From work-integrated learning to virtual case studies: Navigating an alternative to fieldwork in paediatric occupational therapy

Due to Covid-19 regulations, occupational therapy students' access to clinical platforms was restricted and they were unable to perform traditional work integrated learning at approved placements. This situation compelled lecturers to design creative and innovative alternative fieldwork training activities for third-year occupational therapy students in the paediatric domain. In person fieldwork was converted (in part) to six case studies, presented by experts in synchronous online sessions. A structured and systematic approach was implemented to ensure student participation during and after presentations. Students worked in small groups to complete i) a professional reasoning tool and ii) an intervention plan and session to conceptualise and put into writing their selected theoretical approach to each case. One group was given the opportunity to present their work on the case on the day following the case presentation. Continuous formative feedback was provided during the presentation and integration of prior knowledge was encouraged through debate. Assessment focused on metacognition - the students' ability to reflect on their learning during each case. Students experienced the case studies as rich learning opportunities. This approach will be adapted for use in the post-pandemic era to enhance occupational therapy students' learning.

Organización y funcionamiento del Centro de Operaciones de Emergencias y de los espacios de monitoreo de emergencias y desastres del sector salud / Organization and operation of the Emergency Operations Center and of the emergency and disaster monitoring spaces of the health sector

La publicación describe la organización, los estándares y requisitos mínimos, así como la articulación del Centro de Operaciones de Emergencia y de los Espacios de Monitoreo de Emergencias y Desastres del Sector Salud (COE SALUD). Asimismo, las funciones y los procedimientos para la adecuada gestión de la información del Centro de Operaciones de Emergencia y de los Espacios de Monitoreo de Emergencias y Desastres del sector salud a nivel nacional

Documento técnico: Lineamientos para la implementación del proceso de rehabilitación y del proceso de reconstrucción en los servicios de salud frente a emergencias y desastres 2018 / Technical document: Guidelines for the implementation of the rehabilitation process and the reconstruction process in the health services in the face of emergencies and disasters 2018

La publicación describe las líneas de acción, las directrices y los enfoques estratégicos en el proceso de rehabilitación y en el proceso de reconstrucción, bajo las cuales los servicios de salud deben desarrollar sus intervenciones en emergencias y desastres, a fin de garantizar una adecuada atención de salud frente a emergencias y desastres

Organización y funcionamiento del Centro de Operaciones de Emergencias y de los Espacios de Monitoreo de Emergencias y Desastres del Sector Salud / Organization operations Center and of the Emergency and Disaster Monitoring Spaces of the Health Sector

La presente publicación describe la organización, los estándares y requisitos mínimos, así como la articulación del Centro de Operaciones de Emergencia y de los Espacios de Monitoreo de Emergencias y Desastres del Sector Salud (COE SALUD). Asimismo, las funciones y los procedimientos para la adecuada gestión de la información del Centro de Operaciones de Emergencia y de los Espacios de Monitoreo de Emergencias y Desastres del sector salud a nivel nacional

Política nacional: Hospitales seguros frente a los desastres / National policy: Hospitals safe from disasters

La publicación describe los criterios expresados, las recomendaciones formuladas y los términos empleados para aplicar en la protección de los establecimientos de salud esenciales--especialmente los hospitales--a fin de evitar las consecuencias evitables de los desastres

Política nacional: Hospitales seguros frente a los desastres / National policy: Hospitals safe from disasters

La publicación describe los criterios expresados, las recomendaciones formuladas y los términos empleados para aplicar en la protección de los establecimientos de salud esenciales--especialmente los hospitales--a fin de evitar las consecuencias evitables de los desastres

Documento técnico: Lineamientos para la implementación del proceso de rehabilitación y del proceso de reconstrucción en los servicios de salud frente a emergencias y desastres 2017 / Technical document: Guidelines for the implementation of the rehabilitation process and the reconstruction process in the health services in the face of emergencies and disasters 2017

Describe las líneas de acción, las directrices y los enfoques estratégicos en el proceso de rehabilitación y en el proceso de reconstrucción, bajo las cuales los servicios de salud deben desarrollar sus intervenciones en emergencias y desastres, a fin de garantizar una adecuada atención de salud frente a emergencias y desastres

Standard operating procedure: implementation, critical analysis, and validation in the Audiology Department at CESTEH/Fiocruz

ABSTRACT Purpose Evaluate three standard operational procedures (SOPs), regarding the application of the brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) test, implemented by the Audiology Department of the Center for Studies in Occupational Health and Human Ecology (CESTEH) through the application of a questionnaire and to verify whether the SOPs are effective and assess the necessity for improvement. Methods The study was conducted in three phases: in the first phase, eight speech-language pathologists and seven physicians, with no experience in BAEP, were instructed to read and perform each SOP, eventually all individuals evaluated the SOPs by responding to a questionnaire; in the second phase, the questionnaires were analyzed and the three SOP texts were reviewed; in the third phase, nine speech-language pathologists and six physicians, also with no experience in BAEP, read and re-evaluated the reviewed SOPs through a questionnaire. Results In the first phase, difficulties in understanding the texts were found, raising doubts about the procedures; however, every participant was able to perform the procedure as a whole. In the third phase, after the review, all individuals were able to perform the procedures appropriately and continuously without any doubts. Conclusion The assessment of the SOPs by questionnaires showed the need for adaptation in the texts. After the texts were reviewed according to the suggestions of the health professionals, it was possible to observe that the SOPs assisted in the execution of the task, which was conducted without any difficulties or doubts, being regarded effective and ensuring quality to the service offered.

Percepção de equipes laboratoriais quanto a questões de bem-estar animal / Perception of laboratory staff regarding animal welfare issues

As equipes laboratoriais controlam diversas características do ambiente dos animais utilizados em pesquisas. Portanto, suas atitudes têm grande influência no bem-estar animal (BEA) e nos resultados obtidos. Buscou-se verificar o conhecimento e a percepção dessas equipes em relação a questões de BEA. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário online composto por 22 questões abertas e 23 fechadas. As respostas são referentes a 62 participantes de diversas instituições de pesquisa brasileiras. Dezesseis (25,8%) não receberam treinamento para exercer suas funções, e 11 (18,0%) realizavam ou coordenavam procedimentos com potencial para causar dor ou morte. O principal fator limitante relatado para o uso de animais em pesquisas foi referente a questões éticas (38; 63,3%). Todos declararam conhecer o significado do termo BEA; porém, a maioria dos conceitos expressos foi de forma parcial (32; 64,0%). Tais resultados podem estar relacionados ao caráter optativo ou à indisponibilidade do ensino de BEA na maioria dos cursos de graduação no Brasil. Os animais vertebrados foram percebidos pelos respondentes como portadores de alto grau de senciência. Espécies em contato social e afetivo com os seres humanos foram vistas como mais sencientes que outros grupos. O número de respondentes interessados em um projeto de enriquecimento ambiental (34; 69,4%) sugere preocupação com o BEA. Os resultados apresentados podem subsidiar a localização de pontos críticos de BEA em laboratórios brasileiros e indicam possibilidades para melhoria no conhecimento científico de questões centrais relativas ao BEA.

Laboratory staff controls a series of environmental parameters affecting animals used in research. Therefore, staff attitudes influence both animal welfare (AW) and research results. This study aimed to verify the knowledge and perception of staff members on AW. Data were collected through a 22 open-question and 23 multiple-choice question online survey. 62 respondents from Brazilian institutions answered the survey. Sixteen (25.8%) participants did not receive training for their functions, from which 11 (18.0%) performed or coordinated procedures that may induce pain or death. The main limiting factor for the use of animals in research was ethical issues (38, 63.3%). All participants reported to know the meaning of AW, but most of the concepts given were partial (32, 64.0%). These results may be related to the unavailable or optional teaching of AW in most undergraduate courses in Brazil. Vertebrates were perceived by respondents as highly sentient. Species with a social and affective bond with human beings were seen as more sentient than other groups. There was interest in an environmental enrichment project (34, 69.4%) suggesting concern with AW. These results can collaborate in the identification of critical issues in AW in Brazilian laboratories and indicate opportunities to improve scientific knowledge of key issues related to AW.

Investigação do acidente da Boate Kiss em Santa Maria: Rio Grande do Sul: Brasil / Nightclub Kiss Accident Analysis in Santa Maria: RS a case study focusing on the investigation of the accident as an opportunity to return the learned experience

Introdução: O acidente ocorrido em Santa Maria-RS encontra-se dentre os mais propalados pela mídia inclusive com repercussão internacional. A investigação criminal, levada a cabo pela delegacia de polícia e também a feita pelos técnicos do conselho regional de engenharia, resultou em um conhecimento dos fatos imediatos, ou seja, um olhar da relação causa e efeito, nitidamente estabelecida sem buscar as razões de origem das causas. Em outros termos, aqui buscamos contextualiza o evento acidentário dentro dos fatores culturais, políticos, regulatórios e econômicos. Ao não colocar luzes sob tais aspectos correlacionados, o retorno da experiência, o aprendizado e a própria gestão de riscos, ficaram circunscritos à esfera proximal do acidente. Questões sobre o uso e comercialização de materiais pirotécnicos, o emprego de materiais de revestimentos em boates e clubes noturnos, a promoção de eventos com grande afluxo de pessoas para locais fechados, não são aprofundados nos referidos relatórios. Também não se discutiu, de forma ampla, questões sobre a atuação de órgãos públicos na concessão de funcionamento de boates, sobre o papel dos especialistas em prevenção de risco, sobre o papel dos agentes públicos em grandes desastres e acidentes ampliados, especialmente os relacionados ao acidente químico que neste caso matou, em minutos, duzentos e quarenta e dois jovens, todos levados a óbitos pela ação do gás cianídrico.

Introduction: The accident in Santa Maria - RS is one of the most publicized by the media having international repercussions. The criminal investigation conducted by the police and also by the technicians of the Regional Engineering Board, resulted in an understanding of immediate facts, i.e., the causes and effects which clearly established without seeking for the roots of the problem. In other words, here we seek to contextualize the accident within the cultural, political, regulatory and economic aspects. If we did not analyze the correlated aspects, the feedback, learning and risk management itself would be restricted to the accident proximal sphere. Questions about the use and sale of fireworks, the use of lining materials in clubs and nightclubs, the organization of events with large amounts of people indoors, are not detailed in the reports. It was also not broadly discussed questions about the role of governmental agencies in providing operating licenses for nightclubs, the role of risk prevention experts and the role of public officials in major disasters and major accidents, especially those related to chemical substances, that, in this case, killed two hundred forty two young people in a few minutes, all of whom died due to the action of the cyanide gas. Objectives: In face of these and other shortcomings, this paper proposes a method of coping with these issues

Economía del tabaco / Tobacco economics

La ciencia ha demostrado inequívocamente que el consumo de tabaco y la exposición al humo de este, son causa de mortalidad, morbilidad y discapacidad y representan un riesgo inminente para la salud pública a nivel mundial. Muchos gobiernos dudan en adoptar medidas legales y políticas necesarias para disminuir el consumo de tabaco, por temor a las consecuencias económicas negativas que tales medidas podrían implicar. La producción, exportación e importación de tabaco son una parte ínfima de la economía costarricense. El control estricto del tabaco no produciría una pérdida neta de empleos; la teoría económica dicta que se verificaría un cambio en los patrones de consumo, el cual implicaría un aumento de empleos en otras áreas de la economía nacional. Existe evidencia de países de alto, mediano y bajo ingreso, que demuestra que el aumento del precio de los cigarrillos por medio del incremento de impuestos induce a la disminución en el consumo y previene el inicio del fumado, especialmente en la población joven. Además, se genera un aumento en ingresos fiscales como consecuencia de los impuestos. La evidencia prueba que el contrabando de tabaco está íntimamente relacionado con el nivel de corrupción existente en el país, por eso con el aumento o disminución de impuestos, los cambios en el contrabando no son significativos. Hay evidencia de que no existen pérdidas económicas por ventas, ni disminución en empleos en hoteles, bares y restaurantes, al implementar la ley de espacios 100 por ciento libres de humo.

A regulação assistencial e a produção do cuidado: um arranjo potente para qualificar a atenção / Healthcare regulation and healthcare management as tools to assure comprehensiveness and equity in health

A produção do cuidado integral e a eqüidade são desafios na gestão do SUS. Analisou-se um arranjo da gestão municipal para a produção do cuidado implantado por meio da regulação assistencial com o objetivo de enriquecer as reflexões sobre o tema. Foi realizado estudo de caso em que os dados foram obtidos mediante observação, entrevistas, narrativas escritas e análise documental. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram gestores e trabalhadores da Secretaria de Saúde. Como resultado destaca-se um conceito de rede viva, produzida ativamente pela construção de relações entre os trabalhadores dos diferentes serviços. Destacam-se as ações de apoio ao cuidado produzido pelas equipes, com base na regulação assistencial e na gestão dos processos de trabalho. Os resultados foram expressivos na qualificação do cuidado, na redução das filas às especialidades e na satisfação dos profissionais. Como marca do processo, evidencia-se a necessidade de enriquecer, em ato, os saberes técnicos com as tecnologias leves e os saberes produzidos em movimentos ativos da gestão para a produção do cuidado.

Healthcare production that assures comprehensiveness and equity has posed a challenge for Brazil's Unified National Health System. The aim of this study was to contribute to the debate on the issue, analyzing an experience with municipal healthcare management using regulation to improve quality of care. We conducted a case study in which data were obtained through direct observation, interviews, written narratives, and document analysis. The research subjects were health services managers and health workers. The results feature the concept of a living network, produced actively by building relations between the health workers in the different services. The study highlights the measures to support the care produced by the teams, based on healthcare regulation and work processes management. The results were expressive in upgrading the care, reducing the waiting lines for the specialties, and increasing the health workers' satisfaction. The key feature in the process was the evident need to enrich (through acts) the technical knowledge with light technologies and active movements by management in the production of care.

Broder scope of COPRA, 1986 & medical profession.

Negligence is the breach of a duty caused by the omission to do something which a reasonable man, guided by those considerations which ordinarily regulate the conduct of human affairs would do, or doing something which a prudent and reasonable man would not do. The definition involves three constituents of negligence: (1) A legal duty to exercise due care on the part of the party complained of towards the party complaining the former's conduct within the scope of the duty; (2) breach of the said duty; and (3) consequential damage. Cause of action for negligence arises only when damage occurs; for, damage is a necessary ingredient of this tort. Hon’ble Supreme Court Bench comprising B.N. Agrawal, P.P. Naolekar & Dalveer Bhandari, pronounced a Judgment on May 8, 2007 on this issue. Other relevant decisions of various Consumer Forums including National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission are discussed. This paper will help in enlightening medical fraternity on new dimensions of scope of COPRA 1986, meaning and interpretations of term ‘service’ ‘consumer’ and ‘jurisdiction’.

Manual de requisitos para habilitación de laboratorios / Manual clearance requirements for laboratories

Este documento pretende que los establecimientos de salud sujetos a control sanitario para su funcionamiento, deberán contar con el permiso otorgado por la Autoridad Sanitaria Competente, este permiso de funcionamiento tendrá vigencia de un año calendario.

Índice de seguridad hospitalaria: Guía para la evaluación de establecimientos de salud de mediana y baja complejidad / Hospital Safety Index: A Guide for the evaluation of health of medium and low complexity

En esta guía se entiende como establecimiento menor a aquellas instalaciones de salud de mediana o baja complejidad, que junto a los hospitales principales conforman las redes de salud. Entre ellas están los hospitales primarios, con menos de 20 camas o sin hospitalización, centros de salud, policlínicas, clínicas. Esta carpeta incluye los elementos necesarios para el desarrollo de la evaluación: la guía que orienta al equipo de evaluación, los formularios necesarios para recopilar y analizar la información y un disco CD- ROM con esos documentos en formato electrónico, el modelo matemático y otros materiales de apoyo o referencia técnica...

Manual de habilitación de establecimientos proveedores de servicios de salud / Enabling manual establishment of health service providers

El presente Manual de Habilitación de Establecimientos Proveedores de Servicios de Salud tiene como propósito dar a conocer los estándares, así como, el procedimiento para alcanzar la habilitación en los establecimientos de salud públicos y privados del país de acuerdo a su nivel de resolución. Su enfoque esta dirigido a la búsqueda de la racionalización de los escasos recursos de los establecimientos públicos y privados y evitar surgimiento de establecimientos con infraestructura, equipamientos y recursos humanos no acorde con los servicios de salud...