Prevenção do suicídio: esquecimento do ser e era da técnica / Suicide prevention: forgetfulness of being and technical era / Prevención del suicidio: olvido del ser y la era de la técnica

Martin Heidegger, em sua ontologia, destaca uma característica específica da atualidade que atravessa o comportamento humano, na filosofia, na ciência ou no senso comum: o esquecimento do ser. O filósofo diferencia a época atual das demais épocas históricas. O horizonte histórico contemporâneo se desvela por meio do desafio e da exploração, da tentativa de controle e domínio dos acontecimentos, ao modo da disponibilidade e em função da produtividade. O filósofo esclarece que todo esse desenraizamento do homem atual está atrelado ao esquecimento daquilo que é o mais essencial, qual seja, a existência. A questão que norteia este estudo é apurar, por meio das referências de Heidegger e dos estudos sobre suicídio, o quanto a interpretação da morte voluntária nos dias atuais está atravessada por tal esquecimento. Pretendemos investigar o quanto as ações de prevenção desenvolvidas pela suicidologia se encontram atravessadas por tal esquecimento do ser do homem e, dessa forma, acabam por estabelecer relações entre ser e ente em uma consequente redução ao ente como invariante e atemporal. O caminho para investigar a questão iniciará por abordar, em maiores detalhes, a analítica existencial, a questão da técnica e o movimento de esquecimento do ser apontados por Heidegger a fim de problematizar as perspectivas científicas atuais sobre o suicídio em sua prevenção para, então, estabelecer uma compreensão fenomenológica e existencial sobre o referido fenômeno.(AU)

Martin Heidegger, in his ontology, highlights a specific characteristic of the present moment that crosses human behavior, in philosophy, science, or common sense: the forgetfulness of being. The philosopher differentiates the current age from other historical ages. The contemporary historical horizon is unveiled by the challenge and the exploration, from the attempt to control and dominate events, to the mode of standing reserve and in terms of productivity. The philosopher clarifies that all this uprooting of the current man is linked to the forgetfulness of what is the most essential, namely, the existence itself. The question that guides this study is to investigate, via Heidegger's references and studies on suicide, to what extent the interpretation of voluntary death today is crossed by such forgetfulness. We intend to investigate to what extent the prevention actions developed by suicidology are crossed by such forgetfulness of the human's being and, in this way, they end up establishing relationships between being and entity in a consequent reduction to entity as an invariant and timeless. The path to investigate the issue will start by addressing, in greater detail, the existential analytics, the question concerning technique and the movement of forgetting the being pointed out by Heidegger to problematize the current scientific perspectives on suicide and its prevention to, then, propose a phenomenological and existential understanding about the referred phenomenon.(AU)

Martin Heidegger en su ontología destaca una característica específica del presente que atraviesa el comportamiento humano, ya sea en la filosofía, la ciencia o el sentido común: el olvido del ser. El filósofo diferencia la época actual de otras épocas históricas. El horizonte histórico contemporáneo se devela el desafío y la exploración, el intento de controlar y dominar los eventos, en la modalidad de disponibilidad y en términos de productividad. Y así aclara que todo este desarraigo del hombre actual está involucrado en el olvido de lo más esencial, que es la existencia misma. A partir de las referencias a Heidegger y de los estudios sobre el suicidio, este estudio busca saber hasta qué punto la interpretación de la muerte voluntaria hoy está atravesada por este olvido. Pretendemos investigar en qué medida las acciones de prevención desarrolladas por la suicidología se encuentran atravesadas por el olvido del ser del hombre y, de esta manera, terminan por establecer relaciones entre el ser y el ente, en una consecuente reducción al ente como invariante y atemporal. Para investigar el tema se abordará inicialmente, con mayor detalle, la analítica existencial, la cuestión de la técnica y el movimiento del olvido del ser señalado por Heidegger para problematizar las perspectivas científicas actuales sobre el suicidio y su prevención y, luego, proponer una comprensión fenomenológica y existencial sobre el referido fenómeno.(AU)

Padrões espaciais e caracterização epidemiológica dos suicídios na microrregião de Chapecó, Santa Catarina: estudo ecológico, 1996-2018 / Patrones espaciales y caracterización epidemiológica de los suicidios en la micro-región de Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brasil: estudio ecológico, 1996-2018 / Spatial patterns and epidemiological characterization of suicides in the Chapecó micro-region, Santa Catarina, Brazil: an ecological study, 1996-2018

Objective: to identify spatial clusters of suicide and its epidemiological characteristics in the Chapecó (SC) micro-region from 1996 to 2018. Methods: this was an exploratory ecological study, using data from the Mortality Information System; specific suicide rates and relative risks (RR) were calculated with a 95% confidence interval (95%CI); the scan statistic was used for spatial analysis. Results: there were 1,034 suicides (13.7/100,000 inhabitants), with a male/female ratio of 3.79; the ≥ 60 age group was at higher risk for both sexes; a high risk cluster was found in the southwest region (RR = 1.57) and a low risk cluster in the southeast region, including Chapecó itself (RR = 0.68); risk of suicide among widowed (RR = 3.05; 95%CI 1.99;4.67), separated (RR = 2.48; 95%CI 1.44;4.27), and married (RR = 1.97; 95%CI 1.54;2.51) people was higher than among single people. The main methods were hanging (81.2%) and firearms (9.7%). Conclusion: there was a higher risk of suicide in the elderly, male and widowed people. Hanging was the most frequent method and risk clustering was found in the southwest.

Objetivo: identificar agregados espaciales de suicidio y el perfil epidemiológico en la microrregión de Chapecó (SC), 1996-2018. Métodos: estudio ecológico exploratorio, con datos del Sistema de Información de Mortalidad. Fueron calculadas tasas específicas de suicidio y riesgos relativos (RR) con intervalo de confianza 95% (IC95%). Para el análisis espacial se utilizó la estadística scan. Resultados: hubo 1.034 suicidios (13,7/100.000 habitantes), razón sexo masculino/femenino de 3,79. El grupo de ≥ 60 años presentó mayor riesgo para ambos sexos. Se observó un agregado de alto riesgo en la región suroeste (RR = 1,57) y un agregado de menor riesgo en el sureste (RR = 0,68). El riesgo de suicidio entre viudos (RR = 3.05; IC95% 1,99;4,67), separados (RR = 2.48; IC95% 1,44;4,27) y casados (RR = 1.97; IC95% 1,54;2,51) fueron mayores que entre solteros. El principal medio fue el ahorcamiento (81,2%), seguido de las armas de fuego (9,7%). Conclusión: hubo mayor riesgo de suicidio en ancianos, sexo masculino y viudos. Ahorcamiento fue el método más frecuente y se observó agrupación de riesgos hacia el Suroeste.

Objetivo: identificar conglomerados espaciais do suicídio e características epidemiológicas na microrregião de Chapecó, SC, Brasil, 1996-2018. Métodos: estudo ecológico exploratório, com dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade; foram calculadas taxas específicas de suicídio, e riscos relativos (RR) com intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%); na análise espacial, utilizou-se estatística scan. Resultados: 1.034 suicídios (13,7/100 mil habitantes), a razão sexo masculino/feminino de 3,79; a idade ≥ 60 anos apresentou maior risco para ambos os sexos; observou-se um conglomerado de alto risco na região sudoeste (RR = 1,57) e um de menor risco a sudeste, incluindo Chapecó (RR = 0,68); risco de suicídio entre viúvos (RR = 3,05; IC95% 1,99;4,67), separados (RR = 2,48; IC95% 1,44;4,27) e casados (RR = 1,97; IC95% 1,54;2,51) maior que entre solteiros; principal método, enforcamento (81,2%), seguido por uso de arma de fogo (9,7%). Conclusão: maior risco de suicídio para idosos, sexo masculino e viúvos; enforcamento foi mais frequente; conglomerado de risco a sudoeste.

Sentimentos e percepções do luto de sobreviventes ao suicídio de jovens / Feelings and perceptions of grief among survivors of youth suicide / Sentimientos y percepciones de duelo entre sobrevivientes de suicidio de jóvenes

Sobreviventes ao suicídio são pessoas que têm suas vidas profundamente afetadas e apresentam sofrimento psicológico, físico ou social após serem expostas a esse fato. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a experiência de sobreviventes ao suicídio de jovens, a partir do luto. Participaram sete sobreviventes entre familiares, amigos e parceiros amorosos de jovens que cometeram suicídio. A análise de conteúdo de entrevistas narrativas apontou que os participantes utilizam explicações racionalizadas ou dissociadas, criando uma distância entre o evento e eles mesmos. Como formas de lidar com o sofrimento podem buscar o isolamento, apoio entre amigos, prática religiosa e/ou a dedicação ao trabalho. Reafirma-se a dimensão do luto diante dessa experiência, além da importância da prevenção ao suicídio e da posvenção aos sobreviventes.(AU)

Suicide survivors are people who have their lives deeply affected; they experience psychological, physical, and social suffering following the occurrence. The aim of this study is to analyze the experience of survivors of youth suicide attempts, based on grief. Seven survivors participated among family, friends, and romantic partners of young people who committed suicide. The content analysis of narrative interviews showed that the participants use rationalized or dissociated explanations, creating a distance between the event and themselves. As ways to deal with suffering, they seek isolation, support among friends, religious practice, and/or dedication to work. The dimension of grief in the face of this experience is reaffirmed, as well as the importance of suicide prevention and postvention for survivors.(AU)

Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar la construcción metodológica desarrollada en una investigación de maestría, en la que sostenemos la escritura de escenas como método de investigación de la escucha clínica. Las escenas del trabajo en cuestión se recogieron a lo largo del tiempo desde la experiencia en un proyecto de extensión universitario de atención a la niñez y adolescencia en situación de vulnerabilidad social aplicado en una comunidad periférica. En este texto, presentamos los interrogantes que se elaboraron en torno a la elección por el trabajo con escenas y compartimos el rescate histórico de las mismas como un método de escribir la clínica y la reanudación del análisis a partir de la tradición psicoanalítica. Amparadas en el psicoanálisis y en lecturas y contribuciones del filósofo francés Jacques Derrida, nos basaremos en la noción de que la escena se constituye como un lugar de producción, engendrando la configuración particular de elementos significantes en los procesos de subjetivación y de construcción social. La escena no es aquí una representación de lo que pasa en la clínica, sino un modo de producir escucha y sus procesos de investigación.(AU)

Treatment compliance and risk and protective factors for suicide ideation to completed suicide in adolescents: a systematic review

Objective: To review the literature regarding adolescent suicide risk and explore the associations between treatment compliance (expressed as a concept including measured adherence to treatment and/or mental health service utilization) and risk and protective factors for suicidal behavior (SB), as well as the association between treatment compliance and reattempts. Methods: PubMed, LILACS, and Google Scholar were searched using the following terms: (adolescent*) AND (suicide*) AND (risk factor OR protective factors) AND (treatment compliance OR treatment attrition OR treatment adherence OR treatment drop out OR treatment retention OR mental health utilization). We retrieved studies that focused on the relation of treatment compliance to risk and protective factors for SB and that had only adolescent samples. Results: Of 4,841 articles, 30 original articles were selected for review. Most studies indicated high mental health service (MHS) utilization and poor treatment adherence by SB patients. Social minority status and conduct disorder were associated with less treatment adherence, while female sex, parental perceived need for treatment, and major depression were associated with greater treatment adherence. Inpatient and intensive emergency care after SA and family interventions improved MHS utilization and treatment compliance. However, we found no substantial protective effect of treatment compliance against reattempts. Conclusion: Effective treatment planning for compliance requires considering psychopathology, treatment planning, and social, familial, and individual factors.

Caracterización de adolescentes fallecidos por suicidio / Characterization of adolescents who died from suicide

Introducción: En la actualidad un grupo poblacional que tiene alto riesgo de suicidio son los adolescentes. Objetivo: Caracterizar a adolescentes que fallecieron por suicidio. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación cuantitativa descriptiva. La información de las muertes provino de los registros de defunción que gestiona el Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística de la República de Colombia, la cual es una fuente secundaria anónima. Se calcularon medidas de frecuencia relativa y absoluta. Resultados: En el período comprendido entre 1998-2017 se registraron 174 suicidios en adolescentes del Departamento de Putumayo. 59,1 por ciento eran mujeres, 22,4 por ciento tenía algún tipo de unión marital, 77,0 por ciento murió por envenenamiento. La tasa se ubicó en 12,0 suicidios por cada 100 000 adolescentes (9,6 en hombres y 14,5 en mujeres). Conclusiones: Se concluye que las tasas encontradas de suicidio son altas y ubican dicho departamento en los primeros lugares de suicidio en adolescentes del país, motivo por el cual las autoridades de salud deben implementar estrategias para mitigar esta situación(AU)

Introduction: Currently a population group that has a high risk of suicide are teenagers. Objective: To characterize suicide in teenagers in the Department of Putumayo, between the years 1998-2017. Methods: A descriptive quantitative investigation was carried out. The information on the deaths came from the country's death records managed by the National Administrative Department of Statistics of the Republic of Colombia which is an anonymous secondary source. Relative and absolute frequency measures were calculated. Results: In the period between 1998-2017 there were 174 suicides in teenagers in the Department of Putumayo. 59,1 percent were committed by women, 22,4 percent had some type of marital union, 77,0 percent died of poisoning. The rate was 12,0 (9,6 men and 14,5 women). Conclusions: It is concluded that the suicide rates found are high and place this department in the first places of suicide in teenagers in the country, which is why health authorities must implement strategies to mitigate this situation(AU)

Orientación suicida y su relación con factores psicológicos y sociodemográficos en estudiantes universitarios / Suicidal orientation and its relationship with Psychological and sociodemographic factors in university Students

Objetivo: Analizar el nivel de riesgo suicida y su relación con factores psicológicos y sociodemográficos en estudiantes universitarios. Metodología: Cuantitativa, diseño no experimental de tipo transversal, alcance descriptivo-correlacional. Muestra: Probabilística aleatoria estratificada por semestres, compuesta por 422 estudiantes de psicología de todos los semestres. Instrumentos: Se utilizó una ficha sociodemográfica, la escala de riesgo suicida de Plutchik y el inventario de orientación suicida. Resultados: Se identificó una prevalencia de intento de suicidio del 9 % y un factor de riesgo del 25,6 %, con una especificidad del 5,7 % en riesgo alto. Los niveles del riesgo suicida dependen de la variación de: antecedentes de intento de suicidio y enfermedad mental en la familia e intento previo en el estudiante. El rango de edad con mayor factor de riesgo es entre los 19 a 24 años, con mayor especificidad de los 22 a los 24 años. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto a género, estrato socioeconómico, jornada de estudio y semestres. Se encontró que las variables psicológicas: baja autoestima, desesperanza, incapacidad para afrontar emociones, soledad y aislamiento social se relacionan significativamente con la ideación y el riesgo suicida, de igual manera, presentaron promedios más altos en los estudiantes con intentos previos y antecedentes de enfermedad mental e intento de suicidio en la familia.

Objective: To analyze the level of suicide risk and its relationship with psychological and sociodemographic factors in university students. Methodology: Quantitative, non- experimental design of transverse type, descriptive­correlational scope. Sample: Probabilistic random stratified by semesters, composed of 422 psychology students of all semesters. Instruments: A sociodemographic card, Plutchik's suicidal risk scale and the suicidal orientation inventory were used. Results: A prevalence of suicide attempt of 9% and a risk factor of 25.6% were identified, with a specificity of 5.7% in high risk. The levels of suicidal risk depend on the variation of: history of suicide attempt and mental illness in the family and previous attempt in the student. The age range with the highest risk factor is between 19 and 24 years old, with higher specificity from 22 to 24 years old. No statistically significant differences were found in terms of gender, socioeconomic status, day of study and semesters. It was found that the psychological variables: low self-esteem, hopelessness, inability to cope with emotions, loneliness and social isolation are significantly related to suicidal ideation and risk, likewise, they presented higher averages in students with previous attempts and a history of mental illness and suicide attempt in the family.

Suicide mortality among youth in southern Brazil: a spatiotemporal evaluation of socioeconomic vulnerability

Objective: To conduct a geospatial analysis of suicide deaths among young people in the state of Paraná, southern Brazil, and evaluate their association with socioeconomic and spatial determinants. Methods: Data were obtained from the Mortality Information System and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Data on suicide mortality rates (SMR) were extracted for three age groups (15-19, 20-24, and 25-29 years) from two 5-year periods (1998-2002 and 2008-2012). Geospatial data were analyzed through exploratory spatial data analysis. We applied Bayesian networks algorithms to explore the network structure of the socioeconomic predictors of SMR. Results: We observed spatial dependency in SMR in both periods, revealing geospatial clusters of high SMR. Our results show that socioeconomic deprivation at the municipality level was an important determinant of suicide in the youth population in Paraná, and significantly influenced the formation of high-risk SMR clusters. Conclusion: While youth suicide is multifactorial, there are predictable geospatial and sociodemographic factors associated with high SMR among municipalities in Paraná. Suicide among youth aged 15-29 occurs in geographic clusters which are associated with socioeconomic deprivation. Rural settings with poor infrastructure and development also correlate with increased SMR clusters.

Tendência de suicídio em adolescentes brasileiros entre 1997 e 2016 / Tendencia al suicidio en adolescentes brasileños entre 1997 y 2016 / Suicide trend among Brazilian adolescents between 1997 and 2016

Objetivo: Analisar a tendência da mortalidade por suicídio em adolescentes brasileiros no período de 1997 a 2016. Métodos: Estudo ecológico de séries temporais; empregou-se regressão de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: Foram registrados 14.852 óbitos por suicídio, com taxas de mortalidade por 100 mil habitantes de 1,95 em 1997, 2,65 em 2016, e média de 2,14 no período 1997-2016; predominaram óbitos no sexo masculino (67,59%), por lesões autoprovocadas intencionalmente (84,19%), ocorridos no domicílio (52,69%); a região Centro-Oeste apresentou a maior taxa no período (3,71/100 mil hab.), com destaque para Mato Grosso do Sul (8,3/100 mil hab.); observou-se tendência de aumento de 1,35% ao ano na mortalidade por suicídio na população geral de adolescentes (IC95% 0,56;2,15), 1,63% no sexo masculino (IC95% 0,56;2,29), 3,11% na região Norte (IC95% 2,25;3,98) e 4,19% no Nordeste (IC95% 2,58;5,84). Conclusão: A mortalidade por suicídio em adolescentes brasileiros mostrou tendência ascendente no período estudado.

Objetivo: analizar la tendencia al suicidio en adolescentes brasileños de 1997 a 2016. Método: estudio ecológico de series temporales; se utilizó la regresión de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: se registraron 14.852 suicidios, con tasas de mortalidad de 1,95 por 100.000 habitantes en 1997, 2,65 en 2016 y promedio de 2,14 en el período 1997-2016; las muertes predominaron en el sexo masculino (67,59%), por autolesión intencional (84,19%) y ocurridas en casa (52,69%); la región Centro-Oeste tuvo la tasa más alta en el período (3,71/100,000 habitantes), con énfasis en Mato Grosso do Sul (8,3/100,000 habitantes); hubo una tendencia de aumento del 1,35% al año de la mortalidad por suicidio en la población adolescente general (IC95% 0,56; 2,15), 1,63% en varones (IC95% 0,56; 2,29), 3,11% en la región Norte (IC95% 2,25; 3,98) y 4.19% en el Nordeste (IC95% 2,58; 5;84). Conclusión: la mortalidad por suicidio en adolescentes brasileños mostró una tendencia al alza en el período estudiado.

Objective: To analyze the suicide mortality trend among Brazilian adolescents from 1997 to 2016. Methods: This is an ecological time series study; Prais-Winsten regression was used. Results: 14,852 suicide deaths were recorded, with mortality rates per 100,000 inhabitants of 1.95 in 1997, 2.65 in 2016 and average of 2.14 for the period 1997-2016; deaths predominated in males (67.59%), as well as deaths due to intentional self-harm (84.19%) and suicides at home (52.69%); the Midwest region had the highest rate in the period (3.71/100,000 inhabitants), in particular the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (8.3/100,000 inhabitants); the suicide trend rose 1.35% per annum in the general adolescent population (95%CI 0.56;2.15), 1.63% in males (95%CI 0.56;2.29), 3.11% in the North (95%CI 2.25;3.98) and 4.19% in the Northeast (95%CI 2.58;5.84). Conclusion: Suicide mortality in Brazilian adolescents showed an upward trend in the period studied.

Profile of Suicide Deaths in the Philippines from 2004-2008

Objective@#The study was conducted to describe the demographic characteristics and methods of suicide deaths from 2004-2008.@*Methodology@#This was a descriptive study of the profile of suicide deaths in the Philippines, based from the records of the Philippine National Police Crime Laboratory at Camp Crame in Quezon City, Philippines. Records of cases of suicide deaths confirmed by the P P Crime Laboratory between the dates of January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2008 were collected including age, sex, and mode of suicide. @*Results@#There were a total of 135 records of suicide deaths that were accessed. Among the 135 subjects, 86 (63.71 %) were males and 49 (36.29%) were females at a ratio of 1.7: 1. Subjects' age ranged from 8-80 years. Seventy four cases (54.81 %) of total cases belonged to the 20-40 year old age group, followed by the 41-64 yearold age group with 45 cases or 33.33% of total cases. Twelve subjects (8.88%) of total cases belonged to the 8-19 year-old age group, and 4 subjects or 2.96% of total cases belonged to the 65-80 age bracket. No cases were recorded below 7 years old and above 80 years old. One hundred twenty one of 135 total number of cases (89.62%) resorted to hanging themselves while 8 (5.92% ) used firearms to kill themselves. Five (3.71 %) jumped from high places and 1(0.75%) died of chemical ingestion.@*Conclusion@#The study showed that majority of suicide deaths belonged to the 20-40 year-old age group and more suicide deaths occurred among males. As to age distribution by sex, most deaths occurred among the 20-40 year-old age group for both sexes. Lastly, hanging was noted to be the leading mode of suicide among the subjects.

Vivencias y experiencias de individuos con ideación e intento suicida / Experiences of Individuals With Suicidal Ideation and Attempts

Introducción: El suicidio es un importante problema de salud pública. Abarca cerca de la mitad de las muertes violentas y se traduce aproximadamente en un millón de muertes anuales. Aunque las tasas de suicidio consumado son relativamente bajas en Colombia comparadas con las de otros países, el comportamiento suicida, representado no solo por el suicidio consumado, es un significativo problema de salud mental. Objetivo: Comprender cuáles son las vivencias y experiencias de un grupo de sujetos frente al fenómeno de la ideación y el intento suicida. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo con abordaje psicodinámico. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad con el fin de explorar procesos de pensamiento, emociones, motivaciones y vivencias que subyacen y acompañan al intento suicida. Resultados: Se entrevistó a 5 mujeres y 3 varones. La edad promedio era 29 años. La exploración de la experiencia subjetiva en el presente estudio mostró que la vivencia de soledad y el dolor psíquico se vinculan a la desesperanza, el pesimismo y la desmotivación. Asimismo, la ilusión de morir representa una invitación a la tentativa suicida. Conclusiones: Es importante considerar la valoración subjetiva que los pacientes con riesgo suicida hacen de su depresión y las situaciones estresantes. Además, los conceptos de soledad y dolor psíquico tienen un papel protagónico en la interacción entre el discurso y las vivencias de los participantes entrevistados.

Introduction: Suicide is a major public health problem. It covers about half of violent deaths and results in approximately one million deaths annually. Although completed suicide rates in Colombia are relatively low when compared with other countries, suicidal behavior, represented not only by completed suicide, is a significant mental health problem. Objective: To understand life experiences of a group of subjects related to the phenomenon of ideation and suicide attempt. Methodology: A qualitative study with a psychodynamic approach. In-depth interviews were conducted in order to explore thought processes, emotions, motivations and experiences that underlie and accompany the suicide attempt. Results: Five women and 3 men were interviewed. The average age was 29 years. The exploration of subjective experiences in the present study showed that loneliness and psychic pain were linked to hopelessness, pessimism and discouragement. Also, the illusion of death represents an invitation to suicide attempt. Conclusions: It is important to consider the subjective assessment that patients with suicidal risk make of their depression and stressful life situations. Additionally, the concepts of loneliness and psychic pain have a leading role in the interaction between discourse and the experiences of the participants interviewed.

Prevalencia puntual de consumo de sustancias en individuos que cometen suicidio por asfixia secundario a ahorcamiento en Santiago, 2014-2015 / Point prevalence of consumption of substances in individuals who commit suicide for asphyxia by hanging in Santiago, 2014-2015

Introducción: El trastorno por consumo de sustancias se ha asociado a suicidio, el que constituye la segunda causa de muerte en individuos entre 15 y 29 años. Dentro de los mecanismos más comunes de suicidio, se encuentra la asfixia por ahorcamiento. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia puntual de consumo de sustancias en individuos que ingresaron al Servicio Médico Legal (SML) de Avenida La Paz #1.012, Independencia, Santiago de Chile por suicidio secundario a asfixia por ahorcamiento durante 2014-2015. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de corte transversal en individuos que ingresaron al SML entre los años 2014-2015, cuya causa de muerte correspondiera a suicidio por asfixia por ahorcamiento y que tuvieran registros de: sexo, edad, alcoholemia y examen toxicológico. Se utilizó una plantilla Excel® 2011, determinándose estadística descriptiva y análisis porcentual. Resultados: Durante los años 2014-2015, ingresaron 8.321 individuos al SML, de los cuales se seleccionaron aleatoriamente 1.218 individuos. De dicha muestra, un 11,58% correspondió a muertes secundarias a asfixia por ahorcamiento. De éstos un 74,47% eran varones. El rango etario más frecuente correspondió a los 40-49 años. Un 49,65 % tenía alcoholemia positiva en sangre y un 58,87 % examen toxicológico positivo, siendo lo más frecuente la asociación de dos o más sustancias al momento del suicidio (39,72 %). Discusión: Se observan resultados similares en relación a edad, sexo en comparación a estudios similares, no así cuando se comparan las sustancias consumidas, donde hubo mayor prevalencia de cocaína. La prevalencia de consumo de sustancias en casos de suicidios consumados es de un 58,86%.

Introduction: The disorder for consumption of substances has been associated to suicide, this constitute the second cause of death in individuals between 15 and 29 years old. Among the most common mechanisms of suicide we found asphyxia by hanging. Objective: Determine the point prevalence in the consume of substances of individuals that were admitted in the Medical Legal Service (MLS) of Avenida La Paz #1.012, Independencia, Santiago de Chile, for secondary suicide asphyxia by hanging during 2014-2015. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study in individuals admitted in MLS between 2014-2015, whose cause of death corresponded to suicide due asphyxia by hanging wich had registers of: sex, age, blood alcohol test and toxicological exam. A 2011 Excel® template was used, determining descriptive statistics and percentage analysis. Results: During the years 2014-2015, 8.321 were admitted in MLS, of which 1.218 were randomly selected. Of this sample, 11.58 % corresponded to secondary death to asphyxia by hanging. Of these, 74.47 % were male. The most frequent age range corresponds to 40-49 years. 46.65 % hadethanol in blood and 58.87 % positive toxicological test, being the most frequent the association of two or more substances at the moment of the suicide (39.72 %). Discussion: Similar results are observed in relation to age, sex compared to similar studies, but not when comparing substances consumed, where there was a higher prevalence of cocaine. The prevalence of substances consumed in cases of completed suicides is 58.86%.