Componente curricular projeto de vida: perspectivas de professoras da rede estadual de São Paulo / Curricular component life purpose: perspectives of teachers of the São Paulo state network / Componente curricular proyecto de vida: perspectivas de profesores de la red estadual de São Paulo

O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer a experiência de alguns professores ao lecionar projeto de vida durante a implementação do componente curricular Projeto de Vida no estado de São Paulo. Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, de caráter exploratório. Participaram do estudo sete professoras que lecionavam o componente curricular Projeto de Vida em duas escolas públicas, de uma cidade do interior do estado de São Paulo, escolhidas por conveniência. Foram utilizados o Questionário de Dados Sociodemográficos e o Protocolo de Entrevista Semiestruturada para Projeto de Vida de Professores, elaborados para este estudo. As professoras foram entrevistadas individualmente, on-line, e as entrevistas foram gravadas em áudio e vídeo. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise temática. Os resultados indicaram possibilidades e desafios em relação à implementação do componente curricular Projeto de Vida. Constatou- se que a maioria das docentes afirmou que escolheu esse componente curricular devido à necessidade de atingir a carga horária exigida na rede estadual. As professoras criticaram a proposta, os conteúdos e os materiais desse componente curricular. As críticas apresentadas pelas professoras estão em consonância com aquelas presentes na literatura em relação à reforma do Ensino Médio e ao Inova Educação. Esses resultados sugerem a necessidade de formação tanto nos cursos de licenciatura quanto em ações de formação continuada, para que os professores se sintam mais seguros e preparados para lecionar o componente curricular Projeto de Vida na Educação Básica. Propõe-se uma perspectiva de formação pautada na reflexão e na troca entre os pares para a construção de um projeto coletivo da escola para o componente Projeto de Vida.(AU)

This study aimed to know the experience of some teachers when teaching life purpose during the implementation of the curricular component "Life Purpose" (Projeto de Vida) in the state of São Paulo. A qualitative, exploratory research was carried out. Seven teachers who taught the curricular component "Life Purpose" (Projeto de Vida) in two public schools in a city in the inland state of São Paulo, chosen for convenience, participated in the study. The Sociodemographic Data Questionnaire and the Semi-structured Interview Protocol for Teachers' Life Purposes, developed for this study, were used. The teachers were interviewed individually, online, and the interviews were recorded in audio and video. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results indicated possibilities and challenges regarding the implementation of the Life Purpose curricular component. It was found that most teachers chose this curricular component due to the need to reach the required workload in the state network. The teachers criticized the proposal, the contents and the materials of this curricular component. Teacher's critics are in line with the criticisms present in the literature regarding the reform of High School and Inova Educação. Therefore, training is essential, both in undergraduate courses and in continuing education actions, so that teachers can teach the curricular component Life Purpose in Basic Education. A training perspective based on reflection and exchange between peers is proposed for the construction of a collective school project for the Life Purpose component.(AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la experiencia de algunos profesores al enseñar proyecto de vida durante la implementación del componente curricular Proyecto de Vida en el estado de São Paulo. Se realizó una investigación cualitativa, exploratoria. Participaron en el estudio siete profesores que impartían el componente curricular Proyecto de Vida en dos escuelas públicas en un municipio del estado de São Paulo, elegidos por conveniencia. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos y el protocolo de entrevista semiestructurada para proyectos de vida de profesores, desarrollados para este estudio. Las entrevistas a los profesores fueron en línea, de manera individual, y fueron grabadas en audio y video. Los datos se sometieron a un análisis temático. Los resultados indicaron posibilidades y desafíos en relación a la implementación del componente curricular Proyecto de Vida. La mayoría de los profesores declararon elegir este componente curricular por la necesidad de alcanzar la carga horaria requerida en la red estatal. Los profesionales criticaron la propuesta, los contenidos y los materiales de este componente curricular. Las críticas presentadas están en línea con las críticas presentes en la literatura respecto a la reforma de la educación básica e Inova Educação. Por lo tanto, la formación es fundamental, tanto en los cursos de grado como en las acciones de educación permanente, para que los profesores puedan impartir el componente curricular Proyecto de Vida en la educación básica. Se propone una formación basada en la reflexión y el intercambio entre pares para la construcción de un proyecto escolar colectivo en el componente Proyecto de Vida.(AU)

A disciplina psicologia do esporte nos cursos de psicologia e educação física / Sports psychology in psychology and physical education courses / La materia psicología del deporte en los cursos de psicología y educación física

Este discute a representatividade da disciplina Psicologia do Esporte nos cursos de Psicologia e Educação Física em instituições de ensino superior reconhecidas pelo MEC e situadas na região Sul do país. Foi realizado um estudo documental, com base nos currículos das Instituições. Os resultados revelaram que no Sul do Brasil 21,02% dos cursos de Psicologia, 41,96% dos cursos de bacharelado em Educação Física e apenas 14,83% dos cursos de licenciatura em Educação Física apresentam a disciplina Psicologia do Esporte em sua grade curricular. Observou-se que a disciplina é ofertada mais frequentemente em regime obrigatório nos cursos de bacharelado em Educação Física. Nos cursos de Psicologia, quando ofertada, costuma ser optativa. Os resultados evidenciam uma maior oferta da disciplina para os estudantes de Educação Física, em relação aos de Psicologia, o que pode estar relacionado ao próprio contexto de surgimento da disciplina e sua popularização no meio acadêmico. Para que esse panorama possa mudar e se possa oferecer uma formação adequada no curso de Psicologia para fomentar essa opção de carreira, há necessidade de se repensar o currículo e o próprio perfil do egresso, de forma a dar mais oportunidade aos estudantes para que conheçam as bases teóricas e os campos de aplicação da Psicologia do Esporte. Tal lacuna pode acarretar a fragilização da disseminação desse conhecimento aos estudantes de graduação e a consequente ocupação do mercado de trabalho.(AU)

This study discusses the representativeness of Sports Psychology in Psychology and Physical Education courses at higher education institutions from Southern Brazil. A documentary study was conducted based on the institutions' curricula. Results show that 21.02% of the Psychology major, 41.96% of the bachelor's in Physical Education, and only 14.83% of the license in Physical Education offer Sports Psychology in their curricula. Sports Psychology is most often offered as a compulsory subject in the bachelor's program in Physical Education, whereas Psychology courses offer it mainly as an elective. Physical Education students have greater contact with the discipline when compared with Psychology students, which may be explained by its context of development and popularization in the academic environment. To change this scenario and offer adequate education in the Psychology programs to foster this career option, institutions must rethink their curriculum and the graduate profile itself. This would give students better opportunity to get to know its theoretical bases and fields of application. Such a gap can hinder the dissemination of this knowledge to undergraduate students and the consequent labor market occupation.(AU)

El objetivo de este estudio es discutir la representatividad de la materia Psicología del Deporte en los cursos de Psicología y Educación Física en instituciones de educación superior de la región Sur de Brasil, reconocidas por el Ministerio de Educación (MEC). Se realizó un estudio documental, basado en los planes de estudio de las instituciones. Los resultados revelaron que, en el Sur de Brasil, el 21,02% de los cursos de Psicología, el 41,96% de los cursos de licenciatura en Educación Física y sólo el 14,83% de los cursos de profesorado en Educación tienen la materia Psicología del Deporte en sus planes de estudio. Se observó que la materia Psicología del Deporte se ofrece con mayor frecuencia como asignatura obligatoria en los cursos de licenciatura en Educación Física. Cuando se ofrece en los cursos de Psicología, es una materia optativa. Los resultados muestran una mayor oferta para los estudiantes de Educación Física en comparación con Psicología, lo que puede estar relacionado con el contexto del surgimiento de la Psicología del Deporte como materia y su popularización en el ámbito académico. Para que este escenario cambie y sea posible ofrecer una formación adecuada en el curso de Psicología con el fin de fomentar esta opción de carrera, es necesario repensar el plan de estudios y el perfil del egresado, así los estudiantes tendrán más oportunidades de conocer sus bases teóricas y sus campos de actuación. Tal brecha puede debilitar la difusión de este conocimiento a los estudiantes de grado y la consecuente ocupación en el mercado laboral.(AU)

Sistema de avaliação de testes psicológicos: histórias contadas e não contadas / Psychological test evaluation system: stories told and untold / Sistema de evaluación de tests psicológicos: historias contadas y no contadas

O Sistema de Avaliação de Testes Psicológicos (SATEPSI) recebeu notoriedade entre brasileiros e estrangeiros por oferecer um complexo sistema de qualificação dos testes psicológicos, pouco visto em âmbito mundial. Sua elaboração dependeu de uma autarquia, que o financiou, normatizou e o mantém, mas também de pesquisadores docentes de avaliação psicológica, que trouxeram a expertise da área para que houvesse o pleno estabelecimento de seus parâmetros. Passadas duas décadas de seu lançamento, o SATEPSI foi tema de artigos, capítulos, lives e diálogos digitais, nos quais foram destaque, de modo geral, as Resoluções do Conselho Federal de Psicologia, que o normatiza, e seus impactos para a área de avaliação psicológica - como, por exemplo, o aumento do número de pesquisas e de testes brasileiros qualificados. O que se pretende neste artigo é mencionar sua construção, à luz dos autores que vivenciaram o SATEPSI em funções e tempos distintos. Atenção especial será dada aos Métodos Projetivos, cuja história ainda é pouco revelada.(AU)

The system to evaluate psychological tests (Satepsi) received notoriety among Brazilians and foreigners for offering a complex system of qualification of psychological tests, which is rarely seen worldwide. Its development depended on an autarchy (which financed, standardized, and maintains it) and on researchers teaching psychological assessment, who brought their expertise to the area so its parameters could be fully established. After two decades of its launch, Satepsi was the subject of articles, chapters, lives, and digital dialogues, which usually highlighted the Resolutions of the Federal Council of Psychology that normatize psychological evaluation and their impacts, such as the increase in the number of qualified Brazilian tests. This study aims to mention its construction in the light of the authors who experienced Satepsi in different functions and times, giving special attention to Projective Methods, whose history remains to be shown.(AU)

El Sistema de Evaluación de Tests Psicológicos (SATEPSI) ganó notoriedad entre los brasileños y los extranjeros por ofrecer un complejo sistema de calificación de los tests psicológicos, poco frecuente a nivel mundial. Su elaboración dependió de una autarquía, que lo financió, lo estandarizó y lo mantiene, pero también de investigadores docentes de evaluación psicológica, que trajeron la experiencia del área para que hubiera el pleno establecimiento de sus parámetros. Tras dos décadas de su lanzamiento, SATEPSI fue tema de artículos, capítulos, en directo y diálogos digitales, en los cuales destacaron, de modo general, las Resoluciones del Consejo Federal de Psicología que lo normatiza y sus impactos para el área de evaluación psicológica, como el aumento del número de investigaciones y de pruebas brasileñas calificadas. Lo que se pretende en este artículo es mencionar su construcción, a la luz de los autores que vivieron el SATEPSI en funciones y tiempos distintos. Se prestará especial atención a los métodos proyectivos cuya historia aún no se ha revelado.(AU)

Procedimiento de autoevaluación de la calidad del pregrado de Genética Médica / A quality self-evaluation procedure for undergraduate of Medical Genetics

RESUMEN Fundamento: Las universidades inciden directamente en el desarrollo socioeconómico de las naciones. Para cumplir este reto, necesitan gestionar su calidad, y así apoyar a la formación de profesionales competentes, que se adapten a los dinámicos entornos laborales. Objetivo: Implementar un procedimiento de autoevaluación de la calidad del proceso docente-educativo, en el pregrado de Genética Médica, para contribuir a la mejora de su desempeño. Metodología: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva, en la asignatura Genética Médica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas "Salvador Allende", curso 2018-2019. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos, el histórico-lógico y el inductivo-deductivo. Se empleó la observación, la revisión de documentos, las encuestas, las entrevistas y la tormenta de ideas. Se propuso un procedimiento estructurado en las etapas del ciclo de Deming. Resultados: Se diagnosticó el desempeño del proceso, obteniéndose un 63 % de cumplimiento. Se ejecutó un análisis causa-efecto. Se confeccionó un programa de mejora de la calidad. Conclusiones: Se diseñó un procedimiento para autoevaluar la calidad del pregrado de Genética Médica; su aplicación posibilitó la elaboración de un programa, con acciones encaminadas a mitigar las causas de los problemas analizados, y así coadyuvar a la mejora del desempeño del proceso.

ABSTRACT Background: Universities directly influence on the socioeconomic development of nations. To reach this goal, they need to manage their quality, thus support the training of competent professionals, who adapt to dynamic work environments. Objective: To implement a quality self-assessment program of the educational teaching process, in the undergraduate of Medical Genetics, to contribute to their performance´s improvement. Methodology: A descriptive investigation was conducted in the Medical Genetics subject, at the Faculty of Medical Sciences "Salvador Allende", 2018-2019 academic course. Theoretical, logical historical and inductive deductive methods were used. Observation, document review, surveys, interviews, and brainstorming were also used. A structured program was suggested in the stages of the Deming cycle. Results: The process´s performance was diagnosed, obtaining 63 % compliance. A cause-effect analysis was done. A quality improvement program was developed. Conclusions: A quality self-assessment program was designed in the undergraduate degree in Medical Genetics; Its application made possible the development of some actions aimed at mitigating the causes of the considered problems, thus contributing to the improvement of the process´s performance.

Intervalo de confianza para el porcentaje poblacional de profesores con categoría docente Asistente / Confidence interval for the percent of teaching population with category of Teaching Assistant

RESUMEN En el proceso de autoevaluación de las carreras de Estomatología y Medicina para su acreditación en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas en Cuba, dentro de la variable profesores se señala como una debilidad de los claustros docentes, el no predominio de las categorías principales titular y auxiliar, con un grupo de profesores mayoritariamente en la categoría de asistente, lo que motivó que se realizara la estimación de un intervalo de confianza para el verdadero valor del porcentaje de profesores con categoría asistente en el claustro de la Universidad con el objetivo de opinar basado en un método sólido y sencillo el rango de valores donde posiblemente se encuentre el valor real, utilizando las fórmulas del intervalo estándar y el de Wilson (AU).

SUMMARY The non-predominance of the main categories of Main Professor and Lecturer, with a group of professors mostly in the category of Assistant was pointed out in the variable Teachers, as weakness of the faculties in the auto evaluation process of Stomatology and Medicine undergraduate studies for their accreditation in the University of Medical Sciences of Matanzas in Cuba; it motivated the estimation of a confidence interval for the true value of the percent of teachers with category of Assistant in the University staff with the aim of holding a position based on a solid and simple method, on the rank of values where possibly is the real value, using the standard and Wilson´s interval formula (AU).

Guía metodológica para la autoevaluación de la calidad institucional en una Facultad de Enfermería / Methodological Guidelines for Institutional Quality Self-Assessment in a Nursing School

Introducción: Las instituciones de educación superior que forman recursos humanos para la salud, se esfuerzan por perfeccionar los perfiles de egreso en armonía con las necesidades de la población. Mientras, se incrementan los cuestionamientos a la calidad académica, como producto de las relaciones de poder entre el mercado y el estado. La Facultad de Enfermería es el único centro estatal responsable de la formación de grado y posgrado. Disponer de una tecnología para la autoevaluación de la calidad institucional, podría impactar en la mejora de las funciones universitarias y en la misión social. Objetivos: Diseñar una guía metodológica para implementar el proceso de autoevaluación de la calidad institucional y validar la misma, para desarrollar un proceso sistemático y confiable. Métodos: Consistió en un proyecto de desarrollo tecnológico. El diseño preliminar fue ajustado en función de la consulta a expertos y las mediciones de los coeficientes de Alfa de Cronbach y correlación de Pearson. Se implementó una prueba de autoevaluación mediante la técnica de informantes clave. Resultados: La opinión de los expertos fue favorable para la totalidad de los contenidos. Las pruebas estadísticas demostraron un alto índice de consistencia interna y confiabilidad. El diseño obtenido, integró las pautas universitarias establecidas y las particularidades del servicio. Las recomendaciones se orientaron a mejorar la información disponible y formalizar una metodología participativa. Conclusiones: El diseño de la guía fue validado y permitió un autoconocimiento de la calidad institucional con mayor rigurosidad científica. Se identificaron limitaciones en la fase de intercambio entre los evaluadores(AU)

Introduction: Higher education institutions that train human resources in health strive to improve graduation profiles in harmony with the population needs. Meanwhile, the questioning increases for academic quality, as a product of power relations between the market and the state. The School of Nursing is the only state-run center responsible for undergraduate and postgraduate training. Having a technology for the self-evaluation of institutional quality could have an impact on the improvement of the functions and social mission of the university. Objectives: To design methodological guidelines for implementing the process of self-assessment of institutional quality and to validate it, in order to develop a systematic and reliable process. Methods: This consisted in a technological development project. The preliminary design was adjusted based on expert consultation and measurements of the Cronbach's Alpha coefficients and Pearson's correlation. A self-assessment test was implemented using the key informant technique. Results: The opinion of the experts was favorable for all the contents. The statistical tests showed a high index of internal consistency and reliability. The design obtained integrated the established university guidelines and the service particularities. The recommendations were aimed at improving the available information and at formalizing a participatory methodology. Conclusions: The design of the guidelines was validated and allowed a self-knowledge about institutional quality with greater scientific rigor. Limitations were identified in the exchange phase between the evaluators(AU)

La autoeficacia docente: un reto en el accionar del profesor universitario de las ciencias médicas / Teacher self-efficacy: a challenge in the actions of the university professor of medical sciences

Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica con el objetivo de indagar sobre la autoeficacia docente y su influencia en la calidad de la docencia universitaria. Se describe la evolución histórica del concepto enunciado por Bandura (1999) a partir de la Teoría Social Cognitiva de Rotter, que constituye un aporte para la comprensión de la adaptación y cambio humano; su desarrollo teórico-metodológico la ha posicionado como válida y confiable para explicar cómo sus componentes (mecanismos, fuentes y procesos) se encuentran mediados por la autoeficacia. Niveles de autoeficacia positivos o negativos marcan profundas consecuencias en el desempeño personal y/o profesional; es un reto para la academia motivar al claustro de profesores para asumir este concepto como factor determinante en su accionar sistemático en aras de incrementar la calidad del proceso docente educativo.

A bibliographic review was carried out with the objective of researching about the teaching self-efficacy and its influence on the quality of university teaching. The historical evolution of the concept enunciated by Bandura (1999) is described from the Social Cognitive Theory of Rotter, which constitutes a contribution for the understanding of adaptation and human change; Its theoretical-methodological development has positioned it as valid and reliable to explain how its components (mechanisms, sources and processes) are mediated by self-efficacy. Levels of positive or negative self-efficacy have profound consequences on personal and / or professional performance; it is a challenge for the academy to motivate the teaching staff to assume this concept as a determining factor in their systematic action in order to increase the quality of the teaching-learning process.

Estigmatización a pacientes con VIH por profesionales de la salud en la era antirretroviral / Stigmatization of HIV patients from the part of health professionals in the antiretroviral era

Introducción: la artrosis de rodilla puede llegar a ser una patología muy invalidante por sus síntomas, caracterizados por dolor, inseguridad y pérdida funcional. Es una patología degenerativa que ha aumentado su prevalencia en las últimas décadas, muy ligada al envejecimiento poblacional. Objetivo: validar la técnica de la ostectomía del peroné en el genu varo doloroso como nueva opción de tratamiento. Materiales y Métodos: se realizó un estudio, prospectivo y lineal en el Hospital Militar "Dr. Mario Muñoz Monroy" de Matanzas, desde abril del 2016 hasta agosto del 2017. Se aplicó la nueva técnica del Dr. Ying­Ze Zhang, del Departamento de Cirugía Ortopédica del Tercer Hospital de la Universidad Médica de Hebei en Shijiazhuang, China. En la actualidad ya existe una casuística de 75 pacientes, con 84 rodillas operadas de los cuales se presentan los resultados de los primeros 11 pacientes, posterior al año de operado. Resultados: el promedio de edad fue de 64,3 años, (45 años el menor y 84 años el mayor); de los cuales 8 eran hombres y 3 mujeres. Se aplicó la escala visual analógica para el dolor pre y post-operatorio en cuanto a la marcha y al subir escalones; estando todos los pacientes al caminar, por encima de 6 y al subir escaleras por encima de 7. Después de un año de operados 10 pacientes se encontraban evaluados al caminar entre 0 y 3 puntos, y al subir escalones 9 en igual puntuación; 1 en 5, y solamente 1 paciente mantuvo igual puntuación antes de operarse. Valorando estas puntuaciones se evaluaron 9 pacientes de bien, 2 de regular, y se presentaron 3 complicaciones. Conclusiones: al año de seguimiento ocurre gran mejoría del dolor, mejorando la seguridad del paciente durante la marcha (AU).

Introduction: the fibular osteoarthritis could be a very invalidating disease due to its symptoms, characterized by pain, insecurity and functional loss. It is a degenerative disease whose prevalence has increased during the last decades, tightly linked to population ageing. Objective: to validate the technique of fibular ostectomy in the painful genu varum as a new treatment option. Materials and Methods: a prospective, lineal study was carried out in the Military Hospital "Dr. Mario Muñoz Monroy", of Matanzas, from April 2016 to August 2017. It was used the new technique of Dr. Ying-Ze Zhang, from the Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University in Shijiazhuang, China. Currently there is a series of cases of 75 patients, with 84 operated knees; the results of the first 11 operated patients, are presented here after a year of the surgery. Results: the average age was 64.3 years, 45 years the youngest and 84 years the eldest; from them, 8 were men and 3 women. The analogical visual scale for the pre and post-surgical pain was applied during the gait and when going upstairs. During the gait all the patients were above 6, and when climbing upstairs above 7. After a year from the operation 10 patients got an evaluation between 0 and 3 points during the gait, and 9 got the same score when climbing steps; one got 5, and only 1 patient kept the same score than before the operation. Taking into account these scores, 9 patients were evaluated as good, 2 regular, and there were 3 complications. Conclusions: after a one-year follow-up, the pain greatly improves, improving patients' security during the gait (AU).

Relación entre desarrollo de los programas para la gestión del uso de antimicrobianos, apropiabilidad y consumo de antibióticos en hospitales de Argentina / Relationship between the antimicrobial stewardship program development, appropriateness and antimicrobial consumption in Argentinean hospitals

Introducción: La implementación de Programas para la Optimización de Uso de Antimicrobianos (PROAs) ha resultado una estrategia útil para mejorar los resultados asistenciales, de manera segura y costo-efectiva, reduciendo el desarrollo de la resistencia a los antimicrobianos.Objetivo: Estimar la relación entre nivel de desarrollo de los PROAs, apropia-bilidad y consumo de antimicrobianos en hospitales ArgentinosMaterial y métodos: Entre Jul-2016 y Ene-2017, 111 hospitales condujeron una autoevaluación del nivel de desarrollo de sus PROAs usando un instrumen-to basado en los lineamientos del CDC (0 a 100 puntos), además de un cor-te de prevalencia para evaluar la apropiabilidad de las prescripciones de an-timicrobianos y su consumo mensual [Dosis Diarias Definidas (DDD) c/100 días-paciente]. Para la comparación de estos indicadores, los centros fueron dicotomizados tomando como punto de corte el percentilo 75 (p75) de la au-toevaluación.Resultados: La comparación entre hospitales con puntaje ≥p75 vs.

Objective: To assess the association between the level of AMS programs development, appropriateness and antimicrobial consumption in Argentinean hospitalsMaterial and methods: Between Jul-2016 and Jan-2017, 111 hospitals performed a self-assessment survey of their AMS programs using a standardized tool based on CDC recommendations (0­100 scale). In addition, the appropriateness of antimicrobial prescription was measured through one-day prevalence study using specific criteria. The monthly consumption of a group of antimicrobials was calculated using Defined Daily Doses (DDD) per 100 patient-days. To assess the relationship between the level of AMS programs development and the appropriateness and antimicrobial consumption indicators, participating centers were grouped into two categories by using the 75th percentile (75thp) of the self-assessment scoreResults: Comparison between hospitals with score ≥75thp vs <75thp showed significant differences in all indicators analyzed (self-assessment score: 51.6 vs 25.4; diff. 26.2; 95%CI 30.3 to 22.0, p<0.000; surgical prophylaxis: ≤ 24 hs 64.8% vs 52.3%; diff. 12.5%; 95%CI 5.1% to 20.0%, p<0.002; compliance with guidelines: 77.6% vs 47.0%; diff. 30.6%; 95%CI 28.1% to 33.0%, p<0.000; prospective audit with feedback: 69.4% vs 46.8%; diff. 22.6%; 95%CI 20.0% to 25.2%, p<0.000; antimicrobial consumption: 114.8 DDDs vs 259.2 DDDs; diff.­144.4; 95%CI ­140.6 to ­148.2, p<0.000)Conclusions: Hospitals with higher self-assessment score showed better appropriateness and consumption antimicrobial indicators, reinforcing the relevance of an effective implementation of AMS programs

Guía de ejercicios interactivos para autoevaluación de estudiantes de Enfermería en práctica preprofesional / Set of interactive exercises for the self-assessment of Nursing students in the pre-professional practice

Introducción: la práctica preprofesional ocupa el último curso de la Licenciatura en Enfermería. Contribuye a la educación y entrenamiento final del futuro egresado, lo que permite el desarrollo de habilidades relacionadas con la práctica de enfermería. Objetivo: elaborar una guía de ejercicios interactivos que propicie la autoevaluación de los estudiantes de enfermería que se encuentran en la práctica preprofesional. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de innovación tecnológica en la Facultad Tecnológica, de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey, entre marzo y mayo de 2015. Para el diagnóstico se emplearon la entrevista estructurada y el análisis documental. Fueron utilizados además, la lluvia de ideas y el criterio de especialistas. El producto se elaboró a partir del programa Mediator. Resultados: el diagnóstico mostró un conjunto de deficiencias en la formación profesional de los estudiantes universitarios. Para contribuir a su erradicación se diseñó una guía de ejercicios sustentada en los objetivos del programa. La guía se elaboró a partir del programa Mediator, lo que permitió confeccionar un medio de enseñanza que propicia la autoevaluación. El criterio valorativo de los especialistas fue positivo. Estos reconocen el enfoque metodológico y didáctico del producto y emitieron sugerencias que serán tomadas en cuenta perfeccionar la propuesta. Conclusiones: la multimedia elaborada proporciona a los estudiantes un aprendizaje y autoevaluación continuos, con un enfoque metodológico y didáctico útiles para reforzar el aprendizaje teórico y práctico de la disciplina Enfermería(AU)

Introduction: The pre-profesional practice is the last course of the Nursing major. It contributes to the forthcoming graduates' education and final training, which allows the development of skills related to the nursing practice. Objective: To elaborate a set of interactive exercises that facilitates the self-assessment of the Nursing students who are in their pre-professional practice. Methods: A study of technological innovation was carried out at the University of Medical Sciences of Camagüey Technological School from March to May 2015. The structured interview and documentary analysis were used for the diagnosis. Brainstorming and the specialists' criteria were also used. The product was elaborated using the Mediator program. Results: The diagnosis showed a group of deficiencies in the professional training of university students. In order to contribute to its eradication, a set of exercises was designed based on the program's objectives. The set was developed using the program Mediator, which made it possible to create a teaching environment that encourages self-assessment. The specialists' criterion on value was positive. They recognized the product's methodological and didactic approach, and delivered suggestions that will be taken into account to perfect the proposal. Conclusions: The multimedia developed provides students with continuous learning and self-assessment, with a methodological and didactic approach useful to reinforce the theoretical and practical learning of the Nursing discipline(AU)

Applying the RE-AIM conceptual framework for the promotion of physical activity in low- and middle-income countries / Aplicando o modelo RE-AIM para a promoção da atividade física em países de baixa e média renda / Aplicando el marco conceptual RE-AIM para la promoción de la actividad física en países de ingreso bajo y médio

ABSTRACT Objective: the RE-AIM framework has been widely used to evaluate internal and external validity of interventions aimed to promote physical activity, helping to provide comprehensive evaluation of the reach, efficacy, adoption, implementation and maintenance of research and programming. Despite this progress, the RE-AIM framework has not been used widely in Latin America. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe the RE-AIM framework, the process and materials developed for a one-day workshop in Guadalajara, and the acceptability and satisfaction of participants that attended the workshop. Methods: lecture, interactive examples and an agenda were developed for a one-day RE-AIM workshop over a three month period. Results: thirty two health care practitioners (M age = 30.6, SD=9.9 years) attended the workshop. Most (100%) rated the workshop as credible, useful (100%) and intended to apply it in current or future research (95%). Conclusion: results suggest intuitive appeal of the RE-AIM framework, and provide a strategy for introducing the utility and practical application of the framework in practice settings in Mexico and Latin America.

RESUMO Objetivo: o modelo RE-AIM tem sido amplamente utilizado para avaliar a validade interna e externa de intervenções que objetivam promover atividade física, auxiliando a fornecer uma avaliação abrangente do alcance, eficácia, adoção, implementação e manutenção de pesquisas e programas. Apesar deste progresso, o modelo RE-AIM não tem sido amplamente utilizado na América Latina. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever o modelo RE-AIM, o processo e os materiais desenvolvidos para uma oficina de um dia de duração em Guadalajara e a aceitabilidade e satisfação dos participantes que compareceram na oficina. Métodos: durante o período de três meses, palestras e exercícios interativos foram desenvolvidos para uma oficina de um dia sobre o modelo RE-AIM. Resultados: trinta e dois profissionais de saúde (Média de idade=30,6±9,9 anos) participaram da oficina. A maioria dos participantes classificou a oficina como credível (100%), útil (100%) e pretende aplicar o que foi aprendido em investigações atuais ou futuras (95%). Conclusão: os resultados sugerem que o modelo RE-AIM é um recurso intuitivo e fornecem uma estratégia para a apresentação da utilidade e aplicação prática do modelo em cenários práticos no México e na América Latina.

RESUMEN Objetivo: el marco RE-AIM ha sido ampliamente utilizado para evaluar la validez interna y externa de intervenciones destinadas a promover la actividad física, ayudando a proporcionar una evaluación exhaustiva de la cobertura, eficacia/efectividad, adopción, implementación y mantenimiento de programas sobre actividad física. A pesar de este progreso, el marco RE-AIM no se ha utilizado ampliamente en América Latina. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar el marco conceptual RE-AIM, describir el proceso y los materiales desarrollados para un taller en Guadalajara; y reportar la aceptabilidad y satisfacción de los participantes que acudieron al taller. Métodos: durante un período de tres meses, se desarrolló un taller sobre el marco RE-AIM. El taller duró un día e incluyó una conferencia y ejercicios interactivos. Resultados: treinta y dos profesionales de la salud (edad media = 30.6 [±9.9 años]) participaron en el taller. La mayoría calificó el taller como creíble, útil (100%) y manifestó la intención de aplicar lo aprendido en investigaciones actuales o futuras (95%). Conclusión: los resultados sugieren que el marco RE-AIM es intuitivamente atractivo y que el curso es una estrategia adecuada para introducir la utilidad y aplicación práctica del marco en espacios de práctica en América Latina.

Structured Assessment to Evaluate a Family Medicine Clerkship Program / 의학교육논단

This study was conducted to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of a 3-week family medicine clerkship program based on the results of an online survey taken by the students (N=127) and a structured interview with a focus group (n=10), aimed to improve the quality of the clerkship program. The online survey contained questions pertaining to goals, schedule, contents, arrangement, atmosphere, environment, evaluation, and satisfaction regarding the clerkship. The focus group interview addressed the schedule and achievements of the program. Scores were reported on a 5-point Likert scale. Most students were highly satisfied with the overall quality of the clerkship. The structured interview results showed that 97.6% of the clerkship program was executed according to the schedule. The focus group reported a perfect score of 5 points on several measures including: accomplishment of the educational goals of the family medicine clerkship, providing many chances to obtain medical histories and perform physical examinations on real patients, experience with various symptoms and diseases, positive attitudes of faculty members when teaching, notification of the guidelines for evaluation beforehand, well-constructed and effective clerkship schedule, and reflection of student feedback. However, the focus group gave low scores on: support for health accidents of students, access to patient information, enough opportunities to practice clinical skills, appropriate rest facilities for students, and fairness of clerkship evaluation process. In conclusion, the structured evaluation performed after the 3-week clerkship program motivated students and helped them ensure an efficient clerkship. This structured evaluation also suggested basic data to make the professor who is subject of the assessment. This study shows that structured assessment is an effective method which can be used to improve the quality of clerkships.

Identifying weaknesses in undergraduate programs within the context input process product model framework in view of faculty and library staff in 2014 / 한국의학교육

PURPOSE: Objective of this research is to find out weaknesses of undergraduate programs in terms of personnel and financial, organizational management and facilities in view of faculty and library staff, and determining factors that may facilitate program quality-improvement. METHODS: This is a descriptive analytical survey research and from purpose aspect is an application evaluation study that undergraduate groups of selected faculties (Public Health, Nursing and Midwifery, Allied Medical Sciences and Rehabilitation) at Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) have been surveyed using context input process product model in 2014. Statistical population were consist of three subgroups including department head (n=10), faculty members (n=61), and library staff (n=10) with total population of 81 people. Data collected through three researcher-made questionnaires which were based on Likert scale. The data were then analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: Results showed desirable and relatively desirable situation for factors in context, input, process, and product fields except for factors of administration and financial; and research and educational spaces and equipment which were in undesirable situation. CONCLUSION: Based on results, researcher highlighted weaknesses in the undergraduate programs of TUMS in terms of research and educational spaces and facilities, educational curriculum, administration and financial; and recommended some steps in terms of financial, organizational management and communication with graduates in order to improve the quality of this system.

El proceso de autoevaluación en las instituciones universitarias pedagógicas: Una estrategia para su mejora / The self- evaluation process in the pedagogical university institutionsA strategy for its improvement

Fundamento: La calidad de los servicios educacionales constituye uno de los retos que enfrenta hoy la Educación Superior en Cuba, razón por la que la autoevaluación institucional es un instrumento esencial para la mejora de los procesos universitarios. Objetivo: Diseñar e implementar una estrategia de mejora para certificar la calidad en la Universidad de Ciencias Pedagógicas de Sancti Spíritus. Metodología: Se utilizó la investigación acción, que se corresponde con un enfoque metodológico predominantemente cualitativo. Resultados: Se aplicó una estrategia de mejora centrada en una visión integradora de los procesos sustantivos y contextualizados a las características de esta institución universitaria; las acciones se dirigieron a elevar la cultura de la calidad de los agentes participantes y aproximar los procesos universitarios a los estándares establecidos. Se minimizaron las debilidades y se aprovecharon las fortalezas en función del perfeccionamiento de los procesos sustantivos de la universidad. Conclusiones: La implementación de la propuesta en la Universidad Pedagógica contribuyó a alcanzar la categoría de acreditación de Institución Calificad.

Background: The quality of the educational services constitutes one of the challenges that face today the high education level in Cuba, a reason for which the institutional self-evaluation is an essential instrument to improve the university process. Objective: To design and implement a strategy of improving the registered quality in the science pedagogical university from Sancti Spiritus. Methodology: The action research was used in correspondence with a methodological approach mainly in quality. Results: An improving strategy was applied in an integrated vision of the contextualized and substantive processes to the characteristic of this university institution, the actions were gather to increase the agents and to approximate the university processes to the established standards. Were minimized the weakness in function of the improvement of the substantives processes of the university. Conclusions: The implementation of the proposal in the university contributed to enrich the accreditation category in the registered institution.

Competência de estudo para uma amostra universitária da área de exatas / Competency in study for a sample of the math and science area in the university / Competencia de estudio para una muestra universitaria del área de exactas

Este estudo avaliou a percepção de 126 universitários sobre a utilização de estratégias de autorregulação de estudo. Os estudantes eram da área de exatas de uma faculdade isolada particular mineira, com idade entre 17 e 48 anos, e 81% deles eram do sexo masculino. Utilizou-se a Escala de Competência em Estudo (ECE-C&T) para avaliar a percepção dos estudantes acerca de comportamentos estratégicos de planejamento, de monitoramento e de autoavaliação. Os alunos indicaram que a autorregulação de sua aprendizagem e as estratégias de planejamento de estudo são as mais utilizadas. As mulheres utilizaram mais estratégias de planejamento que os homens e não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os cursos de exatas nem entre diferentes grupos de idade. Assim se conclui que, embora os alunos apresentem estratégias autorregulatórias, essas estão voltadas mais frequentemente para o planejamento do estudo, o que revela a necessidade de maior utilização de estratégias de monitoramento e autoavaliação para um estudo competente.

This study evaluated the perception of 126 students on the use of self-regulation strategies study. The students were the exact area of ​​a particular isolated college in Minas Gerais, aged 17 to 48 years, and 81% were male. We used the study of Competence Scale (ECE-S & T) to assess the perceptions of students about strategic behavior of planning, monitoring and self-evaluation. Students indicated that self-regulation of their learning and study planning strategies are the most used. Women used more planning strategies than men and there was no statistically significant difference between the exact course or between different age groups. Thus concludes that although students present self-regulatory strategies, these are most often directed to the planning of the study, which reveals the need for greater use of self-assessment and monitoring strategies for a competent study.

Este estudio evaluó la percepción de 126 universitarios sobre la utilización de estrategias de autorregulación de estudio. Los estudiantes eran del área de exactas de una facultad aislada particular minera, con edad entre 17 y 48 años, y el 81% de ellos eran del sexo masculino. Se utilizó la Escala de Competencia en Estudio (ECE-C&T) para evaluar la percepción de los estudiantes acerca de comportamientos estratégicos de planificación, demonitoreo y de autoevaluación. Los alumnos indicaron que la autorregulación de su aprendizaje y las estrategias de planificación de estudio son las más utilizadas. Las mujeres utilizaron más estrategias de planificación que los hombres y no hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los cursos de exactas ni entre diferentes grupos de edad. Así se concluye que, aunquelos alumnos presentenestrategias de autorregulación, esas están volcadas con más frecuencia a la planificación del estudio, lo que revela la necesidad de más utilización de estrategias demonitoreoy autoevaluación para un estudio de calidad.

Peer assessment of small-group presentations by medical students and its implications / 한국의학교육

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships among medical students' assessments on peers' group presentations, instructors' assessments of those presentations, and students' educational achievements in other assignments and tests. METHODS: A total of 101 first-year students from a medical school participated in the study. The students' educational achievements in a 4-week long integrated curriculum were analyzed. Student's final grades were comprised of the following education criteria: two written tests (60%), 15 group reports (25%), one individual report (7%), and four group presentations (15%). We compared scores of the group presentation assessed by the peers and the two instructors. Furthermore, we compared peers' assessment scores with each component of the evaluation criteria. RESULTS: Pearson correlation analysis showed significant correlaton for the assessments between peers and instructors (r=0.775, p<0.001). Peer assessment scores also correlated significantly with scores for the group assignments (r=0.777, p<0.001), final grades on the curriculum (r=0.345, p<0.001), and scores for individual assignments (r=0.334, p<0.001); however, no significant correlation was observed between the peer-assessed group presentation scores and the two written test scores. CONCLUSION: Peer assessments may be a reliable and valid method for evaluating medical students' performances in an integrated curriculum, especially if the assessments are used to academic processes, such as presentations, with explicit evaluation and judgment criteria. Peer assessments on group presentations might assess different learning domains compared to written tests that primarily evaluate limited medical knowledge and clinical reasoning.

Contribution of the Activities Diary to the pediatric teaching / Contribucion del Diario de Actividades a la ensenanza de Pediatria / Contribuicao do Diario de Atividades ao ensino de Pediatria

OBJECTIVE To describe the fifth-year medical students' self-evaluation based on the reflexive discourse of the Activities Diaries (portfolio) from the Pediatric Internship I and Child Care Rotations. METHODS Cross sectional, qualitative and descriptive study using the collective subject discourse of the diaries used during the internship of the Medical School, in Catanduva, São Paulo, from January to November, 2011. The registered students' testimonials in the portfolio sections called self-assessment and students' impression were assessed according to their central ideas (discipline organization, breastfeeding outpatient clinic, number of admissions in the pediatric hospital ward and satisfaction with the Child Health training ), related to the teaching of Pediatrics and Child Care. The portfolios with incomplete registers were excluded. RESULTS The testimonials of 47 interns (75% of the students) were analyzed, and 21.3% of them expressed satisfaction with the discipline organization and 27.7% praised the inclusion of the breastfeeding outpatient clinics in the course. For 25.5% of the academics, the number of admissions in the pediatric wards was insufficient for an ideal learning; however, 70.2% were satisfied with the Child Health training. CONCLUSIONS This critical analysis allowed a summary of the reflections, suggestions and critics registered by the interns and can be used as a tool for improvement of the professional cycle. .

OBJETIVO Describir la autoevaluación de estudiantes del quinto año de Medicina, a partir del discurso reflexivo de los Diarios de Actividades (cartera) del internato de Pediatría I y Cuidado del Niño. MÉTODOS Estudio transversal, cualitativo de tipo descriptivo, por medio del discurso del sujeto colectivo de los Diarios de Actividades utilizados por la coordinación de internato del referido curso, ubicado en Catanduva, São Paulo (Brasil), de enero a noviembre de 2011. Se incluyeron en el estudio todos los testimonios de los alumnos, registrados en los apartados de la cartera, nombrados autoevaluación e impresión del alumno, los que contienen las ideas centrales (organización de la asignatura, ambulatorio de lactancia materna, número de internaciones en las enfermerías pediátricas y satisfacción con la pasantía en Salud del Niño) relacionadas a la enseñanza de Pediatría y Cuidado del Niño. Se excluyeron los diarios con registros incompletos. RESULTADOS Se analizaron los testigos de 47 internos del quinto año (75% de los alumnos), siendo que el 21,3% manifestaron satisfacción respecto a la organización de la asignatura y el 27,7% elogiaron la inclusión del Ambulatorio de Lactancia Materna en la carrera. Para el 25,5% de los académicos, el número de internaciones en las enfermerías de Pediatría fue insuficiente para un aprendizaje ideal; sin embargo, el 70,2% resultaron satisfechos con la pasantía en Salud del Niño. CONCLUSIONES Este análisis crítico permitió una tabulación de las reflexiones, sugerencias y críticas registradas por los internos en el Diario de Actividades y se puede utilizarlo como instrumento para perfeccionamiento del ciclo profesionalizante. .

OBJETIVO Descrever a autoavaliação de estudantes do quinto ano de Medicina, a partir do discurso reflexivo dos Diários de Atividades (portfólio) do internato de Pediatria I e Puericultura. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal, qualitativo do tipo descritivo, por meio do discurso do sujeito coletivo dos Diários de Atividades utilizados pela coordenadoria de internato do referido curso, localizado em Catanduva, São Paulo, de janeiro a novembro de 2011. Incluíram-se no estudo todos os depoimentos dos alunos, registrados nas seções do portfólio, denominadas autoavaliação e impressão do aluno, as quais contêm as ideias centrais (organização da disciplina, ambulatório de aleitamento materno, número de internações nas enfermarias pediátricas e satisfação com o estágio em Saúde da Criança) relacionadas ao ensino de Pediatria e Puericultura. Excluíram-se os diários com registros incompletos. RESULTADOS Analisaram-se os depoimentos de 47 internos do quinto ano (75% dos discentes), sendo que 21,3% manifestaram satisfação quanto à organização da disciplina e 27,7% elogiaram a inclusão do Ambulatório de Aleitamento Materno na graduação. Para 25,5% dos acadêmicos, o número de internações nas enfermarias de Pediatria foi insuficiente para um aprendizado ideal; entretanto, 70,2% ficaram satisfeitos com o estágio em Saúde da Criança. CONCLUSÕES Esta análise crítica permitiu uma organização das reflexões, sugestões e críticas registradas pelos internos e pode ser utilizada como instrumento para aprimoramento do ciclo profissionalizante. .