Immunohistochemical Study of the Pancreatic Endocrine Cells in the BALB/c mice: An Unique Distributional Pattern of Glucagon

The regional distribution and relative frequency of insulin-, glucagon-, somatostatin- and pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-producing endocrine cells in the pancreas of BALB/c mouse were investigated by immunohistochemical method. The pancreas of mice was divided into two portions; pancreatic islets and exocrine portions, and pancreatic islets were further subdivided into two regions (central and peripheral regions) and the relative frequency and regional distribution of immunoreactive cells against insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and PP antisera were monitored. In the pancreatic islet portions, insulin-immunoreactive cells were located in the central regions and they were randomly dispersed in the whole pancreatic islets in some case of the small islets. Quite different from those of other mammals, glucagon-immunoreactive cells were dispersed throughout central to peripheral regions in case of large islets and in the smaller ones, most of these cells were situated in the peripheral regions. Somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were detected in the peripheral regions with various frequencies. Although some cells were demonstrated in the central regions of pancreatic islets, most of PP-immunoreactive cells were located in the peripheral regions. In the exocrine portions, all four types of immunoreactive cells were demonstrated in the BALB/c mouse. Some peculiar distributional patterns of pancreatic endocrine cells were found in BALB/c mouse, especially in case of glucagon-immunoreactive cells.

Determinación de la velocidad de tránsito intestinal en el ratón BALB/c / Determinaton of the velocity of intestinal transit in the BALB/c mouse

La determinación de la velocidad del tránsito intestinal en un modelo animal es de primordial importancia, sobre todo cuando se pretende utilizar la vía digestiva del mismo como sitio para la presentación de antígenos. En el presente trabajo se determinó la velocidad del tránsito intestinal en el ratón BALB/c, uno de los animales de laboratorio frecuentemente utilizado en la investigación de la respuesta inmune. Se administró un colorante vegetal por medio de una sonda orogástrica, a 45 ratones, mayores de 8 semanas de edad. Posteriormente se sacrificaron los animales a diferentes tiempos en un rango de 10 min a 24 h. El tracto intestinal se dividió de manera arbitraria, el intestino delgado en tres tercios y el intestino grueso, en dos partes. Las determinaciones mostraron que 25 min después de administrado el colorante, éste se localizó a nivel del primer tercio y en menor proporción, a nivel del segundo tercio del intestino delgado. A los 90 min, el colorante alcanzó la primera mitad del intestino grueso, y a las 2 h comenzó a ser eliminado en las heces. Sin embargo, 3 h después de la administración aún se encontró colorante en el estómago, con lo anterior se demostró que el colorante se emilinó de manera intermitente a partir del estómago hasta las 3 h. A las 10 h se encontró colorante en intestino grueso, pero no en intestino delgado ni en estómago, a las 24 h se había eliminado por completo. Se concluye que en el intestino, el tránsito del colorante es constante, aunque la liberación a partir del estómago es intermitente, y que la totalidad del proceso de tránsito intestinal se lleva a cabo antes de 24 h

Zinc administration prevents wasting in stressed mice

Experimentally induced chronic stress can produce severe retardation on the physical development of young animals. Moreover, the chronic stress and its associated secondary malnutrition cause a variable depression on immunity, whose pathogenesis has been related to the excessive production of cytokines and glucocorticoids. When stressful stimuli are excessive, animals increment their anorexia and express a progressively installed wasting syndrome, associated with hypozincemia and susceptibility to infections with high mortality rate. In this work, chronically stressed mice were studied to observe the prophylactic effect of a zinc treatment on the evolution of both their malnutrition and their immune competence. Stress was induced in newborn Balb/c mice by intraperitoneal (IP) injections with heat-killed bacteria for 4 weeks. Following this inductive period, almost all the stressed mice showed a transient wasting syndrome characterized by anorexia, deficient gain of corporal weight, diarrhea, skin infection, reduced antibody response against antigens of red blood sheep cells, and a decreased proliferative response in their Con-A stimulated splenic lymphocytes. However, when the stressed mice received an additional IP treatment with zinc acetate, their clinical condition showed a significant improvement and their immunocompetence was similar to that exhibited by non-stressed mice fron the control groups. The results suggest that zinc supplementation can ameliorate the effects of chronic stress on the growth, corporal weight, and immunocompetence of young mice