Exploring the Feasibility of Machine Learning to Predict Risk Stratification Within 3 Months in Chest Pain Patients with Suspected NSTE-ACS / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#We aimed to assess the feasibility and superiority of machine learning (ML) methods to predict the risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACEs) in chest pain patients with NSTE-ACS.@*METHODS@#Enrolled chest pain patients were from two centers, Beijing Anzhen Emergency Chest Pain Center Beijing Bo'ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center. Five classifiers were used to develop ML models. Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F-Measure and AUC were used to assess the model performance and prediction effect compared with HEART risk scoring system. Ultimately, ML model constructed by Naïve Bayes was employed to predict the occurrence of MACEs.@*RESULTS@#According to learning metrics, ML models constructed by different classifiers were superior over HEART (History, ECG, Age, Risk factors, & Troponin) scoring system when predicting acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and all-cause death. However, according to ROC curves and AUC, ML model constructed by different classifiers performed better than HEART scoring system only in prediction for AMI. Among the five ML algorithms, Linear support vector machine (SVC), Naïve Bayes and Logistic regression classifiers stood out with all Accuracy, Precision, Recall and F-Measure from 0.8 to 1.0 for predicting any event, AMI, revascularization and all-cause death ( vs. HEART ≤ 0.78), with AUC from 0.88 to 0.98 for predicting any event, AMI and revascularization ( vs. HEART ≤ 0.85). ML model developed by Naïve Bayes predicted that suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS), abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG), elevated hs-cTn I, sex and smoking were risk factors of MACEs.@*CONCLUSION@#Compared with HEART risk scoring system, the superiority of ML method was demonstrated when employing Linear SVC classifier, Naïve Bayes and Logistic. ML method could be a promising method to predict MACEs in chest pain patients with NSTE-ACS.

Relación del supradesnivel del segmento ST en aVR con las complicaciones cardiovasculares / Relationship of ST-segment elevation in AVR to cardiovascular complications

Introducción: El patrón de supradesnivel del segmento ST en aVR en el síndrome coronario agudo se asocia con un aumento de la mortalidad. Objetivo: Evaluar la relación entre el patrón de supradesnivel del segmento ST en aVR y las complicaciones cardiovasculares no letales. Método: Estudio observacional de corte transversal, con componente analítico de todos los pacientes ingresados con síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del segmento ST, en el Hospital Universitario Manuel Fajardo de la Habana entre los años 2016 y 2020. Resultados: Predominó el sexo femenino en el primer grupo, con una mediana de 78 años. Hubo incidencia de cardiopatía isquémica (75 por ciento y 56,4 por ciento) e hipertensión arterial (78,8 por ciento y 85,8 por ciento ). Se determinó una relación estadística significativa entre el patrón con elevación del segmento ST en aVR y las complicaciones cardiovasculares con un riesgo relativo de 5,769 veces. Conclusiones: El patrón de supradesnivel del segmento ST en un síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del segmento ST predice complicaciones intrahospitalarias cardiovasculares no letales(AU)

Introduction: The pattern of ST-segment elevation in aVR in acute coronary syndrome is associated with increased mortality. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the pattern of ST-segment elevation in aVR and nonlethal cardiovascular complications. Methods: Observational cross-sectional study, with analytical component of all patients admitted with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome at the Manuel Fajardo University Hospital of Havana between 2016 and 2020. Results: Female gender predominated in the first group, with an average age of 78 years. There was incidence of ischemic heart disease (75 percent and 56.4 percent) and arterial hypertension (78.8 percent and 85.8 percent). A significant statistical relationship was determined between the pattern with ST-segment elevation in aVR and cardiovascular complications with a relative risk of 5.769 times. Conclusions: ST-segment suprathreshold pattern in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome predicts non-lethal in-hospital cardiovascular complications(AU)

Multimorbidity in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome: insights from BleeMACS registry / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To assess the prevalence, pattern and outcome of multimorbidity in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: Secondary analysis was performed based on the data from the BleeMACS registry, which was conducted between 2003 and 2014. We stratified elderly patients (≥65 years) according to their multimorbidity. Multimorbidity was defined as two or more chronic diseases in the same individual. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to estimate 1 year event rates for each endpoint, and comparisons between the study groups were performed using the log-rank test. The primary endpoint was net adverse clinical events (NACE), which is a composite of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, or bleeding. Results: Of 7 120 evaluable patients, 6 391 (89.8%) were with morbidity (1 594 with 1, 2 156 with 2, and 2 641 with ≥3 morbidity). Patients with morbidity were older, percent of female sex and non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes and implantation rate with drug-eluting stents and blood creatine level were higher compared to patients without morbidity. Compared with the patients without morbidity, the proportion of participants with oral anticoagulant increased in proportion to increased number of morbidities (5.8% vs. 6.4% with 1 morbidity, 7.3% with 2 morbidities, 9.0% with ≥3 morbidities, P trend<0.01) and the proportion of participants with clopidogrel prescription decreased in proportion to increased number of morbidity (91.9% vs. 89.7% with 1 morbidity, 87.9% with 2 morbidities, 88.6% with ≥3 morbidities, P trend = 0.01). During 1 year follow-up, compared with those with no morbidity, the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of risk of NACE for those with 1, 2, and ≥ 3 morbidities was 1.18 (0.86-1.64), 1.49 (1.10-2.02), and 2.74 (2.06-3.66), respectively (P < 0.01). Multimorbidity was not associated with an increased risk of bleeding of various organs (P>0.05). Conclusion: Multimorbidity is common in elderly patients with ACS. These patients might benefit from coordinated and integrated multimorbidity management by multidisciplinary teams.

Influence of Factors Affecting Quality of Life on in-Hospital Cardiovascular Events of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction with and without ST-segment Elevation

Abstract Background Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), with and without ST-segment elevation (STEMI and NSTEMI, respectively), is the principal cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in Brazil and around the world. Modifiable risk factors (RF) and quality of life (QOL) may correlate with the type of AMI. Objective To evaluate the influence of QOL and RF on the type of AMI and in-hospital cardiovascular events in STEMI and NSTEMI patients. Methods This was an observational, cross-sectional study. Patients with AMI attending four referral hospitals (three private and one public) for cardiovascular disease treatment were assessed for QOL using the Brazilian version of the 36-item short form survey. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results We evaluated 480 volunteers; 51% were treated in one of the private hospitals. In total, 55.6% presented with STEMI, and 44.4% with NSTEMI. Patients from the public hospital were 8.56 times more likely to have STEMI compared to those from the private hospitals. There was a higher prevalence of smokers in STEMI (p < 0.028) patients. QOL was not associated with the type of AMI. A negative patient perception of the physical health and pain domains was observed. Although a significant difference between the physical and the mental health domains was not observed, individual domains were correlated with some in-hospital outcomes. Conclusion There was a higher prevalence of smokers among individuals with STEMI. Domains of QOL showed a statistically significant relationship with the occurrence of in-hospital cardiovascular events, with no difference between the types of AMI.

Factores de riesgo asociados a las variantes clínicas del síndrome coronario agudo / Risk factors associated with clinical variants of acute coronary syndrome

Introducción: En la actualidad, carecen los estudios que relacionan los factores de riesgo cardiovascular con las formas clínicas del síndrome coronario agudo. En caso de existir estos estudios, sería posible desarrollar estrategias de prevención más focalizadas e individualizadas. Objetivo: Identificar si existe asociación entre las formas clínicas del síndrome coronario agudo y algunos factores de riesgo vascular clásicos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico transversal en pacientes ingresados en el servicio de cuidados coronarios del Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Comandante Manuel Fajardo entre los años 2013 y 2018. Fueron incluidos los pacientes con diagnóstico de síndrome coronario agudo. Los datos se extrajeron de las historias clínicas. Para comprobar la hipótesis se utilizaron modelos univariantes y multivariantes. Un valor de p˂ 0,05 fue considerado significativo. Resultados: Se estudiaron 393 pacientes, de los cuales el 25,7 por ciento fueron diagnosticados con síndrome coronario agudo con elevación del segmento ST y el 74,3 por ciento con síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del segmento ST. En el primer grupo, la mediana de edad de los pacientes fue significativamente mayor (p < 0,001). El tabaquismo constituyó una variable predictora de la elevación del segmento ST (OR: 3,89; IC 95 por ciento: 2,24-6,73, p < 0,001). Se relacionaron de manera inversa el antecedente de cardiopatía isquémica (OR: 0,13; IC 95 por ciento: 0,07-0,25; p < 0,001) y la hipertensión arterial (OR: 0,38; IC 95 por ciento: 0,20-0,72; p= 0,003). Conclusiones: Se concluye que el tabaquismo constituye un predictor de síndrome coronario agudo con elevación del segmento ST, mientras que el antecedente de cardiopatía isquémica y la hipertensión arterial se relacionaron con la no elevación del segmento ST(AU)

Introduction: Currently, there is a lack of studies that relate cardiovascular risk factors with clinical forms of acute coronary syndrome. If these studies happen, it would be possible to develop more targeted and individualized prevention strategies. Objective: To identify if there is an association between the clinical forms of acute coronary syndrome and some classic vascular risk factors. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical observational study was carried out in patients admitted to the coronary care service at Commandant Manuel Fajardo Clinical Surgical Hospital from 2013 to 2018. Patients with diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome were included. Data were pulled out from medical records. To test the hypothesis, univariate and multivariate models were used. A value of p ˂ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Three hundred ninety three (393) patients were studied, of which 25.7 percent were diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome with ST segment elevation and 74.3 percent with acute coronary syndrome without ST segment elevation. In the first group, the median age of the patients was significantly higher (p < 0.001). Smoking was a predictor variable for ST segment elevation (OR: 3.89; 95 percent CI: 2.24-6.73, p < 0.001). A history of ischemic heart disease (OR: 0.13; 95 percent CI: 0.07-0.25; p < 0.001) and arterial hypertension (OR: 0.38; 95 percent CI: 0, were inversely related). 20-0.72; p = 0.003). Conclusions: It is concluded that smoking is a predictor of acute coronary syndrome with ST segment elevation, while history of ischemic heart disease and arterial hypertension were related to non-ST segment elevation(AU)

Associação entre Terapia com Estatinas e Menor Incidência de Hiperglicemia em Pacientes Internados com Síndromes Coronarianas Agudas / Association between Statin Therapy and Lower Incidence of Hyperglycemia in Patients Hospitalized with Acute Coronary Syndromes

Resumo Fundamento O maior risco de se desenvolver diabetes com o uso de estatinas é um desafio para a segurança do uso dessa classe de medicamentos em longo prazo. No entanto, poucos estudos analisaram essa questão durante síndromes coronarianas agudas (SCA). Objetivos Investigar a associação entre início precoce da terapia com estatina e níveis de glicemia em pacientes admitidos com SCA. Métodos Este foi um estudo retrospectivo de pacientes hospitalizados por SCA. Pacientes que nunca haviam usado estatinas foram incluídos e divididos segundo uso ou não de estatina nas primeiras 24 horas de internação. O desfecho primário foi a incidência de hiperglicemia na internação (definida como pico de glicemia > 200mg/dL). Modelos de regressão logística e modelos lineares multivariados foram usados para ajuste quanto a fatores de confusão e um modelo de pareamento por escore de propensão foi desenvolvido para comparações entre os dois grupos de interesses. Um valor de p menor que 0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Resultados Um total de 2357 pacientes foram incluídos, 1704 deles alocados no grupo que receberam estatinas e 653 no grupo que não receberam estatinas nas primeiras 24 horas de internação. Após os ajustes, uso de estatina nas primeiras 24 horas foi associado com uma menor incidência de hiperglicemia durante a internação (OR ajustado = 0,61, IC95% 0,46-0,80; p < 0,001) e menor necessidade de uso de insulina (OR ajustado = 0,56, IC 95% 0,41-0,76; p < 0,001). Essas associações mantiveram-se similares nos modelos de pareamento por escore de propensão, bem como após análises de sensibilidade, como exclusão de pacientes que desenvolveram choque cardiogênico, infecção grave ou pacientes que foram a óbito durante a internação hospitalar. Conclusões Entre os pacientes internados com SCA que não receberam estatinas previamente, a terapia precoce com estatina associou-se independentemente com menor incidência de hiperglicemia durante a internação. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 116(2):285-294)

Abstract Background Increased risk of new-onset diabetes with statins challenges the long-term safety of this drug class. However, few reports have analyzed this issue during acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Objective To explore the association between early initiation of statin therapy and blood glucose levels in patients admitted with ACS. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of patients hospitalized with ACS. Statin-naïve patients were included and divided according to their use or not of statins within the first 24 hours of hospitalization. The primary endpoint was incidence of in-hospital hyperglycemia (defined as peak blood glucose > 200 mg/dL). Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used to adjust for confounders, and a propensity-score matching model was developed to further compare both groups of interest. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 2,357 patients were included, 1,704 of them allocated in the statin group and 653 in the non-statin group. After adjustments, statin use in the first 24 hours was associated with a lower incidence of in-hospital hyperglycemia (adjusted OR=0.61, 95% CI 0.46-0.80; p < 0.001) and lower need for insulin therapy (adjusted OR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.41-0.76; p < 0.001). These associations remained similar in the propensity-score matching models, as well as after several sensitivity analyses, such as after excluding patients who developed cardiogenic shock, severe infection or who died during index-hospitalization. Conclusions Among statin-naïve patients admitted with ACS, early statin therapy was independently associated with lower incidence of in-hospital hyperglycemia. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 116(2):285-294)

Fisiopatología, perfil epidemiológico y manejo terapéutico en el síndrome coronario agudo / Pathophysiology, epidemiological profile and therapeutic management in acute coronary syndrome

Las enfermedades cardiovasculares siguen siendo ampliamente la primera causa de muerte en el mundo actual. La cardiopatía isquémica conlleva a una importante carga de gastos de Salud Pública, por lo cual es importante conocer la prevalencia, epidemiología, fisiopatología y el manejo diagnóstico y terapéutico adecuado del síndrome coronario agudo (SCA). Los hallazgos recientes indican que los primeros pasos en la aterosclerosis son esencialmente inflamatorios. Una respuesta inflamatoria sistémica a menudo acompaña al SCA, y la documentación de su presencia ha sido ampliamente reconocida como un indicador de eventos coronarios a repetición. La medicina basada en la evidencia sugiere fuertemente la importancia de la etiología inflamatoria en el SCA. Los factores tradicionales de riesgo coronario terminan en un pasaje final común que desarrolla un proceso inflamatorio en la pared arterial. El entendimiento mejorado y la comprensión adecuada de la influencia de los procesos inflamatorios en el SCA pueden llevar no solo a una mejor utilización de la terapéutica actualmente disponible sino también al desarrollo de nuevas herramientas terapéuticas. Sin duda alguna los refinamientos constantes en las diferentes estrategias terapéuticas del SCA, sumados a la combinación del entendimiento científico en el uso adecuado de los marcadores inflamatorios, los nuevos agentes farmacológicos y las nuevas técnicas de intervención coronaria percutánea con los nuevos stents y otros dispositivos intracoronarios van a aclarar nuestras dudas y mejorar nuestro manejo diagnóstico y terapéutico del síndrome coronario agudo basado en la evidencia científica

Cardiovascular diseases are still widely the leading cause of death in the world today. Ischemic heart disease leads to a significant burden of public health expenses, which is why it is important to know the prevalence, epidemiology, pathophysiology and the adequate diagnostic and therapeutic management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Recent findings indicate that the first steps in atherosclerosis are essentially inflammatory. A systemic inflammatory response often accompanies ACS, and the documentation of its presence has been widely recognized as an indicator of recurrent coronary events. Evidence based medicine strongly suggests the importance of the inflammatory etiology in ACS. The traditional coronary risk factors end in a common final passage that develops an inflammatory process in the arterial wall. Improved and adequate understanding of the influence of inflammatory processes in ACS can lead not only to a better use of currently available therapeutics but also to the development of new therapeutic tools. Undoubtedly the constant refinements in the different therapeutic strategies of the ACS, combined with the addition of scientific understanding in the proper use of inflammatory markers, new pharmacological agents and new techniques of percutaneous coronary intervention with newer stents and other intracoronary devices will clarify our doubts and improve our diagnostic and therapeutic management of acute coronary syndrome based on scientific evidence

Síndromes coronarios agudos en instituciones póblicas y no póblicas de Argentina / Acute coronary syndromes in public and non-public institutions of Argentina

El tratamiento del síndrome coronario agudo (SCA) puede diferir segó;ºn la cobertura de salud. El objetivo fue comparar características demográficas de pacientes con SCA atendidos en instituciones del sector pó;ºblico, o en el no-pó;ºblico de Argentina, las terapó;©uticas y su relació;n con los recursos de cada sector. Analizamos internaciones en instituciones de un registro nacional, voluntario, prospectivo y multicó;©ntrico. Entre marzo 2006 y mayo 2016 ingresaron 11 072 SCA en 64 instituciones, 39% pó;ºblicas (44% con laboratorio de hemodinamia) y 61% no pó;ºblicas (82% con hemodinamia). Los centros pó;ºblicos presentaron menos estructura y atendieron mayor proporció;n de SCA con elevació;n del segmento ST (SCACEST) (52.5% vs. 36.1%, p < 0.001). Los pacientes del sector pó;ºblico fueron más jó;venes, más frecuentemente hombres, fumadores, y menos dislipó;©micos. La proporció;n de reperfundidos entre SCA con elevació;n del ST (SCACEST) fue similar en ambos sectores. La utilizació;n de coronariografía en SCA sin elevació;n del ST (SCASEST) fue mayor en el sector pó;ºblico, cuyos pacientes presentaron más frecuentemente cambios electrocardiográficos y biomarcadores elevados. Un 80.2% de los SCA en instituciones pó;ºblicas y 90.1% en las no pó;ºblicas fueron incorporados por centros con hemodinamia. La disponibilidad de hemodinamia fue la variable más asociada a reperfusió;n entre SCACEST y al tratamiento invasivo entre SCASEST. Se demuestra la complejidad del análisis comparativo de sectores de salud, por la relevancia que adquieren los recursos instalados y las diferencias demográficas de la població;n, por encima de la simple diferencia de pertenecer al sistema pó;ºblico o al no pó;ºblico.

Treatment of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) may differ according to the health system coverage. The objective of this study was to evaluate demographic characteristics of patients with ACS assisted in public sector institutions compared to the non-public sector of Argentina, as well as the therapeutic and its relationship with the resources of each sector. We analyzed patients hospitalized in institutions of a national, voluntary, prospective and multicenter registry. Between March 2006 and May 2016, 11 072 ACSs were registered in 64 institutions, 39% public (44% have hemodynamic laboratory) and 61% non-public (82% with hemodynamic). Public centers presented less structure and assisted a higher proportion of ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (STE-ACS). (52.5% vs. 36.1%, p < 0.001). Public sector patients were younger, more frequently men, smokers, and less dyslipemics. The proportion of patients reperfused in the STE-ACS was similar in both sectors. The use of coronary angiography in non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) was higher in the public sector, whose patients presented more frequently electrocardiographic changes and biomarker elevation. Considering all ACS, 80.2% of patients in public and 90.1% in non-public institutions were incorporated by haemodynamic centers. The availability of hemodynamics was the variable most associated with reperfusion in NSTE-ACS, and invasive treatment in NSTE-ACS. This research demonstrates the complexity of a comparative analysis of health sectors, due to the relevance acquired by the level of resources installed and the demographic differences of the inpatient population, above the simple difference of belonging to the public or non-public system.

Marcadores lipídicos en suero y síndrome coronario agudo en pacientes egresados del servicio de cardiología. Hospital Faustino Pérez / Lipid markers in serum and acute coronary syndrome in patients discharged from service of cardiology. Hospital Faustino Pérez

RESUMEN Introducción: las enfermedades cardiovasculares actualmente son la principal causa de muerte en los países industrializados y se espera que también lo sean en los países en vías de desarrollo en el año 2020. Entre ellas la enfermedad arterial coronaria es la manifestación más prevalente, y se asocia a alta morbimortalidad. La ateroesclerosis es su principal génesis y por tanto los trastornos del metabolismo de los lípidos. Objetivo: determinar el perfil lipídico en pacientes egresados por síndrome coronario agudo. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una investigación descriptiva, transversal, correlacional en los pacientes egresados del servicio de cardiología del hospital Faustino Pérez en el período comprendido entre enero y diciembre del 2015. Resultados: se observó un aumento de los lípidos colesterol, triglicéridos, LDL-c, VLDL y Lp (a) en más del 50% de los pacientes estudiados. Los índices de Apo B/Apo A y Col/HDL-c marcaron como indicador de alto riesgo en un 67,5 y 58,75 % respectivamente. La HDL-c considerada como factor protector, resultó disminuida en más del 50% de los pacientes. Conclusiones: se detectó correlación entre el síndrome coronario agudo y trastornos en el metabolismo de los lípidos. Se recomienda realizar estudios observacionales epidemiológicos para determinar la verdadera influencia de estos factores como agente causal de síndrome coronario agudo (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: Currently, cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in developed countries, and it is believed that they also will be the same in developing countries in 2020 year. Among them, coronary arterial disease is the most prevalent manifestation, and is associated to high morbi-mortality. Atherosclerosis is its most important cause and consequently the disorders of the lipids metabolism. Objective: determining the lipid profile in patients discharged for acute coronary syndrome. Materials and methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional, correlational research was carried out in patients discharged from the service of Cardiology of the hospital Faustino Perez in the period from January to December 2015. Results: it was found an increase of the lipids cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-c, VLDL and Lp(a) in more than 50 % of the studied patients. The indexes of Apo B/Apo A and Col/HDL-c were high risk indicators in 67.5 and 58.75 % respectively. HDL-c, considered as a protecting factor, was diminished in more than 50 % of the patients. Conclusions: a correlation was found between the acute coronary syndrome and disturbances in the lipids metabolism. We recommend performing epidemiologic, observational studies to determine the real influence of these factors as causal agent of the acute coronary syndrome (AU).

Prognostic Differences between Men and Women with Acute Coronary Syndrome. Data from a Brazilian Registry / Diferenças Prognósticas entre Homens e Mulheres com Síndrome Coronariana Aguda. Dados de um Registro Brasileiro

Abstract Background: Gender-related differences have been reported in patients with acute coronary syndrome. The description of this comparative finding in a Brazilian registry has not yet been documented. Objective: To compare male vs. female patients regarding the baseline characteristics, coronary findings, treatment and in-hospital and long-term prognosis. Methods: This is a retrospective, multicenter and observational study that included 3,745 patients (2,437 males and 1,308 females) between May 2010 and May 2015. The primary in-hospital outcome was all-cause mortality. The secondary outcome consisted of combined events (cardiogenic shock, reinfarction, death, stroke and bleeding). The comparison between groups was performed using the chi-square and the t test, considering p < 0.05 as significant. In the long term, mortality and combined events were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method, with a mean follow-up of 8.79 months. Results: The mean age was 60.3 years for males and 64.6 for females (p < 0.0001). The most prevalent risk factor was systemic arterial hypertension in 72.9% of the women and 67.8% of the men (p = 0.001). Percutaneous coronary intervention was carried out in 44.9% of the males and 35.4% of the females (p < 0.0001), and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was performed in 17% of the males and 11.8% of females (p < 0.0001), with a higher prevalence of three-vessel coronary artery disease in males (27.3% vs. 16.2%, p < 0.0001). Approximately 79.9% of the female patients received a diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome without ST-segment elevation, while in the male patients, this diagnosis was attained in 71.5% (p < 0.0001). No significant differences were observed between the groups in the short and long term, regarding both mortality and the combined events. Conclusion: Several gender-related differences were observed in patients with acute coronary syndrome regarding the demographic characteristics, coronary artery disease pattern and implemented treatment. However, the prognostic evolution was similar between the groups.

Resumo Fundamento: Existem diferenças relatadas entre pacientes com síndrome coronariana aguda, de acordo com o sexo. A descrição deste achado comparativo em registro brasileiro ainda não foi documentada. Objetivo: Comparar pacientes do sexo masculino vs. feminino quanto a características basais, achados coronarianos, tratamento e prognóstico intra-hospitalar e em longo prazo. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo retrospectivo, multicêntrico e observacional, no qual foram incluídos 3.745 pacientes (2.437 do sexo masculino e 1.308 do sexo feminino) entre maio de 2010 e maio de 2015. O desfecho primário intra-hospitalar foi mortalidade por todas as causas. O desfecho secundário foi eventos combinados (choque cardiogênico, reinfarto, morte, acidente vascular cerebral e sangramento). A comparação entre grupos foi realizada por meio de qui-quadrado e teste t, sendo considerado significativo p < 0,05. Em longo prazo, foram avaliados a mortalidade e os eventos combinados pelo método Kaplan-Meier, com seguimento médio de 8,79 meses. Resultados: A média de idade foi de 60,3 anos no sexo masculino e 64,6 no feminino (p < 0,0001). O fator de risco mais prevalente foi hipertensão arterial sistêmica em 72,9% das mulheres e 67,8% nos homens (p = 0,001). Intervenção coronária percutânea foi realizada em 44,9% no sexo masculino e 35,4% no feminino (p < 0,0001), e revascularização miocárdica cirúrgica em 17% no sexo masculino e 11,8% no feminino (p < 0,0001), com maior prevalência de padrão coronariano triarterial no sexo masculino (27,3% vs. 16,2%; p < 0,0001). Cerca de 79,9% dos pacientes do sexo feminino enquadraram-se no diagnóstico de síndrome coronariana aguda sem supradesnivelamento do segmento ST, enquanto no sexo masculino este número foi de 71,5% (p < 0,0001). Em curto e longo prazos não se observaram diferenças significativas entre os grupos, tanto em mortalidade quanto em eventos combinados. Conclusão: Observaram-se múltiplas diferenças relacionadas ao sexo em pacientes com síndrome coronariana aguda no que se refere a características demográficas, padrão coronariano e tratamento adotado. No entanto, a evolução prognóstica foi semelhante entre os grupos.

Perfil de pacientes internados com diagnóstico de síndrome coronariana aguda / Profile of patients admitted to hospital with diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome

OBJETIVO: Descrever o perfil de pacientes internados com diagnóstico de síndrome coronariana aguda. MÉTODOS: Estudo analítico, observacional e transversal, com dados obtidos da análise dos prontuários de cem pacientes internados em um hospital, de fevereiro de 2014 a janeiro de 2015, os quais tiveram diagnóstico de síndrome coronariana aguda e foram regulados para a realização da cineangiocoronariografia. Foi traçado o perfil epidemiológico e fisiopatológico desta população. RESULTADOS: Em nossa amostra, 49 (55,7%) pacientes eram do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 63,88±13,3 anos, sendo 60,2% acima de 60 anos. O quadro clínico mais prevalente foi angina instável (41%). Constatou-se maior prevalência de portadores de hipertensão arterial (88,7%), além de associação positiva entre os pacientes com idade avançada e doença multiarterial. Também foi encontrada obstrução coronariana significativa em cerca de 90% dos pacientes diabéticos. Cineangiocoronariografia sem lesão significativa foi duas vezes mais identificada, em comparação com dados da American College of Cardiology. CONCLUSÃO: Fatores de risco modificáveis devem ser controlados, visando à redução do número de casos de doenças cardiovasculares agudas e daqueles com desfechos desfavoráveis. Sugere-se que a divulgação dos sintomas de infarto seja ampliada, para que os pacientes cheguem à emergência em tempo hábil de receber o tratamento.(AU)

OBJECTIVE: To describe the profile of patients admitted to Hospital with a diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome METHODS: This is an analytical, observational and crosssectional study with data obtained from the analyses of the medical records of 100 patients admitted to a hospital from February/2014 to January / 2015), who were diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome, and were regulated for undergoing coronary angiography. The epidemiological and pathophysiological profile of this population was described. RESULTS: In our sample, there were 49 (55.7 %) male patients with a mean age of 63.88±13.3 years, with 60.2 % being over 60 years. The most prevalent clinical condition was unstable angina (41%). A higher prevalence of patients with hypertension (88.7 %) was found, as well as a positive association of patients with advanced age and multivessel disease. We also find significant coronary obstruction in about 90 % of diabetic patients. Coronary angiographywith no significant lesion was twice as identified if compared with the American College of Cardiology data. CONCLUSION: The modifiable risk factors should be monitored, in order to reduce the number of cases of acute cardiovascular disease and those with unfavorable outcomes. The dissemination of information about infarction should be enhanced for the patients to search for emergent care in a timely manner.(AU)

Prevalencia de hipotiroidismo subclínico en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo / Prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in patients with acute coronary syndrome

INTRODUCTION: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) is characterized by elevation of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) with normal free thyroxine (FT4). SH has been associated with cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) such as increased blood pressure, lipid level and atherosclerosis; however, its association with coronary heart disease is controversial. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective was to know the prevalence of SH in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in 3 hospitals of the Viña del Mar-Quillota Health Service. The secondary objective was to know the prevalence of CVRF in patients with SH and euthyroidism. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A cross-sectional study that included patients admitted for ACS. CVRF and thyroid hormone levels were recorded. RESULTS: Of the 81 patients recruited, 11 (13.6 percent) had SH. AHT was present in 68.3 percent of euthyroid and 90.9 percent of SH (p = 0.16). 55 percent of euthyroid and 63.6 percent of SH had dyslipidemia (p = 0.74). Overweight or obesity was found in 76.6 percent of euthyroid and 54.5 percent of SH (p = 0.15). The median CVRF was 3 (IQR 2-4) in euthyroid and 3 (IQR 3-4) in SH (p = 0.78). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of SH in patients with ACS was not higher than that reported in the general population and there were no differences in CVRF between SH and euthyroid. We require prospective cohort studies with a larger sample size to establish incidence and risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in SH.

Major Depression and Acute Coronary Syndrome-Related Factors / Depressão Maior e Fatores Relacionados na Síndrome Coronariana Aguda

Abstract Background: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is one of the most common mental illnesses in psychiatry, being considered a risk factor for Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). Objective: To assess the prevalence of MDD in ACS patients, as well as to analyze associated factors through the interdependence of sociodemographic, lifestyle and clinical variables. Methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, case-series study conducted on patients hospitalized consecutively at the coronary units of three public hospitals in the city of Rio de Janeiro over a 24-month period. All participants answered a standardized questionnaire requesting sociodemographic, lifestyle and clinical data, as well as a structured diagnostic interview for the DSM-IV regarding ongoing major depressive episodes. A general log-linear model of multivariate analysis was employed to assess association and interdependence with a significance level of 5%. Results: Analysis of 356 patients (229 men), with an average and median age of 60 years (SD ± 11.42, 27-89). We found an MDD point prevalence of 23%, and a significant association between MDD and gender, marital status, sedentary lifestyle, Killip classification, and MDD history. Controlling for gender, we found a statistically significant association between MDD and gender, age ≤ 60 years, sedentary lifestyle and MDD history. The log-linear model identified the variables MDD history, gender, sedentary lifestyle, and age ≤ 60 years as having the greatest association with MDD. Conclusion: Distinct approaches are required to diagnose and treat MDD in young women with ACS, history of MDD, sedentary lifestyle, and who are not in stable relationships.

Resumo Fundamento: O transtorno depressivo maior (TDM) é um dos distúrbios mentais mais comuns em psiquiatria, sendo um fator de risco para síndrome coronariana aguda (SCA). Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de TDM em pacientes com SCA, assim como analisar os fatores associados através da interdependência de variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e de estilo de vida. Métodos: Estudo observacional, descritivo e transversal conduzido em pacientes hospitalizados consecutivamente nas unidades coronarianas de três hospitais públicos na cidade do Rio de Janeiro num período de 24 meses. Todos os participantes responderam a um questionário padrão sobre dados sociodemográficos, clínicos e de estilo de vida, assim como participaram de uma entrevista clínica estruturada do DSM-IV sobre episódio depressivo maior atual. Aplicou-se um modelo log-linear de análise multivariada para avaliar associação e interdependência, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Análise de 356 pacientes (229 homens) com idade média e mediana de 60 anos (DP ± 11,42; 27-89). Encontrou-se uma prevalência pontual de TDM de 23%, e significativa associação de TDM com as variáveis sexo, estado civil, sedentarismo, classificação Killip e história de TDM. Ao controlar por sexo, observou-se associação estatisticamente significativa entre TDM e sexo, idade ≤ 60 anos, sedentarismo e história de TDM. O modelo log-linear identificou as variáveis história de TDM, sexo, sedentarismo e idade ≤ 60 anos como tendo a maior associação com TDM. Conclusão: Os resultados indicam a necessidade de abordagens distintas para diagnosticar e tratar TDM em mulheres jovens com SCA, história de TDM, sedentarismo e que não estejam em relações estáveis.

Screening for symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients admitted to a university hospital with acute coronary syndrome / Rastreio de sintomas ansiosos e depressivos em pacientes com síndrome coronariana aguda internados em um hospital universitário

Abstract Objective: To investigate the prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients admitted for acute coronary syndrome to a university hospital and to examine associations with use of psychotropic drugs. Methods: Ninety-one patients who had had an acute coronary event were enrolled on this cross-sectional prevalence study. Characteristics of the study population and the prevalence rates of depression and anxiety in the sample were assessed using the Hospital São Lucas da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) psychiatric consultation protocol, which includes clinical and sociodemographic data, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results: The prevalence of symptoms of anxiety was 48.4% (44 patients) and the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 26.4% (24 patients). Of these, 19 patients (20.9% of the whole sample) had scores indicative of both types of symptoms concomitantly. Considering the whole sample, just 17 patients (18.7%) were receiving treatment for anxiety or depression with benzodiazepines and/or antidepressants. Conclusions: Anxiety and depression are disorders that are more prevalent among patients with acute coronary syndrome than in the general population, but they are generally under-diagnosed and under-treated. Patients with anxiety and depression simultaneously had higher scores on the HADS for anxiety and depression and therefore require more intensive care.

Resumo Objetivo: Investigar a prevalência de ansiedade e depressão em pacientes com síndrome coronariana aguda internados em um hospital universitário e examinar sua associação com o uso de drogas psicotrópicas. Métodos: Noventa e um pacientes que sofreram evento coronariano agudo foram incluídos nesse estudo transversal de prevalência. O protocolo de interconsulta psiquiátrica do Hospital São Lucas da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), com os dados clínicos e sociodemográficos, e a Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão (HADS) foram utilizados para avaliar as características da população estudada e a prevalência de depressão e ansiedade nessa amostra. Resultados: A prevalência de sintomas ansiosos foi de 48,4% (44 pacientes), e a de sintomas depressivos, de 26,4% (24 pacientes). Desses, 19 (20,9% do total da amostra) pontuaram para os dois sintomas concomitantemente. Considerando a amostra como um todo, apenas 17 pacientes (18,7%) estavam recebendo tratamento para ansiedade ou depressão com benzodiazepínicos e/ou antidepressivos. Conclusão: Ansiedade e depressão são transtornos mais prevalentes em pacientes com síndrome coronariana aguda do que na população geral, mas geralmente são subdiagnosticados e subtratados. Os pacientes com presença simultânea de ansiedade e depressão apresentam escores mais altos na escala HADS para ansiedade e depressão e necessitam, portanto, de um controle mais intensivo.

Relação entre ecocardiografia e cineangiocoronariografia em pacientes diagnosticados com síndrome coronariana aguda. Estudo retrospectivo / Relation between echocardiography and coronary angiography in patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome: a retrospective study

OBJETIVO: Reconhecer a relação ecocardiográfica e cineangiocoronariográfica no acometimento coronário que leva à disfunção miocárdica. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional retrospectivo descritivo, que buscou apresentar o perfil clínico e epidemiológico de pacientes em uma instituição pública/privada na cidade de São Paulo. A partir dos dados coletados, os perfis clínico, ecocardiográfico e cineangiocoronariográfico dos pacientes analisados foram correlacionados, para comparar os resultados dos exames de imagem. RESULTADOS: Apresentaram relação entre parede com distúrbio de motilidade na ecocardiografia e artéria acometida na cineangiocoronariografia 71,9% dos pacientes (p<0,002). CONCLUSÃO: A ecocardiografia mostrou-se um método relevante para inferir qual vaso foi acometido, de acordo com a dinâmica das câmaras cardíacas em pacientes sem história prévia de doença cardiovascular crônica e sem infarto agudo do miocárdio prévio.

OBJECTIVE: To recognize the echocardiographic and coronary angiography relationship in the coronary involvement that leads to myocardial dysfunction. METHODS: Descriptive retrospective observational study that tried to present the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients in a public/ private institution in the city of São Paulo. From the collected data, the clinical, echocardiographic and coronary angiography profiles of the patients analyzed were correlated to compare the results of imaging tests. RESULTS: Of the patients studied, 71.9% (p<0.002) showed a relationship between the wall with motility disorder in echocardiography and the artery affected on coronary angiography. CONCLUSION: The echocardiography proved to be an important method to infer which vessel was affected according to the dynamics of the cardiac chambers in patients with no previous history of chronic cardiovascular disease and no history of acute myocardial infarction.

Paradoxo dos fatores de risco na ocorrência de parada cardiorrespiratória em pacientes com síndrome coronária aguda / Risk factor paradox in the occurrence of cardiac arrest in acute coronary syndrome patients

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar pacientes admitidos com síndrome coronariana aguda sem prévia identificação de fatores de risco cardiovascular com pacientes que portavam um ou mais fatores de risco. Métodos: Análise retrospectiva dos pacientes admitidos com o primeiro episódio de síndrome coronariana aguda sem cardiopatia prévia, incluídos em um registro nacional de síndrome coronariana aguda. Os pacientes foram divididos segundo o número de fatores de risco: nenhum fator de risco (G0), um ou dois fatores de risco (G1 - 2) e três ou mais fatores de risco (G ≥ 3). Realizou-se uma análise comparativa entre os três grupos e se estudaram os preditores independentes de parada cardíaca e óbito. Resultados: O total apurado foi de 5.518 pacientes, 72,2% deles do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 64 ± 14 anos. O G0 teve uma incidência maior de infarto do miocárdio com elevação do segmento ST, sendo o vaso mais frequentemente envolvido a artéria descendente anterior esquerda, e menor prevalência de envolvimento de múltiplos vasos. Embora o G0 tivesse uma classe Killip mais baixa (96% Killip I; p < 0,001) e maior fração de ejeção (G0: 56 ± 10% versus G1 - 2 e G ≥ 3: 53 ± 12%; p = 0,024) na admissão, houve incidência significantemente maior de parada cardíaca. A análise multivariada identificou ausência de fatores de risco como um fator independente para parada cardíaca (OR 2,78; p = 0,019). A mortalidade hospitalar foi ligeiramente maior no G0, embora sem significância estatística. Segundo a análise de regressão de Cox, o número de fatores de risco não se associou com mortalidade. Os preditores de óbito em 1 ano de seguimento foram infarto do miocárdio com elevação do segmento ST (OR 1,05; p < 0,001) e fração de ejeção inferior a 50% (OR 2,34; p < 0,001). Conclusão: Embora o grupo sem fatores de risco fosse composto de pacientes mais jovens e com menos comorbidades, melhor função ventricular esquerda e coronariopatia menos extensa, a ausência de fatores de risco foi um preditor independente de parada cardíaca.

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare patients without previously diagnosed cardiovascular risk factors) and patients with one or more risk factors admitted with acute coronary syndrome. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of patients admitted with first episode of acute coronary syndrome without previous heart disease, who were included in a national acute coronary syndrome registry. The patients were divided according to the number of risk factors, as follows: 0 risk factor (G0), 1 or 2 risk factors (G1 - 2) and 3 or more risk factors (G ≥ 3). Comparative analysis was performed between the three groups, and independent predictors of cardiac arrest and death were studied. Results: A total of 5,518 patients were studied, of which 72.2% were male and the mean age was 64 ± 14 years. G0 had a greater incidence of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, with the left anterior descending artery being the most frequently involved vessel, and a lower prevalence of multivessel disease. Even though G0 had a lower Killip class (96% in Killip I; p < 0.001) and higher ejection fraction (G0 56 ± 10% versus G1 - 2 and G ≥ 3 53 ± 12%; p = 0.024) on admission, there was a significant higher incidence of cardiac arrest. Multivariate analysis identified the absence of risk factors as an independent predictor of cardiac arrest (OR 2.78; p = 0.019). Hospital mortality was slightly higher in G0, although this difference was not significant. By Cox regression analysis, the number of risk factors was found not to be associated with mortality. Predictors of death at 1 year follow up included age (OR 1.05; p < 0.001), ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (OR 1.94; p = 0.003) and ejection fraction < 50% (OR 2.34; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Even though the group without risk factors was composed of younger patients with fewer comorbidities, better left ventricular function and less extensive coronary disease, the absence of risk factors was an independent predictor of cardiac arrest.

Epidemiological Profile and Quality Indicators in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome in Northern Minas Gerais - Minas Telecardio 2 Project / Perfil Epidemiológico e Indicadores de Qualidade em Pacientes com Síndrome Coronariana Aguda na Região Norte de Minas Gerais - Projeto Minas Telecardio 2

Abstract Background: Coronary artery disease is the main cause of death in Brazil. In the Brazilian public health system, the in-hospital mortality associated with acute myocardial infarction is high. The Minas Telecardio 2 Project (Projeto Minas Telecardio 2) aims at implementing a myocardial infarction system of care in the Northern Region of Minas Gerais (MG) to decrease hospital morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to describe the profile of the patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) cared for in the period that preceded the implementation of the system of care. Methods: Observational, prospective study of patients with ACS admitted between June 2013 and March 2014 to six emergency departments in Montes Claros, MG, and followed up until hospital discharge. Results: During the study period, 593 patients were admitted with a diagnosis of ACS (mean age 63 ± 12 years, 67.6% men), including 306 (51.6%) cases of unstable angina, 214 (36.0%) of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and 73 (12.3%) of non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). The total STEMI mortality was 21%, and the in-hospital mortality was 17.2%. In the STEMI patients, 46,0% underwent reperfusion therapy, including primary angioplasty in 88 and thrombolysis in six. Overall, aspirin was administered to 95.1% of the patients within 24 hours and to 93.5% at discharge, a P2Y12 inhibitor was administered to 88.7% participants within 24 hours and to 75.1% at discharge. A total of 73.1% patients received heparin within 24 hours. Conclusion: We observed a low reperfusion rate in patients with STEMI and limited adherence to the recommended ACS treatment in the Northern Region of MG. These observations enable opportunities to improve health care.

Resumo Fundamento: A doença coronariana é a principal causa de morte no Brasil. No sistema público de saúde brasileiro, a mortalidade hospitalar por infarto agudo do miocárdio é elevada. O Projeto Minas Telecardio 2 tem o objetivo de implantar a linha de cuidado do infarto na Região Ampliada Norte de Minas Gerais (MG), com vistas à redução da morbimortalidade hospitalar. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o perfil dos casos de síndrome coronariana aguda (SCA) atendidos no período que precedeu à implantação do programa. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo observacional dos pacientes com SCA admitidos entre junho de 2013 e março de 2014 nas seis portas de entrada de urgência de Montes Claros e acompanhados até a alta hospitalar. Resultados: No período do estudo, 593 pacientes foram admitidos com SCA (idade média 63 ± 12 anos, 67,6% homens), com 306 (51,6%) casos de angina instável, 214 (36,0%) de infarto com supradesnivelamento do ST (IAMCSST) e 73 (12,3%) com infarto sem supradesnivelamento do ST (IAMSSST). A mortalidade total para IAMCSST foi 21% e a intra-hospitalar foi de 17,2%. Nos pacientes com IAMCSST, 46,0% foram submetidos a terapia de reperfusão, com 88 angioplastias primárias e seis trombólises. AAS foi administrado a 95,1% dos pacientes nas primeiras 24 horas e a 93,5% na alta, inibidores do P2Y12 foram administrados a 88,7% dos participantes nas primeiras 24 horas e a 75,1% na alta. Ao todo, 73,1% receberam heparina nas primeiras 24 horas. Conclusão: Foram observadas baixa taxa de reperfusão em pacientes com IAMCSST e adesão limitada aos tratamentos preconizados para abordagem da SCA na Região Ampliada Norte de MG. Estas observações possibilitam oportunidades para melhoria do cuidado em saúde.

Perfil dos pacientes com síndromes coronarianas agudas em um hospital da Região Sul do Brasil / Profile of patients with acute coronary syndromes in a hospital in Southern of Brazil

Objetivo: Descrever o perfil demográfico e laboratorial de pacientes com síndromes coronarianas agudas, identificando as principais variáveis e se elas são fatores prognósticos, com relação ao tempo de internação e à mortalidade hospitalar. Métodos: Estudo transversal com análise de prontuários dos pacientes portadores de síndromes coronarianas agudas atendidos no período de julho de 2011 a julho de 2012. Na análise estatística, foram utilizados o teste t, Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney, conforme a adequação do teste. Considerou-se significativo p<0,05 e utilizou-se intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: Foram avaliados 261 pacientes com síndromes coronarianas agudas, sendo 42,1% do sexo feminino e média de idade de 59±10,2 anos. O diagnóstico de angina instável ocorreu em 48,3% da amostra, infarto agudo do miocárdio sem supradesnivelamento do ST em 32,6% e infarto agudo do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento do ST em 19,2%, com tempo de internação média de 6,5 dias, 7,8 dias e 8,3 dias, respectivamente. A mortalidade nos pacientes com angina instável foi de 0,8%, infarto agudo do miocárdio sem supradesnivelamento do ST de 10,6% e infarto agudo do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento do ST de 20%. Conclusão: O perfil do paciente com síndromes coronarianas agudas teve como diagnóstico mais frequente angina instável e a maior mortalidade por infarto agudo do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento do ST. Nos pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento do ST, o pico de creatina quinase e creatina quinase MB foi menor nos pacientes que foram a óbito do que nos sobreviveram.

To describe the demographic and laboratorial profile of patients with acute coronary syndromes dentifying key variables and if there are prognostic factors with respect to length of stay, and hospital mortality. Methods: Crosssectional analysis of medical records of patients with acute coronary syndromes treated between July 2011 and July 2012. In the statistical analysis, we used the t test, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney. We set p<0.05 as significant and 95% confidence interval. Results: There were 261 patients with acute coronary syndromes, 42.1% of them were female and the mean age of 59±10.2 years. Of the sample, the diagnosis of unstable angina was 48.3%, acute myocardial infarction without ST segment elevation was 32.6% and acute myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation in 19.2%; the average hospital stay was respectively 6.5 days, 7.8 days and 8.3 days. The mortality in patients with unstable angina was 0.8%, 10.6% for acute myocardial infarction without ST segment elevation and 20% for acute myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation. Conclusion: The profile of the patient was male with an average age of 59±10.2 years. Unstable angina was the most frequent diagnosis and the mortality higher in patients with acute myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation. Of those, the peak of creatine kinase and creatine kinase MB was lower in patients who died than in survivors.