Intervenção educativa na perturbação Gilles De La Tourette / Educational intervention in Gilles De La Tourette Syndrome

A perturbação Gilles de la Tourette é um distúrbio neuropsicológico crónico, que resulta de anomalias ao nível dos neurotransmissores cerebrais. É caracterizada por fenómenos compulsivos, que originam tiques motores e vocais e origina problemas a nível social, emocional e particularmente na adaptação e integração no meio escolar. Este artigo procura promover um melhor conhecimento desta perturbação, da sintomatologia associada e essencialmente elaborar estratégias de intervenção educativa destinadas aos diversos agentes educativos, de modo a promover uma integração escolar e social mais eficiente.

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is a neuropsychological condition, caused by multiple disorders in brain neurotransmitters. It is characterized by compulsive phenomena that give rise to motor and vocal tics, resulting in social and emotional problems, especially in integration and adaptation in school. The present article aims to improve knowledge of this disorder, including related symptoms, as well as to develop educational intervention strategies for various educational agents, so as to foster more efficient school and social integration.

The Segmented Regional Volumes of the Cerebrum and Cerebellum in Boys with Tourette Syndrome

Neuropathological deficits are an etiological factor in Tourette syndrome (TS), and implicate a network linking the basal ganglia and the cerebrum, not a particular single brain region. In this study, the volumes of 20 cerebral and cerebellar regions and their symmetries were measured in normal boys and TS boys by brain magnetic resonance imaging. Brain magnetic resonance images were obtained prospectively in 19 boys with TS and 17 age-matched normal control boys. Cerebral and cerebellar regions were segmented to gray and white fractions using algorithm for semi-automated fuzzy tissue segmentation. The frontal, parietal, temporal, and the occipital lobes and the cerebellum were defined using the semiautomated Talairach atlas-based parcellation method. Boys with TS had smaller total brain volumes than control subjects. In the gray matter, although the smaller brain volume was taken into account, TS boys had a smaller right frontal lobe and a larger left frontal lobe and increased normal asymmetry (left>right). In addition, TS boys had more frontal lobe white matter. There were no significant differences in regions of interest of the parietal, temporal, or the occipital lobes or the cerebellum. These findings suggest that boys with TS may have neuropathological abnormalities in the gray and the white matter of the frontal lobe.

Trastornos obsesivo-compulsivo: teorías neurobiológicas / Obsessive-compulsive disorder: theorys neurobiology

Desde la época de Freud, se han ido acumulando una serie de evidencias que han llevado a pensar que el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo tiene una etiología biológica. Recientemente, los investigadores en el área han realizado estudios de neuroimágenes y estudios neuroquímicos, con la finalidad de encontrar las anormalidades responsables a la aparición del trastorno. De estas investigaciones se han derivado dos hipótesis etiológicas: la neuroanatómica y la neuroquímica, las cuales son revisadas en este artículo