RESUMEN
Abstract In the present work, twelve bacilli were isolated from four different regions of human skin from Bela population of Nagpur district, India. The isolated bacilli were identified by their morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics. Seven isolates were Gram negative rods, out of which five were belong to genus Pseudomonas. Three among the five Gram positive isolates were identified as Dermabactor and the remaining two Bacillus. Their antimicrobial susceptibility profile was determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The isolates showed resistance to several currently used broad-spectrum antibiotics. The Dermabactor genus was resistant to vancomycin, although it was earlier reported to be susceptible. Imipenem was found to be the most effective antibiotic for Pseudomonas while nalidixic acid, ampicillin and tetracycline were ineffective. Isolates of Bacillus displayed resistance to the extended spectrum antibiotics cephalosporin and ceftazidime. Imipenem, carbenicillin and ticarcillin were found to be the most effective antibiotics as all the investigated isolates were susceptible to them. Antibiotic resistance may be due to the overuse or misuse of antibiotics during the treatment, or following constant exposure to antibiotic-containing cosmetic formulations.
Asunto(s)
Adolescente/clasificación , Adolescente/efectos de los fármacos , Adolescente/genética , Adolescente/aislamiento & purificación , Adolescente/microbiología , Adolescente/farmacología , Adulto/clasificación , Adulto/efectos de los fármacos , Adulto/genética , Adulto/aislamiento & purificación , Adulto/microbiología , Adulto/farmacología , Antibacterianos/clasificación , Antibacterianos/efectos de los fármacos , Antibacterianos/genética , Antibacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Antibacterianos/microbiología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Bacillus/clasificación , Bacillus/efectos de los fármacos , Bacillus/genética , Bacillus/aislamiento & purificación , Bacillus/microbiología , Bacillus/farmacología , Femenino/clasificación , Femenino/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino/genética , Femenino/aislamiento & purificación , Femenino/microbiología , Femenino/farmacología , Voluntarios Sanos/clasificación , Voluntarios Sanos/efectos de los fármacos , Voluntarios Sanos/genética , Voluntarios Sanos/aislamiento & purificación , Voluntarios Sanos/microbiología , Voluntarios Sanos/farmacología , Humanos/clasificación , Humanos/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos/genética , Humanos/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos/microbiología , Humanos/farmacología , Masculino/clasificación , Masculino/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino/genética , Masculino/aislamiento & purificación , Masculino/microbiología , Masculino/farmacología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana/clasificación , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana/genética , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana/aislamiento & purificación , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana/microbiología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana/farmacología , Persona de Mediana Edad/clasificación , Persona de Mediana Edad/efectos de los fármacos , Persona de Mediana Edad/genética , Persona de Mediana Edad/aislamiento & purificación , Persona de Mediana Edad/microbiología , Persona de Mediana Edad/farmacología , Piel/clasificación , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/genética , Piel/aislamiento & purificación , Piel/microbiología , Piel/farmacología , Adulto Joven/clasificación , Adulto Joven/efectos de los fármacos , Adulto Joven/genética , Adulto Joven/aislamiento & purificación , Adulto Joven/microbiología , Adulto Joven/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Abstract Acinetobacter baumannii is a frequently isolated etiologic agent of nosocomial infections, especially in intensive care units. With the increase in multi-drug resistance of A. baumannii isolates, finding appropriate treatment alternatives for infections caused by these bacteria has become more difficult, and available alternate treatments include the use of older antibiotics such as colistin or a combination of antibiotics. The current study aimed to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of various antibiotic combinations against multi-drug resistant A. baumannii strains. Thirty multi-drug and carbapenem resistant A. baumannii strains isolated at the Ankara Training and Research Hospital between June 2011 and June 2012 were used in the study. Antibiotic susceptibility tests and species-level identification were performed using conventional methods and the VITEK 2 system. The effects of meropenem, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, tigecycline, and colistin alone and in combination with sulbactam against the isolates were studied using Etest (bioMérieux) in Mueller-Hinton agar medium. Fractional inhibitory concentration index (FIC) was used to determine the efficacy of the various combinations. While all combinations showed a predominant indifferent effect, a synergistic effect was also observed in 4 of the 5 combinations. Synergy was demonstrated in 43% of the isolates with the meropenem-sulbactam combination, in 27% of the isolates with tigecycline-sulbactam, and in 17% of the isolates with colistin-sulbactam and amikacin-sulbactam. No synergy was detected with the sulbactam-ciprofloxacin combination and antagonism was detected only in the sulbactam-colistin combination (6.66% of the isolates). Antibiotic combinations can be used as an alternative treatment approach in multi-drug resistant A. baumannii infections.