Judiciary as the last resort to protect children and adolescents: intersectoral actions, investment in human resources, and structuring of services / O Poder Judiciário como última instância de proteção às crianças e aos adolescentes: ações intersetoriais, investimento em recursos humanos e estruturação dos serviços / El Poder Judicial como última instancia de protección a los niños y adolescentes: acciones intersectoriales, inversión en recursos humanos y estructuración de los servicios

This study aimed to identify the work developed by the Judiciary to prevent sexual violence against children and adolescents within the family. The approach to social representations in a cultural perspective was used. The field study consisted in the 1st and 2nd Court of Crimes against Children and Adolescents, at the State Supreme Court of Pernambuco, Brazil. Participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and focus group with 17 subjects were the techniques for data collection, analyzed through the interpretation of meanings, allowing the identification of the category "The Judiciary as the ultimate level" and the following subcategories: "The public policies to prevent violence" and "The structure and dynamics of Courts". This study allows the visualization of the Judiciary's limitations with regard to the full protection and absolute priority, and that the work along with the victims demands investments in structure and human resources.

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar o trabalho desenvolvido pelo Poder Judiciário para prevenir a violência sexual intrafamiliar contra crianças e adolescentes. Recorreu-se à abordagem das representações sociais numa perspectiva cultural. O campo de estudo consistiu na 1ª e na 2ª Vara dos Crimes contra a Criança e o Adolescente, no Tribunal de Justiça de Pernambuco, Brasil. Observação participante, entrevistas semiestruturadas e grupo focal com 17 sujeitos foram as técnicas para coleta de dados, analisados por meio da interpretação dos sentidos, que possibilitou a identificação da categoria O Judiciário como último patamar e as seguintes subcategorias: As políticas públicas para prevenção da violência e A estrutura e a dinâmica das Varas. Este estudo permitiu visualizar limitações do Poder Judiciário em relação à proteção integral e à prioridade absoluta, visualizando-se, também, que a atuação junto às vítimas demanda investimentos não só estruturais como, ainda, aqueles que dizem respeito aos recursos humanos.

Este estudio objetivó identificar el trabajo desarrollado por el Poder Judicial para prevenir la violencia sexual intrafamiliar contra niños y adolescentes. Se recurrió al abordaje a las representaciones sociales en perspectiva cultural. El campo de estudio fue el Primero y Segundo Tribunal de Crímenes contra Niños y Adolescentes, en el Tribunal de Justicia de Pernambuco, Brasil. Observación participante, entrevistas semi-estructuradas y grupo focal con 17 sujetos fueron las técnicas de recogida de datos, analizados por medio de la interpretación de los sentidos, que posibilitó la identificación de la categoría "El Judiciario como el último recurso" y las siguientes subcategorías: "Las políticas públicas para prevención de la violencia" y "La estructura y dinámica de los Tribunales". Este estudio permite visualizar limitaciones del Poder Judicial con relación a la protección integral y a la prioridad absoluta, y que la actuación junto a las víctimas demanda inversiones estructurales y en los recursos humanos.

Prevention in the United States Affordable Care Act / 예방의학회지

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) was signed into law on March 23, 2010 and will fundamentally alter health care in the United States for years to come. The US is currently one of the only industrialized countries without universal health insurance. The new law expands existing public insurance for the poor. It also provides financial credits to low income individuals and some small businesses to purchase health insurance. By government estimates, the law will bring insurance to 30 million people. The law also provides for a significant new investment in prevention and wellness. It appropriates an unprecedented $15 billion in a prevention and public health fund, to be disbursed over 10 years, as well as creates a national prevention council to oversee the government's prevention efforts. This paper discusses 3 major prevention provisions in the legislation: 1) the waiving of cost-sharing for clinical preventive services, 2) new funding for community preventive services, and 3) new funding for workplace wellness programs. The paper examines the scientific evidence behind these provisions as well as provides examples of some model programs. Taken together, these provisions represent a significant advancement for prevention in the US health care system, including a shift towards healthier environments. However, in this turbulent economic and political environment, there is a real threat that much of the law, including the prevention provisions, will not receive adequate funding.

Política pública respecto de la prevención a las infecciones de transmisión sexual -ITS- y a la respuesta a la epidemia del Síndrome de Inmuno Deficiencia Adquirida -SIDA-: Acuerdo Gubernativo No. 638-2005 / Public policy regarding the prevention of sexually transmitted infections -ITS- and the response to the epidemic of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome -SIDA-: Government Agreement No. 638-2005

La presente política, es un conjunto de acciones orientadas a la atención integral de estas afecciones, mediante la coordinación de los distintos actores sociales que intervienen y/o son afectados por las mismas, bajo la responsabilidad del Gobierno de la República, con un enfoque multidisciplinario e intersectorial y con pertinencia cultural.

Ley general para el combate del virus de inmunodeficiencia humana VIH y del síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida SIDA y de la promoción, protección y defensa de los derechos humanos ante el VIH-SIDA: decreto No. 27-2000 / General law for the fight against HIV human immunodeficiency virus and AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and the promotion, protection and defense of human rights against HIV-AIDS: Decree No. 27-2000

Declara la infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana -VIH- y el síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida -SIDA-, como un problema social de urgencia nacional. Regula sobre el objeto y ámbito de la ley, del Programa Nacional de Prevención y Control de ITS/VIH/SIDA y la Comisión Multisectorial, de la educación y la información, del diagnóstico, de la vigilancia epidemiológica, de la promoción, protección y defensa de los derechos humanos ante el SIDA, contravenciones y sanciones, presupuesto y fiscalización. Deroga DCX 54-95. 61 Artículos.