could then be shown to the patient's parents at every consultation. RESULTS: The method established by the present study easily shows the horizontal cross-section transformation of the head, illustrates plagiocephaly correction by the helmet, and shows the degree of correction in a two-dimensional manner. CONCLUSION: A soft-shell helmet is widely used for correcting plagiocephaly. However, evaluating the effectiveness of the helmet has been determined in a subjective manner, and a more objective method is now in demanded. Our study found that a "Sun-Wukong's headband" wire can accurately measure two-dimensional changes. Future studies will be required to identify landmarks needed for assessing plagiocephaly correction.

Equipo cubano interdisciplinario de cirugía craneofacial en pediatría: Resultados de un quinquenio / Interdisciplinary Cuban staff of craniofacial surgery in Pediatrics: Results from a five-year period

Las deformidades craneofaciales se deben en su mayoría a alteraciones del crecimiento y desarrollo, traumatismos y neoplasias. Con el objetivo de describir el tratamiento quirúrgico integral de estas, se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en 46 pacientes tratados por el Equipo Intertidisciplinario de Cirugía Craneofacial del Hospital Pediátrico Universitario Juan M. Márquez en el periodo comprendido entre mayo de 2003 a marzo de 2007. La deformidad más frecuente fue la craneosinostosis (57 por ciento), específicamente la plagiocefalia (17 por ciento). La mayoría de los pacientes fueron de piel blanca (70 por ciento) y se intervinieron entre el 1ro.y 7mo.años de vida (57 por ciento), con una media de 6,3 años. En general no hubo predilección por sexo. Se emplearon 18 diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas. Se presentaron cinco complicaciones durante el posoperatorio (11 por ciento), una defunción (2,2 por ciento), una oftalmoplejía (2,2 por ciento), dos salidas de líquido cefalorraquídeo (4,4 por ciento) y una desaturación por depresión del centro respiratorio (2,2 por ciento). Excepto la oftalmoplejía hubo resolución de las complicaciones en un intervalo de 15 días. Los resultados reportados por este equipo, único de su tipo en el país, son relevantes al compararlos con la literatura internacional

Most of the craniofacial deformities are due to alterations of growth, development, traumata and neoplasms. To describe the integral surgical treatment of above deformities, a cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted in 46 patients treated by the interdisciplinary staff of craniofacial surgery from the Juan Manuel Márquez University Children Hospital from May, 2003 to March, 2007. The more frequent deformity was the craniosynostosis (57 percent), specifically the plagiocephaly (17 percent). Most of patients were of white race (70 percent) and were operated don between the first and the seventh year of life (57 percent) for a mean of 6,3 years. Generally there wasn't sex predominance. A total of 18 different surgical techniques were used. There were 5 complications during the postoperative period (11 percent), a decease (2.2 percent), a ophthalmoplegia (2.2 percent), two cerebrospinal fluid leakage (4.4 percent) and a desaturation by depression of respiratory center (2.2 percent). With the exception of ophthalmoplegia there was a resolution of complications in a 15 days interval. Results reported by this unique Cuban staff are outstanding compared with international literature

Factors Affecting Rehabilitation Outcome of Congenital Muscular Torticollis

OBJECTIVE: To explore the factors affecting rehabilitation outcome of congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) patients and suggest the onset time, method and the duration of the rehabilitation treatment. METHOD: 112 patients diagnosed as CMT were enrolled and we reviewed the patients' charts and radiologic findings, retrospectively. We reviewed the sex, gestational age, birth weight, mode of delivery, age at diagnosis, mass thickness, ratio of mass thickness, mass site, plagiocephaly, clavicle fracture, the frequency of rehabilitation treatment. RESULTS: The patients with a plagiocephaly or a clavicle fracture had been needed significantly longer rehabilitation and ratio of mass thickness and rehabilitative duration had a positive linear relationship and diagnostic time and the duration of rehabilitative treatment showed a positive correlation. However, rehabilitation frequency did not equate to a shorter rehabilitation period and mass site did not correlate with the duration of rehabilitation treatment. Also, the group treated with manipulation with additional ultrasound treatment showed no significant difference to the group treated with only manipulation. In this study, 2 patients received surgical treatment, which was SCM tenotomy of the affected side in conjunction with rehabilitation therapy. CONCLUSION: This study showed that plagiocephaly, clavicle fracture, mass ratio, and diagnosis time are clinically significant in determining rehabilitative treatment. So, it is imperative to make a timely diagnosis and objectively evaluate the tilting of the head and neck, as well as checking the mass ratio and identifying the presence of clavicle fractures.