Polineuropatía desmielinizante inflamatoria crónica en paciente diabética con sífilis / Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy in a diabetic patient with syphilis

La polineuropatía desmielinizante inflamatoria crónica (PDIC) se presenta generalmente con síntomas motores, debilidad tanto en los músculos proximales como en los distales con reflejos globalmente disminuidos o ausentes. La neuritis insulínica es un trastorno caracterizado por dolor agudo de las extremidades, y daño de los nervios periféricos con afectación predominante de las fibras pequeñas, en los pacientes diabéticos sometidos a un rápido control glucémico. El dolor es raro en la PDIC clásica. Describimos el caso de una mujer de 54 años con diabetes mellitus (DB) tipo II, en tratamiento reciente con insulina, que consultó por un cuadro de debilidad e hiperalgesia de los cuatro miembros de dos meses de evolución. Al examen físico presentaba dolor de intensidad 10/10 y alodinia en los cuatro miembros, a niveles proximal y distal, con fuerza muscular reducida de los músculos proximales y arreflexia patelar y aquilea bilateral. Se realizó un estudio electrofisiológico, el cual mostró una polineuropatía sensitiva y motora desmielinizante. Se indicó tratamiento con inmunoglobina humana recombinante, con total remisión del cuadro. Estudios realizados posteriormente demostraron positividad débil de los anticuerpos GM1, GD1a, GD1b y anti-asialo GM1. Previo al alta hospitalaria se recibieron los resultados de VDRL sérica positiva, y FTA-Abs. VDRL en líquido cefalorraquídeo fue negativa por lo que se descartó neurosífilis, indicándose tratamiento con penicilina benzatínica.

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a disorder characterized by motor symptoms such as weakness in both proximal and distal muscles with globally diminished or absent reflexes. Insulin neuritis is referred as an acute pain in the extremities, due to the damage of peripheral nerves affecting mainly small fibers, in diabetic patients treated with insulin who achieved rapid glycemic control. Pain is unusual in classic CIDP. We report the case of a 54-year-old female patient with type II diabetes mellitus, and a recent onset of insulin therapy, who presented at the emergency room with a 2-month history of weakness and hyperalgesia of extremities. Physical examination showed marked pain and proximal and distal allodynia in the 4 limbs, with reduced muscle strength of the proximal muscles and patellar and achillear areflexia. Electrophysiological study showed sensory and motor polyneuropathy with a demyelinating predominance. Treatment with recombinant human immunoglobin was started, and the patient presented a total remission of the condition. Complementary studies confirmed weak serum positivity of GM1, GD1a, GD1b and anti-asialo GM1. Prior to hospital discharge, results of positive serum VDRL and FTA-Abs were received. VDRL in cerebrospinal fluid was negative, so neurosyphilis was ruled out, and treatment with benzathine penicillin was indicated.

Polineuropatia desmielinizante inflamatória crônica pós-tratamento com interferon peguilado alfa 2b em um paciente co-infectado HIV/HCV: relato de caso / Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy after treatment with pegylated interferon alpha 2b in a patient with HIV/HCV coinfection: case report

A polineuropatia desmielinizante inflamatória cônica possui forte associação com a infecção pelo HIV e HCV. Uma rara associação entre PDIC e o tratamento da hepatite C com interferon peguilado alfa foi descrita recentemente. Nós descrevemos o primeiro caso de polineuropatia desmielinizante inflamatória crônica em um paciente branco, sexo masculino infectado por HIV e HCV associado a interferon peguilado alfa 2b. O paciente recuperou-se completamente após o uso de imunoglobulina hiperimune endovenosa. Infectologistas e hapatologistas devem estar atentos à esta rara e grave associação, que exige imediata descontinuação da droga e tratamento precoce.

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy has a strong association with HIV and HCV infection. A rare association between chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and hepatitis C treatment with pegylated interferon alpha was described recently. We described the first case of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy associated with pegylated interferon alpha 2b in a white man infected with HIV and HCV. The patient recovered completely with the use of intravenous hyperimmune immunoglobulin. Infectologists and hepatologists should be alert regarding this rare and serious association, which requires immediately drug discontinuation and early treatment.