Rotura esplénica espontánea secundaria a mononucleosis infecciosa / Spontaneous splenic rupture secondary to infectious mononucleosis

Resumen La rotura esplénica es una complicación rara pero potencialmente fatal de la mononucleosis infecciosa. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 18 años que consultó por dolor abdominal de siete días de evolución, asociado a fiebre y pérdida de conciencia brusca y transitoria. En el hemograma presentaba una anemia y linfocitosis. Se realizó una tomografía computada de abdomen y pelvis que mostró un extenso hemoperitoneo, con el bazo rodeado por un hematoma, y numerosas adenopatías cervicales, mesentéricas e inguinales. Se efectuó una laparoscopía que demostró abundante hemoperitoneo con coágulos a lo largo de la gotera parietocólica izquierda. El bazo estaba completamente decapsulado y rodeado por una colección hemática con sangrado en napa. Se realizó una esplenectomía total sin complicaciones. El estudio histopatológico esplénico mostró una atenuación de la pulpa blanca y expansión de la pulpa roja con áreas de hemorragia y necrosis. La IgM anti-cápside para virus de Epstein Barr fue positiva. La paciente evolucionó de manera favorable.

Abstract Splenic rupture is a rare but potentially fatal complication of infectious mononucleosis. We report the case of an 18-year-old woman, who presented a 7-day history of abdominal pain, sudden temporary loss of consciousness and fever. Admission blood tests showed anemia, and lymphocytosis. Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis demonstrated extensive hemoperitoneum and numerous cervical, mesenteric and inguinal enlarged lymph nodes. Laparoscopy was performed and abundant hemoperitoneum with blood clots along the left parietocolic gutter were observed. The spleen was completely decapsulated and surrounded by a hematoma and the subcapsular tissue was bleeding. Total splenectomy was performed without complications. Splenic histology demonstrated white pulp attenuation and expansion of the red pulp with focal hemorrhage and necrosis. IgM anti-viral capsid antigen of Epstein Barr virus was positive. The patient had a satisfactory recovery.

Ruptura esplênica secundária à infeção por Plasmodium falciparum / Splenic rupture secondary to Plasmodium falciparum infection

A ruptura esplênica é uma complicação possível da malária. É importante pela dificuldade diagnóstica, pois um elevado índice de suspeição é necessário para um diagnóstico atempado. Pode condicionar uma hemorragia intraperitoneal e deve ser considerada no diagnóstico diferencial de quadros de dor abdominal, hipotensão e diminuição do hematócrito. Os autores descrevem o caso de um homem de 59 anos, com ruptura esplênica secundária à malária por Plasmodium falciparum, tendo realizado esplenectomia urgente. Com a apresentação do caso, os autores pretendem chamar a atenção para a necessidade de incluir esta afecção no diagnóstico diferencial dos doentes com malária e hipotensão refractária.

Splenic rupture is a possible complication of malaria. Due to its difficult diagnosis, it is important, because a high level of suspicion is needed for a timely diagnosis. It results in intraperitoneal bleeding and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain, hypotension and low hematocrit. The authors report the case of a 59-year old man with splenic rupture secondary to malarial infection by Plasmodium Falciparum, who was treated with urgent splenectomy. This case is presented to remind the clinicians of include this entity in the differential diagnosis of patients with malaria and refractory hypotension.

Splenic Rupture following Colon Polypectomy: A Case Report and Review of Literature / 대한소화기학회지

Colonoscopy is a safe procedure performed routinely worldwide. Splenic rupture is a rare complication of colonoscopy with several reported cases since 1974. We report the first case of a complication in the Republic of Korea. The literature on this rare complication is also reviewed here, with focus on the analysis of risk, diagnosis, and treatment. A 77-year-old patient receiving oral aspirin underwent colonoscopy with polypectomy. After 24 hours, the patient experienced dizziness and hypotension. Colonoscopy was performed to exclude intestinal bleeding, which could be diagnosed with hemoperitoneum. A computed tomography scan showed copious abdominal free blood and a splenic rupture. An urgent splenectomy was performed, which was the recognized procedure of choice. Physicians should have greater awareness of the possibility of splenic rupture following colonoscopy in order to avoid delay of diagnosis and treatment for this life-threatening complication.

A Case of Pathologic Splenic Rupture as the Initial Manifestation of Acute Myeloid Leukemia M2

A pathologic splenic rupture refers to a rupture without trauma. A splenic rupture as the initial manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia is extremely rare. In this study, we described a rare case of acute myeloid leukemia presenting principally as an acute abdomen due to a pathologic splenic rupture in a 35-year old male patient. We can assert that a pathologic splenic rupture in hematologic diseases is a potentially life-threatening complication, which necessitates immediate operative intervention. Any such patient complaining about left upper abdominal tenderness should be closely observed, and further diagnostic investigations (ultrasonograph of the abdomen, abdominal CT scan) should be initiated in order to rule out a splenic rupture. The oncologist should be aware of this rare initial presentation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) M2, as the condition generally necessitates a prompt splenectomy.

Spontaneous splenic rupture in a patient receiving thrombolytic therapy / Ruptura esplênica espontânea em paciente submetida a terapia trombolítica

We describe the case of a 67-year-old female patient with a history of femoral-distal bypass graft with sudden onset of unremitting leg pain, who had recently received tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). The patient reported non-compliance with her warfarin regimen. Angiography revealed occlusion of the bypass graft. Infusion of t-PA was performed via a right femoral artery approach. On hospital day two, the patient developed nausea and abdominal pain with associated hypotension. A CT scan showed a massive intra-abdominal and pelvic free fluid consistent with blood. The spleen was enlarged and fluid noted around the liver. At laparotomy, a grade III splenic laceration at the hilum was identified and a splenectomy performed. The patient recovered completely. Although rare, spontaneous splenic rupture should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients undergoing thrombolytic therapy who develop signs of hemodynamic instability.

Descrevemos o caso de uma paciente de 67 anos com histórico de enxerto fêmoro-distal com início súbito de dor repetitiva em membro inferior e que havia recebido ativador de plasminogênio tecidual (AP-t) recentemente. A paciente relatou não adesão ao seu tratamento com warfarina. A angiografia revelou oclusão do enxerto. O AP-t foi administrado via artéria femoral direita. No segundo dia de hospitalização, a paciente apresentou náuseas e dor abdominal com hipotensão associada. Uma tomografia computadorizada revelou a existência de um fluido pélvico e intra-abdominal livre em grande quantidade, com suspeita de que fosse sangue. O baço estava crescido, e o fluido foi observado em torno do fígado. A laparotomia identificou uma laceração grau III no hilo esplênico, e uma esplenectomia foi realizada. A paciente teve recuperação completa. Embora rara, a ruptura esplênica espontânea deve ser considerada no diagnóstico diferencial de pacientes submetidos a terapia trombolítica que apresentem sinais de instabilidade hemodinâmica.

Post hysterectomy spontaneous rupture of spleen

Spontaneous rupture of spleen is a rare entity in the world of obstetrics and gynaecology. The obstetricians-gynaecologist has to confront with ruptured spleen sometimes in their practice. Ruptured spleen is not uncommon in trauma and some surgical procedures in upper abdomen. Splenic rupture after hysterectomy is exceedingly rare occurrence. However it should be considered as part of diagnostic workup in any unstable post hysterectomy subject with high degree of suspicion along with other differential diagnosis. Early reorganization of this potentially life-threatening complication is very important for the wellbeing of patient and carries medico legal significance as well. We are reporting fourth case of spontaneous rupture spleen after abdominal hysterectomy found in the literature along with literature review and update on the topic regarding its diagnostic criteria

Spontaneous splenic rupture due to dengue fever: report of two cases

Dengue is a febrile illness caused by Flavivírus and mainly transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypiti which have been a serious epidemic in Rio de Janeiro. In most of cases it was a self limited disease. We report two cases of a serious and rare complication of this viral infection.

Abscesso esplênico: a propósito de dois casos e revisão da literatura / Splenic abscess: concerning two cases and literature revision

O abscesso esplênico é uma condição rara, de difícil diagnóstico e com alta mortalidade. O diagnóstico deve ser considerado naqueles pacientes com febre, dor abdominal e condições de imunossupressão. A esplenectomia tem sido o tratamento de escolha, com alta morbimortalidade. A abordagem percutânea pode ser uma boa alternativa.

Co-existence of spontaneous splenic rupture and tuberculosis of the spleen

A rare case of splenic tuberculosis complicated by splenic rupture is reported. A 73-year-old man, hospitalized for peptic ulcer bleeding, presented in oligemic shock, was transferred to the operating room. Hemoperitoneum, due to rupture of an enlarged spleen was detected. The pathology revealed splenic tuberculosis. He had an uneventful recovery. Postoperatively, he received a combination of anti-tuberculous therapy for 6 months

Ruptura esplénica espontanea secundaria a amiloidosis / Spontaneous splenic rupture due to amyloidosis

La ruptura esplénica se produce frecuentemente por mecanismos traumáticos. Se la denomina espontánea o patológica cuando no existe tal antecedente o hay alguna patología esplênica predisponente. La ruptura esplénica espontánea por infiltración amiloide es una causa muy infrecuente de abdômen agudo quirúrgico. Se presenta el caso de una mujer internada por abdomen agudo secundario a ruptura esplénica espontánea, cuyo diagnóstico final fue amiloidosis primaria.

Spontaneous rupture of spleen in falciparum malaria.

Spontaneous rupture of spleen is an extremely rare complication of falciparum malaria. We report a 3 1/2-year-old girl with splenic rupture who was managed successfully with splenectomy and antimalarials.

Acute myeloid leukemia presenting as splenic rupture.

We describe a rare case of acute myeloid leukemia presenting primarily as an acute abdomen due to spontaneous splenic rupture in a 19 years male patient. He was treated with splenectomy after failure of conservative management for splenic preservation but later succumbed to an intracerebral haemorrhage.

Abscesso esplênico associado à pileflebite / Splenic abscess and pylephlebitis

Neste artigo, descrevemos o caso de um paciente masculino de 46 anos tratado em nosso Serviço com diagnóstico de abscesso esplênico associado à pileflebite. A apresentaçäo clínica, o diagnóstico, a etiologia e o tratamento dos abscessos esplênicos säo revisados. Discute-se a repercussäo da pileflebite no tratamento e na evoluçäo deste caso.

Evaluación tomográfica de pacientes con complicaciones postquirúrgicas abdominales / Abdominal postoperative complications: CT features

A fin de demostrar la utilidad de la TC para el diagnóstico y eventual tratamiento de las complicaciones postquirúrgicas de la cirugía abdomino-pelviana se realizaron tomografías de abdomen y pelvis administrando a cada paciente contraste oral y endovenoso. Se estudiaron retrospectivamente 70 pacientes elegidos al azar sobre un universo de 305 excluyendo de la muestra a los perdidos para el seguimiento. Valoramos 80 entidades patológicas en las que se evaluó la signología tomográfica y a las que agrupamos en 5 subgrupos: abscesos y/o colecciones 46 (57,5 por ciento), hematomas 11 (13,75 por ciento), fístulas 7 (8,75 por ciento), dehiscencias de suturas 3 (3,75 por ciento) y otros 13 (16,25 por ciento). La TC demostró ser un método confiable en el diagnóstico y la posterior toma de decisiones para una terapeútica adecuada en éste tipo de pacientes

Trauma de Bazo / Spleen Trauma

El trauma de bazo tiene una prevalencia del 6 por ciento de los órganos lesionados durante el trauma abdominal cerrado debido a su localización en la porción superior del abdomen; es el órgano intraabdominal que más se lesiona en este tipo de trauma y en las heridas penetrantes del cuadrante superior izquierdo. Si existe esplenomegalia la ruptura puede ocurrir por traumas mínimos. Iatrogénicamente se puede lesionar en procedimientos como arteriografías, colangiografías, esfinterotomías retrógradas endoscópicas, masajes cardíacos, toracentesis bajas, paracentesis en pacientes con esplenomegalias o con hematoms subcapulares y en cirugías como gastrectomías, colectomías y cirugías pancreáticas. Generalmente, ocurre hemorragia intraabdominal masiva por lo que los síntomas son los asociados a hemorragia intraperitoneal (shock, signos de irritación peritoneal, signo de Kehr's, signo de Ballances). En el hemograma pueden aparecer leucocitosis de 12x10(9)/L y el hematócrito, si la hemorragia es muy profusa, se disminuye después de seis horas. El manejo médico comprende un monitoreo adecuado de las funciones vitales y del volumen urinario horario, control de la hemoglobina y el hematocrito y el reemplazo de líquidos, electrolitos y de sangre; el manejo conservador puede ir desde el sólo manejo médico, embolectomía o manejo quirúrgico como esplenectomía parcial, esplenorragia o colocación de mallas por laparotomía formal o por laparoscopia, lo que cada vez es más aceptado en la mayoría de los centros de trauma

Aspects epidemiologiques et diagnostiques de traumatismes de la rate au CHU de Brazzaville : a propos de 70 cas

Les auteurs rapportent 70 cas de traumatismes de la rate observes dans le service de chirurgie digestive du CHU de Brazzaville de mars 1988 a fevrier 1994. Actuellement; les traumatismes de la rate sont en nette progression et l'exode rural; le chomage en sont les plus grands pourvoyeurs. Ces 70 cas representent 32 pour cent des 218 traumatises de l'abdomen sur 5.143 malades hospitalises soit 1;36 pour cent. C'est une population jeune et l'age moyen est de 25 ans. La tranche d'age la plus touchee est celle de 15 a 35 ans (92;85 pour cent). On compte 50 hommes et 20 femmes. Les facteurs etiologiques sont tres varies mais les agressions par rixes et conflits conjugaux predominent par rapport aux accidents de la voie publique; aux chutes en hauteur et aux plaies abdominales. Le diagnostic d'hemoperitoine avant tout clinique a ete confirme dans 46 cas par ponction lavage du peritoine et dans 20 cas par echographie abdominale

Actualización en el tratamiento conservador de las lesiones esplénicas traumáticas / Up-date in conservative treatment of the traumatic splenic lesions

Existen diversas posibilidades terapéuticas frente a la lesión esplénica traumática. El objetivo de conservar la función del bazo es primordial para evitar complicaciones sépticas en el paciente esplénico. Para ello se requiere efectuar un diagnóstico preciso del tipo de lesión e instaurar el tratamiento conservador en la medida de lo posible. Es motivo de la presente comunicación hacer una revisión de los distintos recursos terapéuticos ante las lesiones del bazo

Rotura de baço a 2 tempos na infância / Rupture of spleen to two times in childhood

Os autores apresentam 2 casos de rotura de baço a 2 tempos na infância, comentando a raridade de sua ocorrência, as dificuldades e os exames utilizados para o diagnóstico