RESUMEN
Recently, two new combinations of ß-lactam antibiotics with ß-lactamase inhibitors become commercially avaiable in Brazil: piperacillin/tazobactam and ampicillin/sulbactam. This study was designed to assess and compare the in-vitro activity of theses new compounds, as well as that of ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, against bacteria isolated in our environment. A total of 749 bacteria isolated at São Paulo Hospital were tested using the disk diffusion method, in compliance with NCCLS Standardization, using strict quality control. Only one sample per patient was included in the study. Oxacillin-resistant staphylococcus samples were not included in this study. Of the total samples tested 84.5 percent were susceptible to piperacillin/tazobactam, 81.2 percent to ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, and 77.6 percent to ampicillin/sulbactam. Piperacillin/tazobactam was also found to be the most active combination of the three against Enterobacteriaceae (n=312), inhibiting 91.7 percent of the bacteria tested. Ticarcillin/clavulanic acid was active against 85.8 percent of the Enterobacteriaceae, while ampicillin/sulbactam inhibited 83.2 percent of the samples...
Asunto(s)
Ácido Clavulánico/farmacocinética , Ampicilina/farmacocinética , beta-Lactamasas , Técnicas In Vitro , Infección Hospitalaria/epidemiología , Infección Hospitalaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Piperacilina/farmacocinética , Sulbactam/farmacocinética , Sulbactam/uso terapéutico , Ticarcilina/farmacocinética , Ticarcilina/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Se midieron las concentraciones séricas de ticarcilina entre las 0.042 y las 12 h en seis ovinos adultos y sanos, luego de la administración de 40 mg/Kg por la vía intravenosa. La curva semilogarítmica concentración versus tiempo fue desripta monoexponencialmente. El análisis farmacocinético dio como resultados una constante de tasa de eliminación de 2,0214 ñ 0,657 1h, una vida media de eliminación de 0,37 ñ 0,097 h, un volumen de distribución de 398 ñ 111 ml/Kg y un aclaramiento corporal de 744,43 ñ 199,24 ml/h.Kg. La conclusión fué que la ticarcilina es una droga moderadamente distribuida y rápidamente eliminada, cuando se la administra en forma endovenosa a ovinos