RESUMEN
In this study, we isolated and phenotypically identified 108 yeast strains from various clinical specimens collected from 100 hospitalized patients at three tertiary hospitals in São Luís-Maranhão, Brazil, from July to December 2010. The isolates were analyzed for their susceptibility to four of the most widely used antifungal agents in the surveyed hospitals, amphotericin B, fluconazole, 5-flucytosine and voriconazole. The species identified were Candida albicans (41.4%), Candida tropicalis (30.1%), C. glabrata (7.4%), Candida parapsilosis (5.5%), Candida krusei (4.6%), Cryptococcus neoformans (4.6%), Trichosporon spp. (3.7%), Candida norvegensis (0.9%), Rhodotorula glutinis (0.9%) and Pichia farinosa (0.9%). A higher isolation rate was observed in the following clinical specimens: urine (54 isolates; 50%), respiratory tract samples (21 isolates; 19.4%) and blood (20 isolates; 18.6%). Candida albicans isolates were 100% sensitive to all antifungal agents tested, whereas Candida krusei and Crytococcus neoformans displayed intermediate resistance to 5-flucytosine, with Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values of 8 mg/mL and 16 mg/mL, respectively. Both strains were also S-DD to fluconazole with an MIC of 16 mg/mL. C. tropicalis was resistant to 5-flucytosine with an MIC of 32 μg/mL. This study demonstrates the importance of identifying the yeast species involved in community and nosocomial infections.
Asunto(s)
Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Candida/aislamiento & purificación , Micosis/microbiología , Pichia/aislamiento & purificación , Rhodotorula/aislamiento & purificación , Trichosporon/aislamiento & purificación , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Brasil , Candida/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Micosis/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Pichia/efectos de los fármacos , Rhodotorula/efectos de los fármacos , Centros de Atención Terciaria , Trichosporon/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
De distintas muestras clínicas, se aislaron 238 cepas de levaduras. Para identificarlas, se emplearon pruebas convencionales como la emisión de tubos germinativos y producción de clamidosporos para identificar a Candida albicans. Las levaduras que no presentaron los caracteres antes mencionados, se identificaron mediante equipo comercial que mide la actividad enzimática de las levaduras en presencia de cicloheximida y de diferentes azúcares (Candifast de International Mycoplasma S.A.). De las levaduras aisladas, 194 resultaron ser Candida albicans y 44 cepas correspondieron a otras especies de Candida y a otros géneros de levaduras