Revisión rápida: contaminación del aire y morbimortalidad por Covid-19 / Quick review: air pollution and morbi-mortality by Covid-19

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia sobre la relación entre la contaminación del aire y un riesgo mayor de morbimortalidad por Covid-19. Material y métodos: Se utilizó una adaptación de la metodología de revisiones rápidas de Cochrane. La búsqueda se realizó en PubMed y MedRxiv y se limitó hasta el 28 y 26 de abril, respectivamente. Los títulos y resúmenes fueron revisados por cinco investigadores que, a su vez, revisaron los textos completos de la selección final. Resultados: Se encontraron 450 manuscritos, 15 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. La evidencia encontrada reporta que la incidencia y el riesgo de morbilidad y mortalidad por Covid-19 se incrementan con la exposición crónica y aguda a la contaminación del aire, particularmente a material particulado (PM2.5, PM10) y dióxido de nitrógeno. Conclusiones: Se requieren más estudios especialmente en ciudades latinoamericanas. Es necesario fortalecer las recomendaciones en las ciudades con mayores niveles de contaminantes y reducir sus emisiones.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the evidence on the relationship between air pollution and an increased risk of morbidity and mortality from Covid-19. Materials and methods: An adaptation of the Cochrane rapid review methodology was used. The search was performed in PubMed and MedRxiv and was limited until April 28 and 26, respectively. The titles and abstracts were reviewed by five researchers who, in turn, reviewed the full texts of the final selection. Results: 450 manuscripts were found, 15 met the inclusion criteria. The evidence reports that the incidence and risk of morbidity and mortality from Covid-19 increase with chronic and acute exposure to air pollution, particularly to particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10) and nitrogen dioxide. Conclusions: More studies are required especially in Latin American cities. It is necessary to strengthen the recommendations in cities with higher levels of pollutants and to reduce their emissions.

Quantitative measurement of influenza virus replication using consecutive bronchoalveolar lavage in the lower respiratory tract of a ferret model

The ferret is an established animal model of influenza virus infection. Although viral replication in the upper respiratory tract is usually measured with consecutively collected nasal washes, daily evaluation of viral replication in the lung is limited because a large numbers of ferrets need to be sacrificed at consecutive time points. To overcome this limitation, we performed a virus quantification assay using bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. This non-invasive BAL technique allows consecutive quantification of virus replication in the lungs of living ferrets. Our method can be used for the longitudinal evaluation of virus tropism in the lower respiratory tract.

Determinaçäo sorológica da arterite viral eqüina em eqüinos hígidos, com abortamento e com sintomas de alteraçäo do sistema respiratório / Serological determination of equine arteritis virus in horses with abortion and symptoms of respiratory alteration

Foi pesquisada a presença de anticorpos antivírus da arterite viral dos eqüinos em cavalos criados no estado de Säo Paulo que apresentaram sintomas de alteraçäo do sistema respiratório ou abortamento, e comparados os resultados com animais criados nas mesmas propriedades e que näo apresentavam os referidos sintomas. Os resultados positivos observados nos dois grupos, de 23,52 por cento e 10,34 por cento, respectivamente, para o grupo de animais com quadro respiratório e abortamento, näo foi estatisticamente diferente dos animais assintomáticos (19,33 por cento). Considerando-se a raça dos animais, pode-se observar maior ocorrência de animais soropositivos nas raças Mangalarga, Arabe e Quarto de Milha, quando comparados aos das raças Andaluz e Puro-Sangue Inglês, bem como aos mestiços.