Enfoque Rápido en Contexto Comunitario (ERCC): evaluando las medidas preventivas para Hantavirus en la Comarca Andina Patagónica desde la perspectiva de la participación comunitaria / Rapid Approach in Community Context (ERCC): evaluating preventive measures for Hantavirus in the Andean Patagonian Region from the perspective of community participation

Introducción: la creciente preocupación por eventos epidémicos de origen zoonótico generó la necesidad de estrategias integrales que corrigiesen la baja adaptabilidad y tensiones que se generan al implementar acciones de orden jerárquico superior en el contexto comunitario. Con el objeto de explicar un Enfoque Rápido en Contexto Comunitario (ERCC), este trabajo se propone evaluar dentro del contexto de un programa de salud pública la participación comunitaria en la prevención del Hantavirus en la Comarca Andina del Paralelo 42. Metodología: El presente ERCC utilizó visitas y observaciones al sitio, entrevistas cara a cara y grupales, precedidas por una revisión documental de la literatura. La información se recopiló en un corto período de tiempo y el análisis se utilizó para desarrollar recomendaciones informadas para los tomadores de decisiones de salud pública. Resultados: Se observo que cada comunidad enfrenta desafíos más allá del hantavirus y es esencial que epidemiólogos, prestadores de servicios asistenciales y municipalidades trabajen más estrechamente con la población local para prevenir y manejar mejor cualquier brote de enfermedad. Se pudieron identificar 6 recomendaciones que le permitirían a las comunidades un mejor manejo de futuros brotes con un enfoque participativo. Conclusiones: El ERCC es una intervención rápida y discreta que puede ser llevada a cabo por un pequeño equipo con una interferencia mínima en la comunidad. El ERCC también podría ser adaptado por las autoridades de salud pública a muchos contextos diferentes, incluso con grupos vulnerables, para ayudar a que la promoción y la prevención sean más relevantes y efectivas a nivel local (AU)

Introduction: the growing concern for epidemic events of zoonotic origin generated the need for comprehensive strategies that correct the low adaptability and tensions generated when implementing actions of higher hierarchical order in the community context. In order to explain a Rapid Approach in Community Context (ERCC), this paper aims to evaluate within the context of a public health program community participation in the prevention of Hantavirus in the Andean Region of the 42nd Parallel. Methodology: The present ERCC used site visits and observations, face-to-face and group interviews, preceded by a documentary review of the literature. The information was collected over a short period of time and the analysis was used to develop informed recommendations for public health decision makers. Results: It was observed that each community faces challenges beyond hantavirus and it is essential that epidemiologists, care providers and municipalities work more closely with the local population to better prevent and manage any disease outbreak. We were able to identify 6 recommendations that would allow communities to better manage future outbreaks with a participatory approach. Conclusions: The ERCC is a rapid and discreet intervention that can be carried out by a small team with minimal interference in the community. The ERCC could also be adapted by public health authorities to many different contexts, including with vulnerable groups, to help make promotion and prevention more relevant and effective at the local level (AU)

Estandarización de requerimientos mínimos para la formación de centro de detección temprana de cáncer de pulmón en América Latina / Standardization of Minimum Requirements for the Formation of an Early Detection Center for Lung Cancer in Latin America

Introducción: El cáncer de pulmón (CP) es una enfermedad con gran impacto a nivel mundial en el número de muertes y en costos en salud. La alta incidencia y mortalidad de esta enfermedad asociada al diagnóstico tardío, y la mejoría del pronóstico ante una detección temprana, determinan que sea una patología pasible de beneficiarse mediante detección temprana. La tomografía de baja dosis de radiación (TCBD) demostró ser un método que se pue- de realizar periódicamente a un grupo de personas con alto riesgo de desarrollar CP y así reducir la mortalidad por esta enfermedad. Sin embargo, este beneficio es tal cuan- do se encuentra desarrollado bajo un programa organizado y con participación multi- disciplinaria especializada en cáncer de pulmón. Métodos: Se plantea determinar lineamientos básicos para el desarrollo de la detección temprana de cáncer de pulmón en América Latina para que pueda ser realizada en forma uniforme, con el menor riesgo y el máximo beneficio esperado. Se analizaron las principales publicaciones referidas a este tema, contemplando la diversidad de atención y acceso de América Latina. Resultado: Se desarrollan requerimientos mínimos para la implementación de un pro- grama. Discusión: El número de programas en la región es escaso y depende más de esfuerzos individuales que de políticas generales de salud. Consideramos que estos lineamien- tos pueden servir de apoyo para el desarrollo de más programas en la región y de for- ma más homogénea.

Introduction: Lung cancer (LC) is a disease with a great impact worldwide in the number of deaths and health costs. The high incidence and mortality of this disease associated with late diagnosis and the improved prognosis with early detection determine that it is a pathology that can benefit from early detection. Low radiation dose tomography (LDCT) demonstrated a method that can be performed periodically to a group of people at high risk of developing CP and thus reduce mortality from this disease. However, this benefit is such when it is developed under an organized program with multidisciplinary participation specialized in lung cancer. Methods: It is proposed to determine basic guidelines for the development of early de- tection of lung cancer in Latin America so that it can be carried out uniformly, with the lowest risk and the maximum expected benefit. The main publications referring to this topic were analyzed, considering the diversity of care and access in Latin America. Result: Minimum requirements are developed for the implementation of a program. Discussion: The number of programs in the region is small and depends more on individual efforts than on general health policies. We consider that these guidelines can serve as support for the development of more programs in the region and in a more ho- mogeneous way.

The effects of a corporate wellness program on the physical, occupational, socio-emotional, and spiritual wellness of Filipino Workers

Objective@#The study determined the effects of corporate wellness programs (CWP) on Filipino workers’ physical, occupational, socio-emotional, intellectual, and spiritual wellness. @*Methods@#The study looked into the components of a CWP, its forms of communication, the respondents’ level of participation, motivation, and their physical, occupational, socio-emotional, intellectual, and spiritual well-being to determine their wellness status during the pandemic. The study utilized an online survey to examine questions related to the efficacy of such programs, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis to assess the respondents’ sociodemographic profiles, and point biserial correlation to test the association of CWP to their wellness status. @*Results@#The research showed that 90% of the respondents participated in their organization’s CWP, contradicting most studies that state CWP suffers from a low participation rate. CWP initiatives are mostly publicized through electronic mail, printed in memos, then posted on the bulletin board, and shared through the company website and social media. In addition, the study showed that overall wellness mean scores were higher in employees who were aware of their wellness programs than those who were not and in participating vis-à-vis non-participating employees. @*Conclusion@#The study’s six assumptions showed positive results, indicating that CWPs are beneficial in improving employees’ overall wellness. However, the per paradigm and overall wellness scores were weakly associated with participation and awareness status based on the point biserial correlation. No adverse effects were recorded in the study. In addition, the study discovered that employees were active in personal wellness initiatives, leading to high scores in their wellness dimensions. The study showed different individual wellness initiatives implying that employees were also proactive about their total well-being.

Construção do mapa de grávidas como ferramenta de controle no enfrentamento da covid-19 em belém-PA: relato de experiência / Construction of the pregnant women map as a control tool in the confrontation of covid-19 in the municipality of Belém-PA: an experience report / Construcción del mapa de embarazadas como herramienta de control en enfrentamiento-19 en el municipio de Belém-PA: informe de experiencia

Introdução:No início de 2020 a Organização Mundial da Saúde declarou o período pandêmico pelo novo coronavírus, SARS-COV-2, agente etiológico da Covid-19, o qual tem se propagado pelo mundo. Diante disso, faz-se necessário refletir sobre as complicações durante a gestação a fim de superar esses desafios que perpassam esse contexto. Objetivo:Possibilitar o controle das gestantes por meio da tecnologia educacional do tipo mapa de grávidas. Metodologia:Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência com abordagem qualitativa. Resultados:A ideia inicial identificava as grávidas de acordo como o sexo do bebê, sendo que a produção dessas grávidas se dava a partir da utilização da folha do Etil, Vinil e Acetato.Logo, a gravida da cor verde indicava que o profissional não tinha conhecimento do sexo do bebê, a rosa identificava o sexo feminino e a azul o sexo masculino, porém ao longo das oficinas, este método de identificação foi modificado.Conclusões:A experiência de vivenciar este projeto observando o empenho dos profissionais que compõe a equipe da unidade de saúde, como enfermeira, técnica de enfermagem, agentes comunitários de saúde e médico e dentistas em construir seu mapa e levar isso para sua unidade, foi bastante satisfatória, uma vez que, permite que os profissionaise discentes fortaleçam a autonomia do cuidar e consequentemente a prática laboral (AU).

Introduction:TheIn early 2020, the World Health Organization declared a pandemic period by the new coronavirus, SARS-COV-2, etiologic agent of Covid-19, which has been spreading around the world. Therefore, it is necessary to reflect on the complications during pregnancy and the importance of nurses' care in order to overcome these challenges that permeate this context. Objective:Permitir el control de las mujeres embarazadas a través de la tecnología educativa del tipo de mapa de las mujeres embarazadas. Methodology:This is a descriptive study, of the experience report type, with a qualitative approach. Results:The initial idea was to identify pregnant women according to the sex of the baby, and the production of these pregnant women was done through the use of theEthyl, Vinyl and Acetate. Thus, the green gravida indicated that the professional had no knowledge of the sex of the baby, pink identified the female sex and blue the male sex, but throughout the workshops, this method of identification was modified. Conclusions:The experience of living this project, observing the professionals' effort to build their map and take it to their unit, was very satisfying and enhanced the student's experience (AU).

A principios de 2020, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) declaró un periodo de pandemia por el nuevo coronavirus, SARS-COV-2, agente etiológico del Covid-19, que se ha extendido por todo el mundo. Por lo tanto, es necesarioreflexionar sobre las complicaciones durante el embarazo y la importancia de los cuidados de las enfermeras para superar estos retos que impregnan este contexto. Objetivo: Permitir el control de las mujeres embarazadas a través de la tecnología educativa del tipo de mapa de las mujeres embarazadas. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, del tipo informe de experiencias con un enfoque cualitativo. Resultados: La idea inicial era identificar a las embarazadas según el sexo del bebé, y la elaboración de estas embarazadas se hacía mediante el uso de la hoja de Etilo, Vinilo y Acetato. Así, el verde gravida indicaba que el profesional no tenía conocimiento del sexo del bebé, el rosa identificaba el sexo femenino y el azul el masculino, pero a lo largo de los talleres, este método de identificación se fue modificando. Conclusiones: La experiencia de vivir este proyecto observando el compromiso de los profesionales en la construcción de su mapa y llevándolo a su unidad, fue muy satisfactoria y mejoró la experiencia del estudiante (AU).

Manual de registro y codificación de la atención en la consulta externa - Dirección de Salud Sexual y Reproductiva: Planificación Familiar. Sistema de información HIS / Manual of registration and coding of care in the outpatient clinic - Directorate of Sexual and Reproductive Health: Family Planning. HIS information system

La presente publicación brinda información necesaria para la toma de decisiones, para su difusión y homogenización de criterios en la recopilación y codificación de diagnósticos CIE 10 aplicados en el control y prevención de salud sexual y reproductiva y en la atención de planificación familiar

Metodología para la formación de la competencia prevención de la salud en estudiantes de medicina / A Methodology for the Formation of Health Prevention Competences among Medical Students

Introducción: Hoy día se requiere formar a estudiantes de la carrera de medicina que sean competentes en el cumplimiento de sus funciones en los niveles de atención en salud. Como parte de las funciones que se deben desarrollar en el estudiante de medicina, se deben formar competencias para la prevención de la salud. Objetivo: Proponer una metodología para la formación de la competencia prevención de la salud en estudiantes de medicina durante el trabajo comunitario integral. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo de tipo preexperimental. La población estuvo conformada por 669 estudiantes de tercer año de medicina de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Holguín. De ellos se obtuvo una muestra de 100 estudiantes mediante un muestreo aleatorio simple. Se emplearon la observación directa en el terreno y la Prueba de Rangos con Signos de Wilcoxon para constar la hipótesis de investigación. Resultados: Se aportó la competencia de prevención de la salud y la metodología para su formación en estudiantes de medicina durante el trabajo comunitario integral, así como los principales logros y deficiencias demostrados durante las acciones realizadas en la educación en el trabajo. Conclusiones: La competencia prevención de la salud forma parte del perfil de competencias laborales que singularizan a la formación de un médico general competente. Es de tipo genérica y requiere para su formación de la combinación de acciones instructivas, educativas y desarrolladoras desde las potencialidades del trabajo comunitario integral que realizan los estudiantes como parte del componente laboral de la carrera(AU)

Introduction: Nowadays, it is necessary to train medical students to be competent in the fulfillment of their functions at the healthcare levels. As part of the functions to be developed among medical students, health prevention competences should be developed. Objective: To propose a methodology for the formation of health prevention competences among medical students during comprehensive community work. Methods: A quantitative preexperimental study was carried out. The population consisted of 669 third-year medical students from Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Holguín. A sample of 100 students was obtained by simple random sampling. Direct observation in the field and the Wilcoxon's signed-ranks test were used to verify the research hypothesis. Results: The health prevention competence and the methodology for its formation among medical students during comprehensive community work were provided, as well as were the main achievements and deficiencies shown during the actions carried out in education at work. Conclusions: The health prevention competence is part of the profile of occupational competences that singularize the training of a competent general practitioner. It is generic and requires. for its formation. the combination of instructive, educational and developmental actions from the potentialities of comprehensive community work performed by students as part of the occupational component of the major(AU)

Effect of 10% Proanthocyanidin gel on demineralized organic matrix degradation: ELISA method / Efeito do gel de Proantocianidina a 10% na degradação da matriz orgânica desmineralizada: método ELISA

Objective: This study evaluated Proanthocyanidin protective effect on dentin subjected to erosion and its inhibition on degradation of the demineralized organic matrix (DOM). Material and Methods: The tested groups were: G1 - 10% Proanthocyanidin gel (test group), G2 - 1.23% NaF (positive control 1), G3 - 0.012% Chlorhexidine (positive control 2) and G4 ­ Placebo (negative control with no active compound) and two methodologies were performed: contact profilometry and ICTP ELISA method. To quantify dentin wear, profilometry was performed. Data were submitted to Analysis of Variance followed by Fisher's LSD Test. To assess the collagen degradation, ICTP ELISA method was performed. Data were submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis followed by the Dunn ́s test. Simple linear regression and Pearson Correlation test were also performed (p<0.05). Results: The profilometry showed significantly lower wear of G1 when compared to other groups and G2, G3 and G4, which did not present significant difference among them. In the ICTP ELISA analysis, G1 and G4 did not show significant differences and the same happened between G2 and G3. However, G1 and G4 had lower values of collagen degradation compared to groups G2 and G3. Data showed that degraded DOM is a significant predictor to explain the values obtained through the ICTP ELISA. Conclusions: The results allow to verify that 10% proanthocyanidin provided less tooth wear and decreased degradation of the DOM, suggesting a good ability to prevent dentin erosion. The regression analysis also suggests that contact profilometry is a good strategy to quantify dentin wear (AU)

Objetivo: Este estudo avaliou o efeito protetor da proantocianidina na dentina submetida à erosão e sua inibição na degradação da matriz orgânica desmineralizada (MOD). Material e Métodos: Os grupos testados foram: G1 - gel de Proantocianidina 10% (grupo teste), G2 - NaF 1,23% (controle positivo 1), G3 - Clorexidina 0,012% (controle positivo 2) e G4 - Placebo (controle negativo sem princípio ativo) e duas metodologias foram realizadas: perfilometria de contato e método ICTP ELISA. Para quantificar o desgaste da dentina, a perfilometria foi realizada. Os dados foram submetidos à Análise de Variância seguida do Teste LSD de Fisher. Para avaliar a degradação do colágeno, foi realizado o método ICTP ELISA. Resultados: Os dados foram submetidos ao teste de Kruskal-Wallis seguido do teste de Dunn. Regressão linear simples e teste de correlação de Pearson também foram realizados (p<0,05). A perfilometria mostrou desgaste significativamente menor do G1 quando comparado aos outros grupos e G2, G3 e G4, que não apresentaram diferença significativa entre si. Na análise ICTP ELISA, G1 e G4 não apresentaram diferenças significativas e o mesmo ocorreu entre G2 e G3. No entanto, G1 e G4 apresentaram valores menores de degradação do colágeno em relação aos grupos G2 e G3. Os dados mostraram que a MOD degradada é um preditor significativo para explicar os valores obtidos pelo ICTP ELISA. Conclusão: Os resultados permitem verificar que a proantocianidina a 10% proporcionou menor desgaste dentário e diminuição da degradação da MOD, sugerindo uma boa capacidade de prevenir a erosão dentinária. Também sugere que a perfilometria de contato é uma boa estratégia para quantificar o desgaste da dentina (AU)

Use of iron supplement to prevent anemia in children aged six to 59 months attended at the Family Health Strategy (ESF) units in a city in Minas Gerais, Brazil / Uso de suplemento de ferro para prevenção da anemia em crianças de seis a 59 meses atendidas pela Estratégia Saúde da Família de um município de Minas Gerais, Brasil

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the use of iron supplementation and associated factors in children aged six to 59 months attended at the Family Health Strategy units in a city in Minas Gerais (MG). Methods: a cross-sectional, analytical-exploratory study, carried out with 252 children aged six to 59 months, attended at ten units, between 2014 and 2016. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socioeconomic conditions, maternal health, child's health and the knowledge of those responsible regarding anemia and iron supplementation, in addition to analysis of the child's medical records /booklet to collect test results. Descriptive statistics, bivariate association analysis and logistic regression for multivariate analysis were performed. Results: only 22.6% of the children aged between six and 24 months were receiving iron supplement at the time of the interview. Considering children aged six to 59 months, 13.1% were supplemented and breastfeeding time (p=0.006) and the participation in childcare (p=0.042), were positively associated with the use of supplementation. Conclusion: most children aged six to 24 months were not receiving supplementation as recommended by the Ministry of Health, demonstrating the need to implement prevention programs, such as the National Iron Supplementation Program and training of professionals on the importance of health education in preventing childhood anemia.

Resumo Objetivos: avaliar o uso do suplemento de ferro e fatores associados em crianças de seis a 59 meses atendidas em unidades Estratégia Saúde da Família em município de Minas Gerais (MG). Métodos: estudo transversal, analítico-exploratório, realizado com 252 crianças na faixa etária seis a 59 meses, atendidas em dez unidades, entre 2014 e 2016. Utilizou-se questionário estruturado para coleta de dados sobre condições socioeconômicas, saúde materna, saúde da criança e conhecimentos dos responsáveis acerca da anemia e suplementação com ferro, além de análise do prontuário / caderneta da criança para coleta de resultados de exames. Realizou-se análise estatística descritiva, análise de associação bivariada e regressão logística para análise multivariada. Resultados: apenas 22,6% das crianças com idade entre seis e 24 meses estavam recebendo o suplemento de ferro no momento da entrevista. Considerando as crianças de seis a 59 meses, 13,1% eram suplementadas e o tempo de amamentação (p=0,006) e a participação na puericultura (p=0,042) apresentaram associação com o uso de suplemento. Conclusão: a maioria das crianças de seis a 24 meses não recebia a suplementação, demonstrando a necessidade de implementação dos programas de prevenção, como o Programa Nacional de Suplementação de Ferro e capacitação dos profissionais sobre a importância da educação em saúde para prevenção da anemia infantil.

Farmacovigilancia intensiva de vacunas SOBERANA®02 y Soberana®Plus en población pediátrica en el Centro de Inmunología Molecular / Intensive pharmacovigilance of SOBERANA®02 and Soberana®Plus vaccines in pediatric population at the Center for Molecular Immunology

Las vacunas SOBERANA®02 y SOBERANA® Plus contra el coronavirus tipo 2 causante del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo, recibieron autorización de uso en emergencia por la autoridad reguladora de Cuba, y de inmediato aconteció una campaña de vacunación masiva en población pediátrica, lo que devino en una inminente movilización de centros de vacunación y vigilancia de sus eventos adversos. El Centro de Inmunología Molecular realizó un estudio de farmacovigilancia intensiva que evalúo el cumplimiento del esquema heterólogo con ambas vacunas, su seguridad y la incidencia de casos positivos a COVID-19 en niños y adolescentes después de completar el esquema de inmunización. Desde el 15 de septiembre al 31 de diciembre del 2021, participaron 529 sujetos entre 2 y 18 años de edad, de ambos sexos, sin antecedentes de infección por coronavirus tipo 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo, procedentes de 35 municipios y 12 provincias cubanas, quienes recibieron vacuna SOBERANA®02 (dos dosis) y SOBERANA®Plus (una dosis). Se realizó vigilancia de eventos adversos hasta 30 días después de la última dosis recibida. Se consultó la plataforma informática nacional Higia Andariego para identificar los casos positivos al virus del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo coronavirus 2, hasta 3 meses de haber completado la vacunación. El 98,5 por ciento de los participantes completó el esquema de vacunación y en el 6,6 por ciento se notificó algún evento adverso con relación consistente a la vacunación. Predominaron las reacciones locales (dolor, eritema, inflamación), sobre las reacciones sistémicas (fatiga y febrícula), de intensidad ligera o moderada. Se logró un elevado cumplimiento del esquema de inmunización, con un perfil de seguridad favorable, los sujetos con esquema completo de inmunización no enfermaron de COVID-19(AU)

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccines, SOBERANA®02 and SOBERANA®Plus, received authorization for emergency use by the Cuban regulatory authority; a massive vaccination campaign was immediately launched in the pediatric population, which led to an imminent mobilization of vaccination centers and surveillance of adverse events. The Molecular Immunology Center conducted an intensive pharmacovigilance study to evaluate compliance of the heterologous scheme with both vaccines, their safety, and the incidence of COVID-19 positive cases in children and adolescents after completing the immunization schedule. From September 15 to December 31, 2021, a total of 529 subjects between 2 and 18 years of age, of both sexes, without a history of infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2, from 35 municipalities and 12 Cuban provinces, who received SOBERANA®02 (two doses) and SOBERANA®Plus (one dose) vaccines, were included in the study. Surveillance for adverse events was performed up to 30 days after the last dose received. The national computer platform Higia Andariego was consulted to identify positive cases for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 up to 3 months after completing vaccination. According to the report, 98.5percent of the participants completed the vaccination schedule and 6.6percent of them reported some adverse event consistently related to vaccination. Local reactions (pain, erythema, inflammation) prevailed over systemic reactions (fatigue and fever), of light or moderate intensity. High compliance with the immunization schedule was achieved, with a favorable safety profile; subjects with a complete immunization schedule did not become ill with COVID-19(AU)

A comparative cross-sectional assessment of the preventive and healthy life style practices of doctors in port Harcourt, Rivers State

Lifestyle modification in relation to disease prevention and outcome has recently received increasing awareness around the world and in Nigeria. Poor lifestyle choices make people susceptible to many chronic illnesses including thirteen cancers. Medical doctors are gate keepers and educators of health.Objectives:The aim of the study was to assess the level of knowledge of healthy living and preventive health among doctors in Port-Harcourt and ascertain the practices and to investigate the barriers and facilitators of healthy living among doctors in Port-Harcourt.Methods: It was a comparative cross-sectional study with purposive sampling method. The tool used was an online questionnaire. MS Excel and SPSS was used for data analysis. Ethical approval was obtained from UPTH ethical committee. Results: A total of 201 doctors participated. With 54.7% being females and 53.2% within the 30-40 years age group. Resident doctors accounted for 42.8%. 92% received some form of lifestyle education; seminars (48.1%), CME's (47.0%), and social media (44.9%) were the top three. Just 15.2% knew what the daily portion of fruit was and 82.6% knew the cut off for obesity. 50% were aware of the recommended exercise frequency. 60% concluded that adults should sleep for 7-9 hours, however, 61.2% slept for 4-6 hours a day. 84.6% of respondents did not have a dedicated physician.Conclusion: There is a knowledge gap among doctors which impacts everyday lifestyle choices regarding, diet, exercise and rest. More doctors need their own personal physicians and hospital management should establish strong lifestyle policies.

Abrupt introduction of distance learning during the covid­19 pandemic: What psychological impact on teachers?

As soon as the COVID 19 , the Moroccan education ministry decided to adopt distance learning (DL). Our target was to study the psychological impact of DL on Moroccan teachers during the pandemic. This cross-sectional study used an online questionnaire based on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Among %, and the average age was 41.1±11.5 years. 79.1% participated in DL, 58.8% were required to acquire DL tools and 71.6% had never received DL training. Between the start and the end of confinement, we noticed a decrease in the motivation of teachers.36.2% had definite depressive symptomatology and 41.3% had certain anxiety symptomatology with a significant predominance in women. The frequencies of depression and anxiety were higher in those who had participated in DL, but the association was not significant. Depression was significantly frequent among teachers who were obliged to acquire tools to practice DL P=0.02, those who had never received training DL P=0.046, and those who were not satisfied with the situation P=0.03. We didn't find a direct association between DL and anxiety and depression, which the small sample size may explain, but we did find an association with the variables related to DL

Adolescência e juventude & saúde mental / Adolescence and Youth & Mental Health

Falar de Saúde Mental é tão importante quanto falar sobre a saúde física das pessoas. A Saúde Mental é o que somos e fazemos, incluindo as condições para este fazer, que se constituem a partir de um sentir e se pensar no mundo, por isso tão fundamental! Também se expressa nas várias doenças físicas, enquanto realidade psicossomática, e até na disposição para o combate a esses males, já que a divisão "físico versus psíquico" é apenas didática, uma vez que somos unos

Contigo MINSA. Boletín informativo 2022. Edición 7 / With you MINSA. Newsletter 2022. Edition 7

Desde el 27 de octubre de este año, fecha en que asumimos la gestión, también aceptamos el reto de darle a nuestro Ministerio de Salud (MINSA), un rostro humano, social e inclusivo que permita brindar un servicio digno y de calidad en cada posta, centro de salud y hospital de todo el país. Este compromiso se evidencia, también, en el avance que hemos logrado en los procesos de cambio de grupo ocupacional y de línea de carrera, nombramiento y homologación de los trabajadores de salud, pues reconocemos que la estabilidad laboral del personal es clave para brindar un mejor servicio a la población. Hemos ratificado el compromiso del sector de seguir fortaleciendo el Esquema Regular de Vacunación y contra la COVID-19, así como apoyar a los pacientes oncológicos, lo cual tenemos que abordar mediante un trabajo multisectorial, con planes multianuales para cumplir con los indicadores que hoy se ven trazados con políticas de Estado. Asimismo, conocedores de la realidad del primer nivel de atención y de los hospitales de referencia y apoyo, dotaremos a los establecimientos de salud, de equipamiento y medicamentos necesarios para cerrar las brechas existentes con énfasis en la salud preventiva y el concepto de médico de familia. Por último, reivindicamos el esfuerzo del personal de salud que estuvo en la primera línea de batalla frente a la COVID-19, reafirmando nuestro compromiso de seguir trabajando por el cumplimiento de sus derechos laborales

La inserción territorial en una Institución Hospitalaria / Territorial insertion in a hospital institution

El trabajo recorre la experiencia del abordaje en salud mental en la implementación del SAPS dentro del Hospital Zonal General de Agudos "Narciso López", ubicado en la localidad de Lanús Este, perteneciente a la Región Sanitaria VI. El II "Hospital Vecinal", nombrado así por su comunidad, fue fundado en 1937 por los vecinos del barrio y es uno de los cuatro hospitales provinciales del partido de Lanús. Integra el segundo nivel de atención con servicios de internación de personas adultas y materno- infantil. También cuenta con Unidades de Terapia Intensiva, Unidad Coronaria, así como con un servicio de emergencias 24hs y atención ambulatoria de diversas especialidades. Respecto a prestaciones de la salud mental, con la pandemia, se reorganizó la sala1 de psicología y quedó abocada a las prestaciones de demanda interna. Luego se fueron incorporando recursos desde la política sanitaria provincial y se implementó abordaje con una dupla de psiquiatría y psicología en guardia. Desde SAPS nos abocamos a interpelar nuestras acciones, las implicancias de transformar el rol, la estructura, y la función de los hospitales en el SXXI. Hacer posible el objetivo de que los hospitales sean puentes hacia la comunidad, de forma integrada en la sociedad y derribando los límites físicos, pero también los límites delineados por el sesgo de género y marcos heterocisnormativos.

Identificación de riesgos ergonómicos en personal administrativo que realizó teletrabajo / Identificación of ergonomic risks un administrative personnel that performed teleworking

INTRODUCCIÓN. El riesgo ergonómico es la situación adversa que surge de una inadecuada interacción entre el trabajador y su puesto de trabajo. Su identificación es el punto de partida para la corrección y prevención de daños a la salud. OBJETIVO. Describir los riesgos ergonómicos del personal administrativo que realizó teletrabajo. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo, con una población de 66 empleados y una muestra de 25 encuestas a personal administrativo de una empresa importadora de la ciudad de Quito, que realizó teletrabajo desde marzo de 2020. Criterios de inclusión: mayores de 18 años de ambos sexos; que realizaron teletrabajo al menos 60 días. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó el programa Microsoft Excel 2013. RESULTADOS. Se observaron y registraron riesgos ergonómicos en la conformación del puesto de trabajo por mobiliario inadecuado; 20% (5; 25) del personal tuvo una silla ergonómica; 48% (12; 25) un computador tipo PC; 72% (18; 25) utilizó mouse. Se identificó disconfort en zonas corporales, resaltó lumbar 48% (12; 25), codo o antebrazo derecho 36% (9; 25) y cervical 28% (7; 25). CONCLUSIÓN. Se pudo identificar riesgos ergonómicos a los que estuvo expuesto el personal administrativo que realizó teletrabajo.

INTRODUCTION. Ergonomic risk is the adverse situation that arises from an inappropriate interaction between the worker and his job. Their identification is the starting point for the correction and prevention of damage to health. OBJECTIVE. To describe the ergonomic risks of administrative personnel who performed telework. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Observational, descriptive, retrospective study, with a population of 66 employees and a sample of 25 surveys to administrative staff of an importing company in the city of Quito, who performed telework since March 2020. Inclusion criteria: over 18 years of age of both sexes; who teleworked for at least 60 days. For data analysis, the Microsoft Excel 2013 program was used. RESULTS. Ergonomic risks were observed and recorded in the conformation of the workplace due to inadequate furniture; 20% (5; 25) of the staff had an ergonomic chair; 48% (12; 25) a PC type computer; 72% (18; 25) used a mouse. Discomfort was identified in body areas, 48% of the lumbar (12; 25), the right elbow or forearm 36% (9; 25) and the cervical 28% (7; 25). CONCLUSION. It was possible to identify ergonomic risks to which the administrative personnel who performed teleworking were exposed.

Competencias específicas del especialista de medicina general integral para enfrentar la conducta violenta / Specific competences of the specialist in family and community medicine to confront violent behavior

Introducción: Las competencias específicas, igualmente llamadas técnicas o especializadas, tienen que ver con lo propio de determinadas ocupaciones. Designan aquellas relativas al campo disciplinario, de formación y de experiencia del participante. Son la base particular del ejercicio profesional y están vinculadas a condiciones específicas de ejecución. Objetivo: Determinar las competencias específicas del especialista de medicina general integral para enfrentar la conducta violenta. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y de corte transversal durante el primer semestre de 2020. Se desarrolló un trabajo de grupo con informantes clave que ofrecían atención especializada a las víctimas de situaciones violentas en el Centro Comunitario de Salud Mental del municipio Playa. Se aplicaron diferentes técnicas grupales, entre las que se destacaron: la tormenta y la escritura de ideas, las cuales, unidas a la experiencia y el conocimiento de cada participante, propiciaron el logro del objetivo propuesto. Resultados: Como principal aporte teórico se determinó un conjunto de competencias que permitieron al especialista de medicina general integral enfrentar las conductas violentas, orientadas esencialmente a la prevención y la detección temprana de esta compleja problemática de salud. Conclusiones: Resultó pertinente determinar un sistema de competencias, en términos de conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes, que permitieran al especialista de medicina general integral enfrentar el comportamiento violento, al considerar que la asistencia a las víctimas dependería de la capacidad de estos profesionales para reconocer, comprender y responder a situaciones violentas(AU)

Introduction: Specific competences, also called technical or specialized, have to do with what is specific to certain occupations. They refer to those related to the disciplinary, training and expertise area of the participant. They are the particular basis of professional practice and are linked to specific performance conditions. Objective: To determine the specific competences of the family and community medicine specialist to deal with violent behavior. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out during the first semester of 2020. A group work was developed with key informants who provided specialized care to victims of violent situations in the Community Center for Mental Health of Playa Municipality, Havana, Cuba. Different group techniques were applied, with a special interest in brainstorming and writing of ideas, which, together with the experience and knowledge of each participant, favored the achievement of the proposed objective. Results: As the main theoretical contribution, a set of competences was determined that allowed the specialist in family and community medicine to face violent behaviors, oriented essentially to the prevention and early identification of this complex health concern. Conclusions: It was pertinent to determine a system of competences, in terms of knowledge, skills and attitudes, that would allow the specialist in family and community medicine to face violent behavior; upon considering that assistance to victims would depend on the professionals' ability to recognize, understand and respond to violent situations(AU)

Abstaining from annual health check-ups is a predictor of advanced cancer diagnosis: a retrospective cohort study

BACKGROUND@#Cancer prevention is a crucial challenge in preventive medicine. Several studies have suggested that voluntary health check-ups and recommendations from health professionals are associated with increased participation in cancer screening. In Japan, it is recommended that individuals aged 40-74 years should undergo annual health check-ups; however, the compliance to this recommendation is approximately <50%. According to the national survey, individuals who do not undergo annual health check-ups are at a higher risk for cancer. However, to the best of our knowledge, no previous study has investigated the association between the use of health check-ups and the incidence rate of cancer. We hypothesised that not undergoing periodic health check-ups and/or less use of outpatient medical services are predictors for advanced cancer.@*METHODS@#To explore the relationship between health check-up or outpatient service utilisation and cancer incidence, this retrospective cohort study used data at two time points-baseline in 2014 and endpoint in 2017-from the National Health Insurance (NHI) claims and cancer registry. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate whether cancer diagnosis was associated with health check-up or outpatient service utilisation.@*RESULTS@#A total of 72,171 participants were included in the analysis. The results of the multivariable logistic regression showed that individuals who skipped health check-ups had a higher risk of cancer diagnosis (odds ratio [OR], 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.40). Moreover, not undergoing health check-ups increased the risk of advanced-stage cancer (OR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.29-2.44). Furthermore, increased rate of outpatient service utilisation was negatively associated with advanced cancer diagnosis.@*CONCLUSIONS@#This is the first study reporting that not undergoing health check-ups is a predictor of cancer diagnosis and advanced cancer stage. Primary prevention strategies for NHI members who do not undergo health check-ups must be reassessed. Moreover, future research should examine secondary prevention strategies, such as health education and recommendations from health professionals to facilitate adequate utilisation of preventive health services.

Cenário nacional da promoção da saúde e prevenção de riscos e doenças para a pessoa idosa na saúde suplementar / National panorama of health promotion and risk and disease prevention for older persons in the private health sector / Escenario nacional de la promoción de la salud y prevención de riesgos y enfermedades para los ancianos en la salud suplementaria

O cenário nacional dos programas de promoção da saúde e prevenção de riscos e doenças para a pessoa idosa na saúde suplementar é descrito em pesquisa com dados secundários de 1999 a 2019, fornecidos pela Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar. Para análise qualitativa, utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo com apoio do software IRaMuTeQ® e, para a quantitativa, do software RStudio. Encontraram-se 87 programas exclusivos para a pessoa idosa. As motivações apresentadas foram: aumento da população-alvo no Brasil; aumento do número de beneficiários da população-alvo; mudanças nos padrões de morbimortalidade; e necessidades de adoção de um novo modelo assistencial. As principais atividades foram: rede multidisciplinar de atenção; ações multidisciplinares; e desenvolvimento de um plano de cuidado individualizado. O número de programas mostra-se insuficiente em relação à demanda. Esperam-se atitudes mais rígidas na regulamentação do setor e mudanças no modelo assistencial vigente.(AU)

This article provides a national panorama of health promotion and risk and disease prevention programs for older persons in the private health sector using secondary data from 1999 to 2019 provided by the Supplemental Health Agency. Content analysis was performed using the software IRaMuTeQ® and a quantitative analysis was conducted using RStudio. We found 87 programs targeting older persons. The reasons found were: an increase in the target audience; an increase in the number of beneficiaries among the target audience; changes in patterns of morbidity and mortality; and the need to adopt a new care model. The main activities were: multidisciplinary care network; multidisciplinary actions; and development of individualized care plans. The number of programs is insufficient to meet demand. A more stringent approach is expected in the regulation of the sector and changes need to be made to the current care model.(AU)

Se describe el escenario nacional de los programas de promoción de la salud y prevención de riesgos y enfermedades para los ancianos en la salud suplementaria, en investigación con datos secundarios de 1999 a 2019, suministrados por la Agencia Nacional de Salud Suplementaria. Para el análisis cualitativo se utilizó la técnica de análisis de contenido con apoyo del software IRaMuTeQ® y para el cuantitativo el software RStudio. Se encontraron 87 programas exclusivos para los ancianos. Las motivaciones encontradas fueron: aumento de la población-objetivo, cambios en los estándares de morbimortalidad y necesidades de adopción de un nuevo modelo asistencial. Las principales actividades fueron: red multidisciplinaria de atención, acciones multidisciplinarias, desarrollo de un plan de cuidado individualizado. El número de programas se muestra insuficiente con relación a la demanda. Se esperan actitudes más rígidas en la reglamentación del sector y cambios en el modelo asistencial vigente.(AU)

Scoping review of 30 years of suicide prevention in university students around the world: efficacy, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness

A scoping review of systematic reviews was carried out to identify evidence of efficacy, effectiveness, and costeffectiveness of universal and selective suicide prevention programs among university students worldwide. Five databases were reviewed using terms in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. The following were the inclusion criteria: systematic review or meta-analysis or meta-synthesis, suicide prevention in college students, evaluation of the efficacy, effectiveness and/or cost-effectiveness of interventions, and peer-reviewed studies. The quality of reviews was assessed. The field of study features three decades of publication in high-income countries. The strategy used, the components of the program, and the target audience to which they are delivered interfere with efficacy. In the psychoeducation strategy, the experiential and didactic components are more efficacious in the knowledge about suicide. And the motivational enhancement component promotes greater self-efficacy in suicide prevention. Programs that take a multimodal approach are effective in increasing short-term attitudes related to suicide and reducing rates of completed suicide. The gatekeeper strategy delivered to peer counselors is the most effective one in the outcomes, including short-term and long-term knowledge about suicide and its prevention and self-efficacy in suicide prevention. A greater number of evaluated studies of gatekeeper interventions were identified, indicating a trend in this research field. No review addressed the effects on subgroups that were classified based on sex, racial or sexual minorities, and special (indigenous) populations. Only one study addressed cost-effectiveness, pointing out that the psychoeducation and gatekeeper strategies have relevant net benefit rates, but the gatekeeper strategy has a higher cost-benefit ratio compared to the psychoeducation strategy. The findings indicate that psychoeducation and gatekeeper interventions tend to be more efficacious when they combine education and skills training to intervene in suicidal behavior. The components of the intervention and the target audience to which it is delivered influence efficacy. Multimodal interventions evaluate completed suicide outcomes, but require greater implementation efforts, in terms of human and financial resources and more time for the evaluation. (AU)

Práticas de ajuda oferecidas às famílias em programas de Intervenção Precoce na Infância em Centros Especializados em Reabilitação / Helpgiving practices offered to families in Early Intervention programs in Specialized Rehabilitation Centers

Resumo Pesquisas apontam os benefícios da prática da Intervenção Precoce Centrada na Família, a qual propõem que é imprescindível oferecer apoio às necessidades dos familiares. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as práticas de ajuda oferecidas aos familiares em três serviços públicos de intervenção precoce, localizados na Baixada Santista-SP. O estudo foi realizado com a participação de nove familiares de crianças de zero a três anos, com atraso no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor e outros diagnósticos, atendidas nos serviços e de 15 profissionais. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas através de dois roteiros, um para familiares e outro para profissionais. Os dados foram analisados sob a perspectiva da análise de conteúdo, na modalidade de análise temática. Os resultados indicaram mais práticas de ajuda relacional do que participativa; contudo, ambas são realizadas com baixa frequência e por apenas alguns profissionais. Além disso, o apoio oferecido nos serviços pelos profissionais está mais voltado às necessidades das crianças, e em apenas alguns casos são direcionados aos familiares. Espera-se com este artigo salientar a importância de práticas de ajuda relacional e participativa, bem como a oferta de apoio aos familiares em serviços de intervenção precoce.

Abstract: Research points out the benefits of the Family-Centered Early Intervention practice, which proposes that it is essential to offer support to the needs of family members. This paper aims to analyze the helpgiving practices offered to family members in three public centers of early intervention, located in Baixada Santista-SP, Brazil. The study was conducted with nine relatives of children aged zero to three years, with delayed neuropsychomotor development and other diagnoses, and with 15 professionals. Semi-structured interviews were conducted through two scripts, one for family members and one for professionals. The data were analyzed from the perspective of content analysis, in the thematic analysis modality. As a result, it was possible to identify more relational than participatory helpgiving practices; however, both were little identified in the participants' statements. In addition, the support offered by the service is more focused on the needs of children, and only in some cases it is directed to the needs of family members. This paper aims to emphasize the importance of providing support to the needs of family members in early childhood intervention services through helpgiving practices.