Abscisic acid-mediated cytosolic Ca2+ modulates triterpenoid accumulation of Ganoderma lucidum / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Ganoderma lucidum is a mushroom widely used for its edible and medicinal properties. Primary bioactive constituents of G. lucidum are ganoderic triterpenoids (GTs), which exhibit important pharmacological activity. Abscisic acid (ABA), a plant hormone, is associated with plant growth, development, and stress responses. ABA can also affect the growth, metabolism, and physiological activities of different fungi and participates in the regulation of the tetracyclic triterpenes of some plants. Our findings indicated that ABA treatment promoted GT accumulation by regulating the gene expression levels (squalene synthase (sqs), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (hmgr), and lanosterol synthase (ls)), and also activated cytosolic Ca2+ channels. Furthermore, under ABA mediation, exogenous Ca2+ donors and inhibitors directly affected the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and related gene expression in Ca2+ signaling. Our study also revealed that ABA-mediated cytosolic Ca2+ played a crucial regulatory role in GT biosynthesis, accompanied by antioxidant defense modulation with increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity, and the resistance ability of O2•- and glutathione (GSH) contents.

Optimization of laccase production by two strains of Ganoderma lucidum using phenolic and metallic inducers / Optimización de la producción de lacasa por dos cepas de Ganoderma lucidum utilizando inductores fenólicos y metálicos

Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst es un hongo causante de pudrición blanca, capaz de degradar la lignina de la madera y otros sustratos en los que crece. En este trabajo se evaluó la capacidad de dos cepas de esta especie de producir la enzima ligninolítica lacasa. Asimismo, se ensayó la inducción de esta enzima con diferentes compuestos fenólicos e iones metálicos, y se encontró que el ácido ferúlico y el cobre fueron los mejores inductores de la lacasa entre los agentes evaluados. También se encontró que los dos tipos de inductores (fenólicos y metálicos) producen distintos patrones electroforéticos de actividad lacasa. Las concentraciones óptimas de los inductores fueron establecidas mediante un diseño factorial. Se estimó la estabilidad térmica de la lacasa en un amplio rango de pH ácidos, y se comprobó que a pH más altos la enzima es más termoestable.

Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst is a white rot fungus that is able to degrade the lignin component in wood. The ability of two strains of this species to produce the ligninolytic enzyme laccase was assessed. After the evaluation of induction with heavy metals and phenolic compounds, it was found that among the tested substances, copper and ferulic acid are the best laccase inducers. It was also observed that the two types of inducers (phenolic and metallic) produce different electrophoretic patterns of laccase activity. Optimized concentrations of inducers were obtained through a factorial design and the thermal stability of optimized supernatants was studied at a wide range of acidic pH. We found that the enzyme is more thermostable at higher pH values.

Improved 1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) production in mulberry leaves fermented by microorganism

DNJ, an inhibitor of α-glucosidase, is used to suppress the elevation of postprandial hyperglycemia. In this study, we focus on screening an appropriate microorganism for performing fermentation to improve DNJ content in mulberry leaf. Results showed that Ganoderma lucidum was selected from 8 species and shown to be the most effective in improvement of DNJ production from mulberry leaves through fermentation. Based on single factor and three factor influence level tests by following the Plackett-Burman design, the optimum extraction yield was analyzed by response surface methodology (RSM). The extracted DNJ was determined by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatograph equipped with fluorescence detector (HPLC-FD). The results of RSM showed that the optimal condition for mulberry fermentation was defined as pH 6.97, potassium nitrate content 0.81% and inoculums volume 2 mL. The extraction efficiency reached to 0.548% in maximum which is 2.74 fold of those in mulberry leaf.