Molecular Characterization of Gastrothylax crumenifer (Platyhelminthes: Gastrothylacidae) from Goats in the Western Part of India by LSU of Nuclear Ribosomal DNA

The rumen parasite, Gastrothylax crumenifer (Platyhelminthes: Gastrothylacidae), is a highly pathogenic trematode parasite of goat (Capra hircus). It sucks blood that causes acute disease like anemia, and severe economic losses occur due to morbidity and mortality of the ruminant infected by these worms. The study of these rumen paramphistomes, their infection, and public health importance remains unclear in India especially in the western part of state Uttar Pradesh (U.P.), Meerut, India, where the goat meat consumption is very high. This paper provides the molecular characterization of G. crumenifer recovered from the rumen of Capra hircus from Meerut, U.P., India by the partial sequence of 28S rDNA. Nucleotide sequence similarity searching on BLAST of 28S rDNA from parasites showed the highest identity with those of G. crumenifer from the same host Capra hircus. This is the first report of molecular identification of G. crumenifer from this part of India.

Morphology and histology of the adult Paramphistomum gracile Fischoeder, 1901

In the present study, we evaluated the histological morphology of the adult Paramphistomum (P.) gracile. Adult flukes with bodies 5~15 mm in length and 2~7 mm in width were subjected to histological analysis. Longitudinal and transversal serial-sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and examined. The body surface and longitudinal section of P. gracile were also assessed using scanning electron microscopy. In this species, the anterior sucker and posterior sucker (acetabulum) were present on an anterior and posterior part of the body, respectively. The major folds were located in the areas of the anterior sucker, genital canal, and posterior sucker. The fluke membrane was spineless at the tegument surface and in the tegument tissue. Histological data showed structural-systematic characteristics of the digestive tract, reproductive tract, excretory tract, copulatory organs, connective tissues, and muscle tissues. We attempted to elucidate the histological characteristics of P. gracile that might increase the knowledge and understanding of rumen fluke morphology.

Descripción morfológica de Cotylophoroncotylophorum (Digenea: Paramphistomidae) hallado enbovinos de Rionegro, Antioquia, Colombia / Descrição morfológica do Cotylophoron cotylophorum (Digenea: Paramphistomidae)em bovinos de Rionegro, Antioquia, Colômbia / Morphological description of Cotylophoron cotylophorum (Digenea: Paramphistomidae) in Cattle from Rionegro, Antioquia, Colombia

En Colombia se ha registrado la presencia de Paramphistomidae (Trematoda: Digenea) parasitandoel rumen de bovinos de la costa Caribe, los Llanos Orientales y el suroccidente. En estas publicacionesse menciona la presencia y prevalencia de los paramfistómidos, pero todas carecen de la descripciónmorfológica de los digeneos. El hallazgo de paramfistómidos adultos en el rumen de ejemplaresBos taurus, procedentes del sector Llanogrande, en el municipio de Rionegro, Antioquia, motivó lapresente investigación, con el propósito de describir los diferentes estadíos del parásito y establecerel estatus taxonómico específico. Del rumen de una hembra, Bos taurus, sacrificada en la CentralGanadera del municipio de Medellín, se extrajeron vivos 52 digeneos adultos. En el laboratoriose aislaron huevos que se incubaron hasta la obtención de miracidios. Con ellos se infectaron 50moluscos Lymnaea truncatula. La morfología de los adultos y estadíos larvarios del paramfistómidopermitió determinarlo como Cotylophoron cotylophorum. En L. truncatula se obtuvo una infeccióndel 5.1 %. Con este registro se amplia la distribución geográfica y altitudinal del parásito a la regiónaltoandina, noroccidental de Colombia.

The presence of Paramphistomidae parasites (Trematoda: Digenea) inside the rumen (first stomach) hasbeen recorded in Colombia in cattle from the Caribbean coast, the Eastern Plains region in the east, and thesouthwest of the country. However, studies on the presence and prevalence of the parasite do not include anymorphological description. This study includes research findings from adult Paramphistomidae parasitesin the rumen of Bos taurus specimens from Llanogrande in the municipality of Rionegro, Antioquia. Theaim of this research was to describe all the developmental stages of the parasite and to establish its specifictaxonomical status. 52 live adult parasites were found in the rumen of a female Bos taurus sacrificed inthe slaughter house Central Ganadera of Medellin. Eggs from adults were obtained in the laboratory, andhatching was stimulated to obtain miracidia. 50 Lymnaea truncatula snails were exposed to the miracidia,resulting in an infection rate of 5.1 %. The parasite was identified as Cotylophoron cotylophorum byusing adult morphology and larval stages. This finding expands the parasite’s geographical and altitudinaldistribution to the andean highlands in northwestern Colo.

Na Colômbia tem-se encontrado a presencia de Paramphistomidae (Trematoda: Digenea) parasitandono rúmen de bovinos da costa Caribe, os Llanos Orientales e no sul oeste. Nestas publicações tem-semencionado a presencia e prevalência dos paramfistómidos, mas todas carecem da descrição morfológicados digeneos. Do rúmen de uma fêmea Bos taurus proveniente do município de Rionegro e sacrificadana Central Ganadera do município de Medellín, se extraíram vivos 52 digeneos adultos. No laboratórioforam isolados os ovo e forma obtidos os miracidios. Com eles foram infetados 50 moluscos Lymnaeatruncatula. A morfologia dos adultos e estádios larvários do paramfistómido permitiu determinar-lho comoCotylophoron cotylophorum. Em L. truncatula foi obtido uma infecção de 5.1 %. Com este fato, se ampliaa distribuição geográfica e altitudinal do parasita na região alta dos Andes colombianos.

Incidence of rumen flukes in ruminants in Behera province, Egypt

A survey on the rumen flukes infesting ruminants in Behera province, Egypt was carried out to assess the prevalence in association with the season, age, sex and breed through a period of one year from July 2008 to June 2009. The rumen and reticulum of 329 slaughtered animals [246 cattle and 83 buffaloes] were examined for the presence of worms. Moreover, faecal samples from 644 live animals [408 cattle and 236 buffaloes] from the clinics of the veterinary centers were investigated for the presence of paramphistomid eggs. The incidence of infection among slaughtered cattle and buffaloes was 26.1% and 25.3%. Also, it reached 34.6% and 32.6% among those examined coprologically. Generally season and breed were of the factors found to have an influence on rumen fluke infestation. The high incidence was found in Summer season, lower age groups, females and in cattle breed. Winter, old animals, males and buffaloes reported lower rates of infection. This was observed during examination of slaughtered as well as animals examined coprologically