Obesidad como factor implicado en la gravedad de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 / Obesity as a factor involved in the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection / Obesidade como um fator implicado na gravidade da infecção por SARS-CoV-2

Las personas obesas enfrentan mayores complicaciones al contraer SARS-CoV-2 debido a su estado proinflamatorio crónico y respuesta inmune reducida, relacionados con el exceso de tejido adiposo. La interacción del virus con los receptores ACE2 y la retención de lípidos ectópicos renales son aspectos clave en este contexto. Objetivo. Analizar las características específicas de la obesidad que aumentan la susceptibilidad a síntomas graves de COVID-19, a partir de artículos publicados entre 2020 y 2022, y promover futuras investigaciones. Metodología. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de artículos originales entre 2020 y 2022 utilizando términos clave y operadores booleanos en bases de datos como PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, etc. Se excluyeron estudios no originales para obtener investigaciones más específicas. Resultados. De 180 artículos encontrados, 42 fueron seleccionados. Entre estos, se destacó que pacientes obesos, especialmente hombres de edad avanzada, presentaron severas complicaciones. Sin embargo, jóvenes con obesidad severa y personas con bajo peso también mostraron mayor riesgo de mortalidad. La disminución de la función pulmonar, bajos niveles de vitamina D, y la alteración de ACE2 fueron implicados en la gravedad de la infección. La hiperglucemia asociada a la obesidad aumentó el riesgo de ingreso a UCI y ventilación mecánica, mientras que la resistencia a la insulina empeoró el pronóstico. Conclusión. La obesidad emerge como un factor de riesgo importante para la gravedad y mortalidad por COVID-19, señalando la necesidad de una atención específica para este grupo de pacientes y la continuación de investigaciones en el área.

Obese individuals face greater complications in contracting SARS-CoV-2 due to their chronic proinflammatory state and reduced immune response, related to excess adipose tissue. Virus interaction with ACE2 receptors and renal ectopic lipid retention are key issues in this context. Objective. To analyze the specific features of obesity that increase susceptibility to severe COVID-19 symptoms, from articles published between 2020 and 2022, and to promote future research. Methodology. A systematic review of original articles between 2020 and 2022 was conducted using key terms and Boolean operators in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, etc. Non-original studies were excluded to obtain more specific research. Results. Of 180 articles found, 42 were selected. Among these, it was highlighted that obese patients, especially elderly men, presented severe complications. However, young people with severe obesity and people with low weight also showed a higher risk of mortality. Decreased lung function, low vitamin D levels, and altered ACE2 were implicated in the severity of infection. Obesity-associated hyperglycemia increased the risk of ICU admission and mechanical ventilation, while insulin resistance worsened prognosis. Conclusion. Obesity emerges as an important risk factor for severity and mortality due to COVID-19, pointing to the need for specific attention to this group of patients and further research in the area.

As pessoas obesas enfrentam maiores complicações para contrair o SARS-CoV-2 devido ao seu estado pró-inflamatório crônico e à resposta imunológica reduzida, relacionados ao excesso de tecido adiposo. A interação do vírus com os receptores ACE2 e a retenção ectópica renal de lipídios são questões fundamentais nesse contexto. Objetivo. Analisar as características específicas da obesidade que aumentam a suscetibilidade a sintomas graves da COVID-19, com base em artigos publicados entre 2020 e 2022, e promover pesquisas futuras. Metodologia. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de artigos originais entre 2020 e 2022 usando termos-chave e operadores booleanos em bancos de dados como PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, etc. Estudos não originais foram excluídos para obter pesquisas mais específicas. Resultados. Dos 180 artigos encontrados, 42 foram selecionados. Entre eles, destacou-se que os pacientes obesos, especialmente os homens mais velhos, apresentaram complicações graves. No entanto, jovens gravemente obesos e pessoas abaixo do peso também apresentaram maior risco de mortalidade. A diminuição da função pulmonar, os baixos níveis de vitamina D e a alteração da ACE2 foram implicados na gravidade da infecção. A hiperglicemia associada à obesidade aumentou o risco de internação na UTI e de ventilação mecânica, enquanto a resistência à insulina piorou o prognóstico. Conclusões. A obesidade surge como um importante fator de risco para a gravidade e a mortalidade da COVID-19, apontando para a necessidade de atenção específica a esse grupo de pacientes e de mais pesquisas na área.

Maxillofacial infections of dental origin: risk factors for hospital admission

Aim: to evaluate the occurrence of maxillofacial infection cases, which were treated at local hospital, identifying the main risk factors that determine the need for hospitalization of patients and the factors associated with staying length. Methods: A retrospective review of 191 records of patients with maxillofacial infection of odontogenic origin was performed, statistically evaluated by frequency and percentage of involvement, p values (based on the chi-square test) and odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among all the 191 patients, 31 had some harmful habits, such as smokers (13%) and alcoholics (1%). In addition, 39 patients reported some general health problem, such as systemic arterial hypertension (8.3%), depression (6.8%), diabetes (3.6%) and some immunosuppression (1.57%). Involvement of infection in deep facial spaces was present, with 119 patients presenting a deeper infection (62.3%) and 72 patients a superficial infection (37.7%). The most prevalent clinical signs and symptoms in the initial evaluation were pain (91.1%) and edema (90.1%), followed by erythema/hyperemia (44.5%), trismus (37.7%), abscess (30.9%), cellulitis (27.7%), f istula (16.8%), fever (16.8%), dysphagia (11%), dehydration (9.9%), odynophagia (7.9% ) and dyspnea (3.7%). Pulp necrosis was considered a risk factor for treatment in a hospital environment (0.032) and root canal treatment decreases the risk of hospitalization (p=0.002). Considering the evaluated patients, 146 (76.4%) were admitted and 45 (37.7%) were not admitted for hospitalization after initial clinical evaluation. Conclusion: there is a high occurrence of maxillofacial infection cases of dental origin, considering that involvement of infection in deeper facial spaces, as well as presence of pain, edema, erythema/hyperemia, trismus, abscess, cellulitis and pulp necrosis, represent the main risk factors for hospitalization and staying length

Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19 skin manifestations among doctors working at Khartoum dermatology and venereology teaching Hospital, 2021

Background: COVID-19 is a global pandemic caused by SARS_COV2. The symptoms of covid-19 include: fever, dyspnea, fatigue, a recent loss of smell and taste, sore throat, cough, and cutaneous lesions. In addition, some skin manifestations were reported to be associated with COVID-19. Methods: The study design is a descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study. The study aimed to evaluate the level of knowledge and practice about skin manifestations of COVID-19 among doctors working at Khartoum dermatology and venereology teaching hospital. A self-administrated questionnaire was used for data collection after an informed consent was taken. Results: Among 140 doctors working in the dermatology and venereology teaching hospital, 75.7% of the doctors had knowledge that COVID-19 can present with skin manifestations. The study results showed that about half of the participants have poor knowledge about COVID-19 skin manifestations while 25% have no knowledge, and that 35 (25%) doctors have good knowledge. From a total of 140 doctors; 46.4% reported that when patients present with COVID-19 skin lesions, they will isolate them in separate rooms and call the epidemiology center, whereas, 61 doctors (43.6%) did not know if they have a protocol for COVID-19 suspected cases. This study reported a significant association between job category and level of knowledge toward COVID-19 skin manifestations measured by Chi-square test, the P-value was 0.003 (significant at 0.05), and the same significant association was found between the year of rotation and knowledge. Conclusion: Half of the doctors covered by this study had poor knowledge about COVID-19 skin manifestations, and therefore, educating doctors in dermatology hospitals about skin manifestations of COVID-19 is recommended, besides clear and precise guidelines and protocols for diagnosis and management.

Fatores relacionados à COVID longa na população adulta do Brasil / Factors related to long COVID in the adult population of Brazil

Objetivo: Analisar os fatores relacionados à COVID longa na população adulta do Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal analítico, do tipo web-survey, com abordagem quantitativa. A amostragem foi não probabilística, do tipo intencional, e incluiu 228 adultos brasileiros que testaram positivo para COVID-19. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de questionário online. Para verificar a associação entre variáveis qualitativas, utilizou-se o Teste Qui-quadrado ou Teste Exato de Fisher e, nas quantitativas, aplicou-se o Teste de Mann-Whitney com significância de 0,05. Resultados: Constatou-se que houve associação de variáveis sociodemográficas com a COVID longa. Observa-se maior média de idade entre aqueles em que persistiram os sintomas (p=0,041). A renda familiar daqueles com sintomas persistentes era inferior à dos indivíduos sem persistência (p=0,005). A prática de atividade física esteve associada a não persistência dos sintomas (p=0,024). A hipertensão arterial foi a comorbidade mais prevalente naqueles com sintomas persistentes (5,9%). No quadro clínico de COVID-19 associado à persistência dos sintomas, identificam-se calafrios (p-valor=0,009), cefaleia (p-valor=0,0027), tosse (p-valor=0,000), anosmia (p-valor=0,048), ageusia (p-valor=0,013), dispneia (p-valor=0,000) e diarreia (p-valor=0,018). sintoma de COVID longa mais prevalente foi a fadiga (62,89%). Conclusão: Idade e renda estiveram associadas à COVID longa. Praticar atividade física esteve associado a não persistência de sintomas. Descritores: COVID-19;COVID Longa; Sinais e Sintomas;Fatores de Risco; Brasil.

Objective:To analyze the factors related to long COVID in the adult population of Brazil. Methods:Analytical cross-sectional study, web-survey type, with quantitative approach. The sampling was non-probabilistic, of the intentional type, including 228 Brazilian adults who tested positive for COVID-19. Data collection took place through an online questionnaire. To verify the association between qualitative variables, the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used and, in quantitative variables, the Mann-Whitneytest was applied with significance of 0.05.Results:It was observed that there was an association of sociodemographic variables with long COVID. A higher mean age was observed among those who persisted symptoms (p=0.041). The family income of those with persistent symptoms was lower than that of individualswithout persistence (p=0.005). The practice of physical activity was associated with the non-persistence of symptoms (p=0.024). Arterial hypertension was the most prevalent comorbidity in those with persistent symptoms (5.9%). In the clinical picture of COVID-19 associated with the persistence of symptoms, it is observed: chills (p-value=0.009), headache (p-value=0.0027), cough (p-value=0.000), anosmia (p-value=0.048), ageusia (p-value=0.013), dyspnea (p-value=0.000) and diarrhea (p-value=0.018). The most prevalent long COVID symptom was fatigue (62.89%).Conclusion:Age and income were associated with long COVID. Physical activity was associated with no persistence of symptoms. Descriptors: COVID-19; Long Covid; Signs and Symptoms; Risk Factors; Brazil

Mucormicosis de cabeza y cuello: actualización en el diagnóstico y manejo médico-quirúrgico. Una revisión narrativa / Mucormycosis of the head and neck: update on diagnosis and medical-surgical management. A narrative review

La mucormicosis, es una patología de baja preva- lencia, rápidamente progresiva y de alta mortalidad que engloba un amplio espectro de infecciones del tipo opor- tunistas, causada por hongos de la familia Mucoraceae, Lichtheimiaceae, Thamnidiaceae, Cunninghamellaceae, Syncephalastraceae y Radiomycetaeae. Actualmente es la tercera causa de infección fúngica invasiva, posterior a la candidiasis y aspergilosos, siendo su presentación clínica más frecuente la rinocerebral de origen paranasal, cuyo síntoma característico es la rinosinusitis aguda bacteriana con proyección a los dientes antrales, de rápido avance y fatalidad. En esta revisión se emplearon resultados extraídos ma- nualmente de artículos indexados en las bases de datos MED- LINE y EBSCO a raíz de la búsqueda de los términos mu- cormycosis, oral surgery y patient care management con el objetivo de entregar una visión actualizada de la literatura, respecto al diagnóstico y tratamiento de la mucormicosis de cabeza y cuello (AU)

Mucormycosis is a low-prevalence, rapidly progres- sive and high-mortality pathology that encompasses a wide spectrum of opportunistic infections caused by fungi of the Mucoraceae, Lichtheimiaceae, Thamnidiaceae, Cunningha- mellaceae, Syncephalastraceae, and Radiomycetaeae. It is currently the third cause of invasive fungal infection, after candidiasis and aspergillosis, with its most frequent clinical presentation being rhinocerebral of paranasal origin, whose characteristic symptom is acute bacterial rhinosinusitis with projection to the antral teeth, with rapid progression and fatality. In this review, manually extracted results from articles indexed in the MEDLINE and EBSCO databases were used following the search for the terms mucormycosis, oral sur- gery and patient care management with the aim of providing an updated view of the literature regarding the diagnosis and treatment of mucormycosis of the head and neck

Carcinoma oral de células escamosas en el paladar: reporte de un caso / Oral squamous cell carcinoma of the palate: a case report

El cáncer oral representa un grave problema de salud a nivel mundial debido a su importante morbilidad y mortalidad. Ocupa la sexta causa de muerte por cáncer y tienen una supervivencia mundial a cinco años cercana a 50%, en gran parte debido a la falta de su reconocimiento en estadios iniciales por parte de los pacientes y de los mismos profesionales de la salud, lo que ocasiona un grave retraso en su diagnóstico y tratamiento. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 64 años de edad con úlceras de larga evolución en la cavidad oral y quien acude a múltiples profesionales de salud sin ser diagnosticada en las fases iniciales de la enfermedad; acude a la Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala en donde se diagnostica carcinoma oral de células escamosas en el maxilar. En el presente artículo se hace énfasis en el reconocimiento de signos clínicos y factores precipitantes que puedan generar sospecha de un crecimiento maligno y así concientizar a los profesionales de la salud para promover la prevención (AU)

Oral cancer represents a serious health problem worldwide due to its significant morbidity and mortality, it is the sixth leading cause of cancer death and has a global 5-year survival rate of 50%, largely due to the lack of recognition in early stages by patients and health professionals themselves, which causes a serious delay in diagnosis and treatment. We present the case of a 64-year-old woman with long-standing ulcers in the oral cavity who went to multiple health professionals without being diagnosed in the initial stages of the disease. She went to the Autonomous University of Tlaxcala where oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in the maxilla was diagnosed. This article emphasizes the recognition of clinical signs and precipitating factors that may generate suspicion of malignant growth and thus raise awareness among health professionals to promote prevention (AU)

Lesión pulmonar aguda producida por transfusión (TRALI): Reporte de caso / Transfusion-induced acute lung injury (TRALI): Case report

Introducción: La lesión pulmonar aguda (TRALI) y la sobrecarga circulatoria (TACO) son las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad relacionadas con la transfusión. La TRALI se presenta durante o después de las transfusiones de plasma y sus derivados, o por inmunoglobulinas en alta concentración intravenosa; se asocia a procesos sépticos, cirugías y transfusiones masivas. La TACO es la exacerbación de manifestaciones respiratorias en las primeras 6 horas postransfusión. Reporte caso: Paciente de sexo masculino de 38 días de vida, ingresó al servicio de urgencias con un cuadro clínico de 8 días de evolución, caracterizado por dificultad respiratoria dado por retracciones subcostales y aleteo nasal sin otro síntoma asociado, con antecedentes de importancia de prematuridad y bajo peso al nacer. El reporte de hemograma arrojó cifras compatibles con anemia severa, por lo que requirió transfusión de glóbulos rojos empaquetados desleucocitados. El paciente presentó un cuadro respiratorio alterado en un periodo menor a 6 horas, por lo que se descartaron causas infecciosas y finalmente se consideró cuadro compatible con TRALI. Conclusiones: Se debe considerar una lesión pulmonar aguda relacionada con una transfusión de sangre si se produce una insuficiencia respiratoria aguda durante o inmediatamente después de la infusión de hemoderivados que contienen plasma.

Introduction: Acute lung injury (TRALI) and circulatory overload (TACO) are the main causes of transfusion-related morbidity and mortality. TRALI occurs during or after transfusions of plasma or its derivatives, or by immunoglobulins in high intravenous concentration; it is associated with septic processes, surgeries, and massive transfusions. TACO is the exacerbation of respiratory manifestations in the first 6 hours post transfusion. Case report: A 38-day-old male was admitted to the emergency department with clinical symptoms experienced over the course of 8 days and characterized by respiratory distress due to subcostal retractions and nasal flaring with no other associated symptoms. Important antecedents included prematurity and low birth weight. The hemogram report showed figures compatible with anemia, which benefited from transfusion of packed red blood cells without leukocytes. In a period of less than 6 hours, the patient presented altered respiratory symptoms, practitioners ruled out infectious causes and finally considered clinical signs compatible with TRALI. Conclusion: Acute lung injury related to blood transfusion should be considered if acute respiratory failure occurs during or immediately after infusion of plasma-containing blood products.

Etiologia e fisiopatologia da fibromialgia / Etiology and pathophysiology of fibromyalgia

A fibromialgia é uma condição crônica de etiologia desconhecida e desvinculada de marcadores laboratoriais específicos para diagnóstico, devido à pobre caracterização da etiopatogenia. Em geral, as alterações comuns à fibromialgia também são observadas em outras condições de dor crônica, tornando a patogênese controversa entre diferentes condições patológicas. A etiologia desconhecida dificulta o diagnóstico e, consequentemente, repercute em um tratamento não tão eficaz de pacientes com fibromialgia. A restauração de desordens sistêmicas confere amplo espectro de possibilidades terapêuticas com potencial de orientar profissionais a estabelecer metas e métodos de avaliação. Diante disso, essa revisão narrativa se volta para debater hipóteses etiológicas e fisiopatológicas no desenvolvimento da fibromialgia.

Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition of unknown etiology unrelated to specific laboratory markers for diagnosis because of poor etiopathogenesis. In general, the changes common to fibromyalgia are also seen in other chronic pain conditions, making the pathogenesis controversial among different pathological conditions. The unknown etiology makes the diagnosis difficult and consequently has repercussions on a not so effective treatment of patients with fibromyalgia. The restoration of systemic disorders provides a wide spectrum of therapeutic possibilities with the potential to guide professionals in establishing goals and evaluation methods. Therefore, this narrative review discusses the etiological and pathophysiological hypotheses involved in the development of fibromyalgia.

Enfermedad de Pompe: historia, epidemiología, fisiopatología y manifestaciones clínicas / Pompe's disease: History, epidemiology, pathophysiology and clinical manifestations

Introducción: La enfermedad de Pompe o glucogenosis tipo II pertenece al grupo de las miopatías metabólicas y es producida por la deficiencia parcial o total de la enzima alfa glucosidasa ácida. La ausencia/ déficit de esta enzima genera un almacenamiento de glucógeno en el interior de los lisosomas en diversos tejidos, incluidos el músculo esquelético, el miocardio y las células del músculo liso. Se trata de una enfermedad multisistémica que puede tener un inicio temprano o tardío de los síntomas. Contenidos: En este artículo se describirán los aspectos históricos de la enfermedad, su fisiopatología y sus manifestaciones clínicas, con el énfasis puesto en su inicio temprano o tardío. Conclusiones: Es necesario reconocer la enfermedad de Pompe debido a que esta patología es susceptible de tratamiento.

Introduction: Pompe's disease or glucogenosis type II belongs to the group of metabolic myopathies and is caused by a partial or total deficiency of the acid alpha glucosidase enzyme. The lack/deficiency of this enzyme generates glycogen storage inside the lysosomes in various tissues including skeletal muscle, myocardium and smooth muscle cells. It is a multisystemic disease that can have an early onset or a late onset. Contents: In this article, the historical aspects, the pathophysiology and the clinical manifestations of the disease, will be described. Conclusions: It is necessary to recognize Pompe disease because this pathology is treatable.

Caracterização dos sintomas na hospitalização de pacientes em cuidados paliativos / Caracterización de síntomas en la hospitalización de pacientes en cuidados paliativos / Characterization of symptoms in the hospitalization of patients in palliative care

Objetivo:avaliar a presença e intensidade dos sinais e sintomas de pacientes em cuidados paliativos nos três primeiros dias de internação. Método:estudo observacional, com pacientes adultos e idosos. Foi utilizado questionário para a coleta dos dados sociodemográficos e clínicos e um instrumento validado para a avaliação dos sinais e sintomas. Resultados:dentre os 50 participantes, a maioria é mulher (56%) com idade média de 66,7 anos e escolaridade de 6,1 anos. A principal doença de base foi câncer de pulmão (12%). Apresentaram elevados níveis de cansaço, sonolência, falta de apetite, depressão e ansiedade no primeiro dia de internação. No decorrer dos três dias de observação houve melhora em relação ao cansaço e à depressão e piora da sonolência. Conclusão:a assistência paliativa possui potencial para contribuir com o adequado manejo dos sintomas ao longo da internação, o que pode influenciar positivamente a qualidade de vida dos pacientes.

Objective:to evaluate the presence and intensity of signs and symptoms of patients in palliative care in the first three days of hospitalization. Method:observational, study with adult and elderly patients. A questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic and clinical data and a validated instrument for the evaluation of signs and symptoms.Results:among the 50 participants, most are women (56%) with a mean age of 66.7 years and schooling of 6.1 years. The main underlying disease was lung cancer (12%). They presented high levels of tiredness, sleepiness, lack of appetite, depression, and anxiety on the first day of hospitalization. During the three days of observation, there was an improvement in terms of tiredness and depression and a worsening of sleepiness. Conclusion:palliative care has the potential to contribute to the adequate management of symptoms during hospitalization, which can positively influence patients' quality of life.

Objetivo:evaluar la presencia e intensidad de signos y síntomas de pacientes en cuidados paliativos en los tres primeros días de hospitalización. Método:estudio observacional, con pacientes, adultos y ancianos. Se utilizó cuestionario para recolectar datos socio demográficos, clínicos e instrumento validado para la evaluación de signos y síntomas. Resultados:entre los 50 participantes, la mayoría son mujeres (56%) con una edad media de 66,7 años y escolaridad de 6,1 años. La principal enfermedad de base fue el cáncer de pulmón (12%). Presentaron altos niveles de cansancio, somnolencia, inapetencia, depresión y ansiedad el primer día de hospitalización. Durante los tres días de observación, hubo una mejoría en términos de cansancio y depresión y un empeoramiento de la somnolencia. Conclusión:los cuidados paliativos tienen el potencial de contribuir al manejo adecuado de los síntomas durante la hospitalización, lo que puede influir positivamente en la calidad de vida de los pacientes.

Disfagia orofaríngea neurogénica: caracterización clínica y percepción de síntomas en Antioquia, Colombia entre los años 2019 a 2021 / Neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia: clinical characterization and perception of symptoms in Antioquia, Colombia between the years 2019 to 2021

Introducción: la disfagia es un trastorno de la deglución, el cual es habitualmente desatendido por profesionales de la salud, en especial la disfagia orofaríngea neurogénica, que es capaz de producir varios síntomas, signos y complicaciones secundarias en los pacientes. Objetivo: realizar una caracterización clínica incluyendo percepción de síntomas de disfagia en pacientes con disfagia orofaríngea neurogénica de causas neurológicas y neuromusculares en Antioquia, Colombia entre los años 2019 y 2021. Metodología: estudio transversal realizado en 80 pacientes con disfagia orofaríngea neurogénica confirmada a través de la herramienta Eating Assessment Tool-10, evaluación clínica y/o resultados de video fluoroscopia de la deglución. Resultados: 71 pacientes presentaron causas neurológicas centrales. La enfermedad cerebrovascular y la enfermedad de Parkinson fueron las etiologías más frecuentes. Solo 18% de los pacientes con causas neurológicas y 33% con causas neuromusculares reportaron tolerancia a todas las consistencias de alimentos. Mediana de 16 puntos en cuanto a autopercepción de síntomas de disfagia mediante el instrumento Eating Assessment Tool-10, con puntuaciones más altas en pacientes con presencia de gastrostomía, antecedente de neumonía, odinofagia y alteración en la oclusión mandibular al examen físico. En los pacientes con causas neurológicas hubo mayor presencia de signos motores linguales y apraxias orofaciales. Conclusión: existen características clínicas como sensación de comida pegada, dificultad para tragar alimentos sólidos, tos y ahogo al tragar, que son útiles en el reconocimiento de casos de disfagia orofaríngea, y apoyan que esta genera más síntomas que signos al examen físico en pacientes con condiciones neurológicas y neuromusculares.

Introduction: dysphagia is a swallowing disorder that is usually neglected by health professionals, especially neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia, which can produce various symptoms, signs and secondary complications in patients. Objective: to perform a clinical characterization, including perception of dysphagia symptoms, in patients with neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia of neurological and neuromuscular causes in Antioquia, Colombia between 2019 and 2021. Methodology: cross-sectional study conducted in 80 patients with neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia confirmed through the Eating Assessment Tool-10, clinical assessment and/ or video fluoroscopy results of swallowing. Results: 71 patients presented central neurological causes. Cerebrovascular disease and Parkinson's disease were the most frequent etiologies. Only 18% of patients with neurological causes and 33% with neuromuscular causes reported tolerance to all food consistencies. Median of 16 points in terms of self-perception of dysphagia symptoms using the Eating Assessment Tool-10, with higher scores in patients with gastrostomy, a history of pneumonia, odynophagia, and abnormal mandibular occlusion on physical examination. In patients with neurological causes, there was a greater presence of lingual motor signs and orofacial apraxia. Conclusion: there are clinical characteristics such as a sensation of stuck food, difficulty swallowing solid foods, coughing, and choking when swallowing, which are useful in recognizing cases of oropharyngeal dysphagia, and support that this generates more symptoms than signs on physical examination in patients with neurological and neuromuscular conditions.

Evaluación de síntomas neuropsiquiátricos para la detección temprana de trastorno neurocognoscitivo / Evaluation of neuropsychiatry symptoms for the early detection of neurocognitive disorder

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN: El diagnóstico oportuno del trastorno neurocognitivo es de los principales retos en la atención de los trastornos neurocognitivos. Por esto, se han generado estrategias para la detección preclínica de la enfermedad, entre ellas las destinadas a evaluar síntomas neuropsiquiátricos (NPS) como la escala Mild Behavior Impairment - Checklist (MBI-C). MÉTODOS: Inicialmente se realizó una búsqueda en BVSalud, Medline y PsycNet, luego se realizó una búsqueda en bola de nieve. Se incluyeron términos referentes a deterioro comportamental leve (abarcando los NPS en etapas tempranas), deterioro cognitivo leve y términos específicos del MBI-C. RESULTADOS: La presencia de NPS se asocia con un aumento en la incidencia anual de demencia. Al evaluarlos con MBI-C, su puntuación se correlaciona con biomarcadores como una mayor atrofia cortical, la presencia de la proteína β-amiloide, así como disminución en funciones ejecutivas como la capacidad de enfocar la atención y la memoria de trabajo. DISCUSIÓN: Los hallazgos en la literatura sugieren la utilidad de MBI-C como marcador de neurodegeneración en estadios previos a la demencia, esto mediante la evaluación de su capacidad predictiva de forma independiente y al compararla con otros biomarcadores. CONCLUSIONES: MBI-C supone ser un instrumento de fácil aplicabilidad e interpretación, sostenible e incluyente. Sin embargo, quedan vacíos sobre la pertinencia de esta escala, por lo que surge la necesidad de investigar este tema.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Early diagnosis of neurocognitive disorder is the main challenge of dementia health attention. Therefore, strategies for preclinical detection of the disease have been created, like those intended to evaluate neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), like the Mild Behavior Impairment - Checklist (MBI-C). METHODS: Research was performed in BVSalud, Medline, and Psynet. Then a snowball sampling was done. The terms included were mild behavioral impairment (included NPS in initial stages), mild cognitive impairment, and specific terms of MBI-C. RESULTS: The presence of NPS increase the incidence of dementia, with an annual conversion rate of 9%. About MBI-C, the score has been related to biomarkers like worse brain atrophy in patients with Parkinson's Disease and a positive relationship with the presence of B-amyloid protein. Also, Creese and cols. show that mild behavioral impairment (measured by MBI-C) is associated with a faster decrease in attention and working memory. DISCUSSION: MBI-C utility as a neurodegenerative marker has been demonstrated to detect cognitive, neuropsychiatry, and functional symptoms that may precede dementia by evaluating its predictive capacity alone and comparing it to other biomarkers. CONCLUSION: MBI-C is easy to apply and interpret, is sustainable and inclusive. However, there are still gaps in the relevance of the scale, so there is the need to continue investigating this topic.

Consequências da violência contra enfermeiros no contexto do atendimento pré-hospitalar / Consequences of violence against nurses in the context of pre-hospital care / Consecuencias de la violencia contra las enfermeras en el contexto de la atención prehospitalaria

Objetivo: Identificar as consequências da violência no trabalho sofridas por enfermeiros do atendimento pré-hospitalar. Métodos: Estudo transversal, descritivo, realizado com 67 enfermeiros de um serviço de atendimento pré-hospitalar do município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Os dados foram analisados com a utilização da Janela de Johari. Resultados: Destacaram-se como consequências da violência no trabalho queixas de medo, estresse, ansiedade, insônia, irritabilidade, desmotivação laboral, taquicardia, dor de cabeça, tristeza, desânimo, hipertensão arterial, precordialgia, ganho de peso, necessidade de assistência psicológica e psiquiátrica com a prescrição de medicalização. Conclusão: A violência no trabalho do atendimento pré-hospitalar provoca consequências que envolvem as dimensões físicas e emocionais. Faz-se necessária a discussão e reflexão no plano institucional, com a participação dos profissionais, sobre as características do ambiente de trabalho, riscos, exposições, doenças relacionadas ao trabalho, nexo causal e as consequências da violência no trabalho. (AU)

Objective: Identify the consequences of violence at work suffered by nurses in pre-hospital care. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted with 67 nurses from a pre-hospital care service in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The data were analyzed using the Johari's Window. Results: Complaints of fear, stress, anxiety, insomnia irritability, work demotivation, tachycardia, headache, sadness, discouragement, hypertension, precordialgia, weight gain, need for psychological and psychiatric care with the prescription of medicalization were highlighted as consequences of violence at work. Conclusion: Violence at work in pre-hospital care causes consequences that involve the physical and emotional dimensions. It is necessary to discuss and reflect at the institutional level, with the participation of professionals, on the characteristics of the work environment, risks, exposures, work-related diseases, causal link and the consequences of violence at work. (AU)

Objetivo: Identificar las consecuencias de la violencia en el trabajo que sufren los enfermeros en la atención prehospitalaria. Métodos: Estudio transversal y descriptivo realizado con 67 enfermeros de un servicio de atención prehospitalaria en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro, Brasil. Los datos fueron analizados usando la Ventana Johari. Resultados: Las quejas por miedo, estrés, ansiedad, insomnio, irritabilidad, desmotivación del trabajo, taquicardia, dolor de cabeza, tristeza, desánimo, hipertensión, precordialgia, aumento de peso, necesidad de atención psicológica y psiquiátrica con prescripción de medicalización se destacaron como consecuencias de la violencia en el trabajo. Conclusión: La violencia en el trabajo en la atención prehospitalaria causa consecuencias que involucran las dimensiones física y emocional. Es necesario discutir y reflexionar a nivel institucional, con la participación de los profesionales, sobre las características del entorno de trabajo, riesgos, exposiciones, enfermedades relacionadas con el trabajo, relación causal y consecuencias de la violencia en el trabajo. (AU)

Infecção materna por SARS-CoV-2: descrição das notificações em gestantes / Maternal infection by SARS-CoV-2: description of notifications in pregnant women

Objetivo: Caracterizar as notificações de infecção por SARS-CoV-2 em gestantes em um município do sul de Santa Catarina. Métodos: Estudo transversal que avaliou as notificações de casos suspeitos de infecção por SARS-CoV-2 em gestantes no município de Tubarão, Santa Catarina, de março de 2020 a outubro de 2021. Coletaram-se os dados das fichas de notificação de infecção por SARS-CoV-2 da Fundação Municipal de Saúde e no Prontuário Eletrônico do Cidadão (PEC) das gestantes notificadas. A comparação da prevalência de confirmação segundo sintomas apresentados e características maternas foi realizada pela razão de prevalência (RP), com intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95%. Resultados: Foram registradas 555 notificações de gestantes suspeitas para a COVID-19, correspondentes a 487 mulheres. A prevalência de confirmação para a doença foi de 27,3%. O sintoma mais frequente no momento da notificação foi cefaleia (53,0%), entretanto o mais associado à confirmação foi a anosmia (RP: 2,28; IC 95%: 1,68-3,09). Das notificações registradas, 35,0% foram realizadas por gestantes que tiveram contato com casos suspeitos ou confirmados de COVID-19. O contato prévio foi mais relatado por gestantes assintomáticas, em comparação às gestantes que apresentaram sintomas (RP: 1,46; IC 95%: 1,12-1,91). Mulheres que relataram contato prévio com suspeitos ou confirmados para a COVID-19 apresentaram maior frequência de doença confirmada, quando comparadas às gestantes não expostas (RP: 1,80; IC 95%: 1,35-2,39). Conclusão: As gestantes, por terem maior susceptibilidade a surtos de doenças e gravidade do quadro, podem ter adotado com mais atenção medidas como a realização de testes diagnósticos quando em contato prévio com casos de COVID-19, mesmo assintomáticas.

Objective: To characterize the notifications of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women in a city in the South of Santa Catarina. Methods: Cross-sectional study that evaluated notifications of suspected cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women in the municipality of Tubarão, Santa Catarina, from March 2020 to October 2021. Data were collected from the SARS-CoV-2 infection notification forms from the Municipal Health Foundation, and from the Citizen's Electronic Health Record of the notified pregnant women. The comparison of the prevalence of confirmation according to symptoms and maternal characteristics was performed using the Prevalence Ratio (PR), with a confidence interval (CI) of 95%. Results: 555 notifications of suspected pregnant women for COVID-19 were registered, corresponding to 487 women. The prevalence of confirmation for the disease was 27.3%. The most frequent symptom at the time of notification was headache (53.0%), however, the most associated with confirmation was anosmia (PR: 2.28; 95% CI: 1.68-3.09). Of the notifications registered, 35.0% were made by pregnant women who had contact with suspected or confirmed cases of COVID-19. The previous contact was more frequently reported by asymptomatic pregnant women compared to pregnant women who had symptoms (PR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.12-1.91). Women who reported previous contact with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 had a higher frequency of confirmed disease when compared to unexposed pregnant women (PR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.35-2.39). Conclusion: Pregnant women, due to their greater susceptibility to disease outbreaks and disease severity, may have adopted more attentive measures such as diagnostic testing in the face of previous contact with cases of COVID-19, even if asymptomatic.

Ataxia-telangiectasia: una revisión desde la etiopatogenia al manejo actual con descripción de casos reportados en Perú / Ataxia telangiectasia: A review from etiopathogenesis to current management with a description of reported cases in Peru

La Ataxia-Telangiectasia (AT) es una rara enfermedad de herencia autosómica recesiva y de afección multisistémica, caracterizada por ataxia progresiva, inmunodeficiencia variable con infecciones recurrentes, riesgo incrementado de neoplasias con o sin telangiectasias óculo-cutáneas. La AT es causada por variantes patogénicas bialélicas en el gen ATM. Su diagnóstico se basa en la sospecha de un cuadro clínico compatible, niveles elevados de alfafetoproteína, atrofia cerebelosa y estudios genéticos. No existe tratamiento curativo de AT y su manejo se basa en medidas de soporte y prevención de complicaciones y asesoramiento genético. En esta revisión, actualizamos la epidemiología, manifestaciones clínicas, diagnóstico y tratamiento de AT incluyendo una búsqueda de casos publicados en el Perú.

Ataxia-Telangiectasia (AT) is a rare autosomal recessive disease with multisystemic involvement, characterized by slowly progressive ataxia, variable immunodeficiency with recurrent infections, increased risk of neoplasms with or without oculocutaneous telangiectasias. AT is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants within the ATM gene. Its diagnosis is based on suspicion of a compatible clinical symptomatology, increased levels of alpha-fetoprotein, cerebellar atrophy, and genetic testing. There is no curative treatment for AT and its management is based on supportive and preventive measures of eventual complications and genetic counseling. This review updates the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of AT, including a search for cases published in Peru.

Síntesis de evidencia. Covid persistente / Evidence synthesis. persistent covid

El término Covid persistente fue utilizado por primera vez por la Dra. Elisa Perego, como un hashtag de Twitter en mayo de 2020. Describía su propia experiencia de una condición cíclica multifásica, que difería de la evolución clínica característica de Covid-19 tanto en sintomatología como en tiempo. El término Covid persistente o 'Long Covid' tiene varios nombres dependiendo de la literatura consultada: 'secuelas post-agudas de Covid-19', 'Covid¬-19 en curso', 'síndrome crónico de Covid', 'Covid de larga distancia' (Long haulers) y 'condición post-Covid-19', esta última es la utilizada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y todas son consideradas por los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC) como 'condiciones pos Covid. Aún no existe consenso en cuanto al reconocimiento de Covid persistente como entidad clínica, así como tampoco en cuanto a su nombre y criterios diagnósticos. Sin embargo, dada la alta prevalencia de la sintomatología a la que se le asocia, es imperativo que los servicios y las políticas de salud prioricen su atención. A la vez, es necesario efectuar estudios a futuro para identificar en detalle los diferentes subtipos de Covid persistente y, permitir así, su atención médica estratificada sin que los servicios de salud no se vean abrumados.

The term persistent Covid was used for the first time by Dr. Elisa Perego, as a Twitter hashtag in May 2020. It described her own experience of a multiphasic cyclical condition, which differed from the characteristic clinical evolution of Covid-19 both in symptomatology as in time The term persistent Covid or 'Long Covid' has several names depending on the literature consulted: 'post-acute sequelae of Covid-19', 'Covid¬-19 in progress', 'chronic Covid syndrome', 'Long-distance Covid ' (Long haulers) and 'post-Covid-19 condition', the latter is the one used by the World Health Organization (WHO) and all are considered by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as ' post covid conditions. There is still no consensus regarding the recognition of persistent Covid as a clinical entity, nor regarding its name and diagnostic criteria. However, given the high prevalence of the symptoms to which it is associated, it is imperative that health services and policies prioritize care. At the same time, it is necessary to carry out future studies to identify in detail the different subtypes of persistent Covid and, thus, allow their stratified medical care without the health services being overwhelmed.

Saúde bucal e condições sistêmicas em idosos da Baixada Fluminense: coorte retrospectivo / Oral health and systemic conditions in elderly people from Baixada Fluminense: retrospective cohort

O equilíbrio sistêmico e a saúde bucal são condições clínicas que estabelecem entre si uma relação multidimensional capaz de exercer grande impacto sobre o bem-estar cotidiano do indivíduo. As disfunções metabólicas associadas ao estado nutricional e a perda da capacidade muscular geram uma maior necessidade de cuidados em pessoas idosas. Sob o ponto de vista odontológico a presença de dentes naturais bem como o grau de doença periodontal, estão associados a competência mastigatória e, desta forma, são fatores determinantes na saúde da população acima dos 60 anos de idade. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar, através da análise retrospectiva dos últimos 05 anos, a relação entre a saúde bucal e as condições sistêmicas de indivíduos acima de 60 anos residentes na Baixada Fluminense (Rio de Janeiro/Brasil) com evidente crescimento demográfico populacional. Para isso foram analisados 11.390 prontuários de pacientes usuários da Clínica Odontológica da Universidade Iguaçu/RJ sendo selecionados 1.125 que atendiam aos critérios de inclusão. Os resultados destacam a presença de doença periodontal em cerca de 56% dos indivíduos diabéticos, além de 43% com quadro hipertensivo no momento do atendimento apontando para uma importante relação entre a atenção com a saúde bucal da população assistida nessa região e suas condições sistêmicas.

Systemic balance and oral health are clinical conditions that establish a multidimensional relationship capable of having a great impact on the individual's daily well-being. Metabolic dysfunctions associated with nutritional status and loss of muscle capacity generate a greater need for care in the elderly. From the dental point of view, the presence of natural teeth, as well as the degree of periodontal disease, are associated with masticatory competence and, thus, are determining factors in the health of the population over 60 years of age. The present study aimed to describe descriptively, through the retrospective analysis of the last 05 years, the relationship between oral health and the systemic conditions of individuals over 60 years old living in the Baixada Fluminense (Rio de Janeiro / Brazil) with evident population demographic growth. For that purpose, 11,390 medical records of patients who were users of the Clínica Odontológica of Universidade Iguaçu / RJ were analyzed, 1,125 who met the inclusion criteria were selected. The results highlight the presence of periodontal disease in about 56% of diabetic individuals, in addition to 43% with the hypertensive condition at the time of care, pointing to an important relationship between the attention to the oral health of the assisted population in this region and their systemic conditions.