Protocolo de recuperación mejorada después de cirugía (ERAS) atenúa el estrés y acelera la recuperación en pacientes después de resección radical por cáncer colorrectal: Experiencia en la Clínica Universitaria Colombia / Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol attenuates stress and accelerates recovery in patients after radical resection for colorectal cancer: Experience at Clínica Universitaria Colombia

Introducción. El conjunto de estrategias de recuperación mejorada después de la cirugía (ERAS, por sus siglas en inglés) constituye un enfoque de atención multimodal y multidisciplinario, cuyo propósito es reducir el estrés perioperatorio de la cirugía, disminuir la morbilidad y acortar la estancia hospitalaria. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir los resultados clínicos de pacientes sometidos a cirugía por cáncer colorrectal, identificando las complicaciones principales y los factores perioperatorios relacionados con el alta temprana. Métodos. Se analizaron los pacientes consecutivos sometidos a cirugía colorrectal entre los años 2020 y 2023, todos los cuales siguieron el protocolo ERAS institucional. Se evaluaron las características clínicas, los factores perioperatorios, los desenlaces postoperatorios y la tasa global de adherencia al protocolo. Resultados. Un total de 456 pacientes fueron sometidos a cirugía colorrectal, 51% de sexo masculino, con edad media de 60 años. La mayoría de las intervenciones se realizaron por laparoscopia (78 %), con una tasa de conversión del 14,5 %. Las complicaciones postoperatorias incluyeron fuga anastomótica (4,6 %), sangrado, infección intraabdominal y obstrucción intestinal. La estancia hospitalaria promedio fue de 4 días y la mortalidad del 2,8 %. La tasa global de adherencia al protocolo ERAS fue del 84,7 %. Conclusiones. El enfoque combinado de cirugía laparoscópica y protocolo ERAS es factible, seguro y se asocia con una estancia hospitalaria más corta. La implementación y adherencia al protocolo ERAS no solo mejora los resultados postoperatorios, sino que también resalta la importancia de acceder a datos sólidos, permitiendo mejorar la atención perioperatoria local.

Introduction. The Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol is a multimodal, multidisciplinary approach to care, the purpose of which is to reduce the perioperative stress of surgery, decrease morbidity, and shorten hospital stay. This study aimed to describe the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer, identifying the main complications and perioperative factors related to early discharge. Methods. Consecutive patients undergoing colorectal surgery between 2020 and 2023 were analyzed, who followed the institutional ERAS protocol. Clinical characteristics, perioperative factors, postoperative outcomes, and overall protocol adherence rate were evaluated. Results. A total of 456 patients underwent colorectal surgery, 51% male, with a mean age of 60 years. Most interventions were performed laparoscopically (78%), with a conversion rate of 14.5%. Postoperative complications included anastomotic leak (4.6%), followed by bleeding, intra-abdominal infection, and intestinal obstruction. The average hospital stay was 4 days and mortality was 2.8%. The overall adherence rate to the ERAS protocol was 84.7%. Conclusions. The combined approach of laparoscopic surgery and ERAS protocol is feasible, safe, and associated with a shorter hospital stay. Implementation and adherence to the ERAS protocol not only improves postoperative outcomes, but also highlights the importance of accessing solid data, allowing for improved local perioperative care.

Influência do tempo de internação hospitalar sobre a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca pediátrica por meio de método linear / Influence of hospital stay on the variability of pediatric heart rate by linear method / Influencia de la estancia hospitalaria en la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca pediátrica por método lineal

INTRODUÇÃO: A imobilização prolongada acarreta prejuízos sistêmicos que repercute diretamente em maiores agravos aos pacientes, dentre eles se encontra a redução da VFC, indicativo de maior morbimortalidade clínica. OBJETIVO: Analisar se o tempo de internação hospitalar influencia a modulação autonômica da frequência cardíaca em pacientes pediátricos. METODOLOGIA: Estudo longitudinal, quantitativo e prospectivo, realizado em uma enfermaria pediátrica. A amostra foi de pacientes entre 4 a 11 anos, ambos gêneros, internados dentro das primeiras 48 horas. A coleta iniciou após a assinatura do TCLE pelo responsável, seguida do colhimento dos dados pessoais e clínicos dos pacientes seguida da coleta da VFC, repetida no último dia de internação. A captação da VFC foi realizada pelo monitor Polar RS800CX. Os dados foram transferidos e passados por uma análise matemática no programa Kubios HRV2.2. Por fim, os dados foram tabulados e analisados pelo Microsoft Excel 2013 e software BioEstat® 5.3 respectivamente. RESULTADOS: Os valores lineares no domínio do tempo obtiveram média pré (IRR=644,7 com P=0,42; RMSSD= 46,1 com P=0,017 e SDNN=43,5 com P=0,017) e pós (IRR=656,3; RMSSD=34,8; SDNN=35,38) e no domínio da frequência média pré (LF=41,9 com P=0,013; HF=58,0 com P=0,013; LF/HF=1,03 com P=0,04) e pós (LF=52,2; HF=47,7; LF/HF=3,56). A correlação de Pearson na análise tanto de RMSSD pós x tempo de internação, quanto SDNN pós x tempo de internação demonstraram R=0,55 e R=0,59 respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: Foi observado que o tempo de internação exerce influência negativa sobre a modulação autonômica da frequência cardíaca em pacientes pediátricos.

INTRODUCTION: Prolonged immobilization causes systemic damage that has a direct impact on greater harm to patients, among which is the reduction in HRV, indicative of greater clinical morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: To analyze whether the length of hospital stay influences the autonomic modulation of heart rate in pediatric patients. METHODOLOGY: Longitudinal, quantitative and prospective study, carried out in a pediatric ward. The sample consisted of patients between 4 and 11 years old, both genders, hospitalized within the first 48 hours. The collection began after the signature of the TCLE by the guardian, followed by the collection of the patients' personal and clinical data, followed by the HRV collection, repeated on the last day of hospitalization. HRV capture was performed by the Polar RS800CX monitor. The data were transferred and passed through a mathematical analysis in the Kubios HRV2.2 program. Finally, data were tabulated and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2013 and BioEstat® 5.3 software, respectively. RESULTS: Linear values in the time domain obtained mean pre (IRR=644.7 with P=0.42; RMSSD=46.1 with P=0.017 and SDNN=43.5 with P=0.017) and post (IRR=656.3; RMSSD=34.8; SDNN=35.38) and in the pre mean frequency domain (LF=41.9 with P=0.013; HF=58.0 with P=0.013; LF/HF=1,03 with P=0.04) and powders (LF=52.2; HF=47.7; LF/HF=3.56). Pearson's correlation in the analysis of both the RMSSD post x length of stay and the SDNN post x length of stay showed R=0.55 and R=0.59 respectively. CONCLUSION: It was observed that the length of stay has a negative influence on the autonomic modulation of heart rate in pediatric patients.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La inmovilización prolongada provoca daños sistémicos que repercuten directamente en un mayor perjuicio para los pacientes, entre los que se encuentra la disminución de la VFC, indicativa de una mayor morbimortalidad clínica. OBJETIVO: Analizar si la duración de la estancia hospitalaria influye en la modulación autonómica de la frecuencia cardiaca en pacientes pediátricos. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio longitudinal, cuantitativo y prospectivo, realizado en una planta de pediatría. La muestra consistió en pacientes entre 4 y 11 años, de ambos sexos, hospitalizados dentro de las primeras 48 horas. La recogida se inició tras la firma del TCLE por el tutor, seguida de la recogida de los datos personales y clínicos de los pacientes, seguida de la recogida de la VFC, repetida el último día de hospitalización. La captura de la VFC se realizó con el monitor Polar RS800CX. Los datos se transfirieron y pasaron por un análisis matemático en el programa Kubios HRV2.2. Finalmente, los datos fueron tabulados y analizados utilizando Microsoft Excel 2013 y el software BioEstat® 5.3, respectivamente. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvieron valores lineales en el dominio temporal medios pre (TIR=644,7 con P=0,42; RMSSD=46,1 con P=0,017 y SDNN=43,5 con P=0,017) y post (TIR=656,3; RMSSD=34. 8; SDNN=35,38) y en el dominio de la frecuencia media pre (LF=41,9 con P=0,013; HF=58,0 con P=0,013; LF/HF=1,03 con P=0,04) y polvos (LF=52,2; HF=47,7; LF/HF=3,56). La correlación de Pearson en el análisis tanto de la RMSSD post x duración de la estancia como de la SDNN post x duración de la estancia mostró R=0,55 y R=0,59 respectivamente. CONCLUSIÓN: Se observó que la duración de la estancia influye negativamente en la modulación autonómica de la frecuencia cardíaca en pacientes pediátricos.

Relação entre a condição bucal de gestantes internadas e desfechos adversos na gestação / Relationship between the oral condition of hospitalized pregnant women and adverse pregnancy outcomes

Objetivo: avaliar se a condição bucal favoreceu a presença de desfechos adversos da gestação (DAG) em mulheres internadas e acompanhadas em um hospital escola. Métodos: um estudo de coorte retrospectiva com mulheres grávidas que foram internadas entre setembro de 2019 e início de março de 2020 e que continuaram o acompanhamento obstétrico. Resultados: Das 65 gestantes que seguiram acompanhamento, 27 (41,5%) dos bebês nasceram pré-termo e 20 (30,8%) com baixo peso, sendo que as duas condições estavam presentes em 15 crianças (23,1%), sendo significantemente relacionadas com a menor semana gestacional na internação. Ao relacionar diferentes fatores com o desfecho pré-termo, houve diferença significante em gestantes com a ocupação "do lar" e com o tempo de internação igual ou maior que 10 dias e com a presença de baixo peso ao nascer. Não foi observada relação dos dados avaliados da condição bucal das gestantes na internação com o parto pré-termo. Conclusões: Gestantes que necessitam de internação hospitalar durante a gravidez, independente da condição bucal, aumentam a possibilidade de apresentarem DAG, sendo fundamental a realização do correto acompanhamento pré-natal.(AU)

Objective: to assess whether the oral condition favored the presence of adverse effects during pregnancy in pregnant women hospitalized and followed up at a teaching hospital. Methods: a retrospective cohort study with mothers who were hospitalized during pregnancy between September 2019 and early March 2020 and who continued obstetric follow-up. Results: 83 pregnant women were interviewed and 65 were followed up Of the 65 pregnant women who followed up, 27 (41.5%) of the babies were born preterm and 20 (30.8%) with low birth weight, and both conditions were present in 15 children (23.1%), being significantly related to the shortest gestational week at admission. When relating different factors with the preterm outcome, there was a significant difference in pregnant women with the occupation "housewife" and with the length of hospital stay equal to or greater than 10 days and with the presence of low birth weight. There was no relationship between the evaluated data on the oral condition of pregnant women during hospitalization and preterm delivery. Conclusions: Pregnant women who require hospitalization during pregnancy, regardless of oral condition, increase the possibility of having negative pregnancy outcomes, and correct prenatal care is essential. (AU)

A internação da gestante pode afetar a condição bucal do filho no terceiro ano de vida? / Can a pregnant woman's hospitalization affect the child's oral condition in the third year of life?

Objetivo: Avaliar se a hospitalização na gestação pode influenciar na condição bucal do filho no terceiro ano de vida. Métodos: Estudo longitudinal com bebês de gestantes internadas e acompanhadas no setor da Obstetrícia de um Hospital Escola em Pelotas, RS, Brasil. Os dados referentes a hospitalização e ao parto foram coletados do prontuário hospitalar e no terceiro de vida do filho (a) de um questionário aplicado a mãe e do exame bucal da criança. Cada agravo bucal foi avaliado com critérios específicos, por uma examinadora calibrada e analisado no programa IBM SPSS Statistics com 5% de nível de significância. Resultados: Participaram 20 díades mãe-filho (a). Alterações da oclusão acometeram 95% das crianças, sendo a mordida aberta anterior (MAA) a principal. Ainda, 25% das crianças apresentaram opacidades demarcas e/ou hipoplasia do esmalte, sendo significativamente maior em filhos de mães mais jovens e 20% tinham cárie da primeira infância (CPI), estando relacionada à ausência de creme dental fluoretado e à qualidade da higiene bucal. Conclusão: O reflexo mais evidente da hospitalização na gestação na saúde bucal no terceiro ano de vida do filho (a) foi a oclusão alterada, especialmente a MAA.(AU)

Objective: To assess whether hospitalization during pregnancy can influence the child's oral condition in the third year of life. Methods: Longitudinal study with babies of pregnant women hospitalized and followed up in the Obstetrics sector of a Teaching Hospital in Pelotas, RS, Brazil. Data referring to hospitalization and childbirth were collected from the hospital records and in the child's third of life through a questionnaire applied to the mother and the child's oral examination. Each oral condition was evaluated with specific criteria, by a calibrated examiner and analyzed in the IBM SPSS Statistics program with a 5% minimum significance level. Results: 20 mother-child participated. Occlusion alterations affected 95% of the children, with anterior open bite (AOB) being the main. Still, 25% of the children had opacities and/or enamel hypoplasia, which was significantly higher in children of younger mothers, and 20% had early childhood caries, which is related to the absence of fluoride toothpaste and the quality of oral hygiene. Conclusion: The clearest reflection of hospitalization during pregnancy on oral health in the third year of the child's life was altered occlusion, especially the AOB.(AU)

Twenty-four hours stay after colorectal surgery: a systematic review

Introduction: The introduction of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery led to increasing twenty-four hours discharge pathways, for example in laparoscopic cholecystectomy and bariatric surgery. However, implementation in colorectal surgery still must set off. This systematic review assesses safety and feasibility of twenty-four hours discharge in colorectal surgery in terms of readmission and complications in current literature. Secondary outcome was identification of factors associated with success of twenty-four hours discharge. Methods: Pubmed and EMBASE databases were searched to identify studies investigating twenty-four hours discharge in colorectal surgery, without restriction of study type. Search strategy included keywords relating to ambulatory management and colorectal surgery. Studies were scored according to MINORS score. Results: Thirteen studies were included in this systematic review, consisting of six prospective and seven retrospective studies. Number of participants of the included prospective studies ranged from 5 to 157. Median success of discharge was 96% in the twenty-four hours discharge group. All prospective studies showed similar readmission and complication rates between twenty-four hours discharge and conventional postoperative management. Factors associated with success of twenty-four hours discharge were low ASA classification, younger age, minimally invasive approach, and relatively shorter operation time. Conclusions: Twenty-four hours discharge in colorectal surgery seems feasible and safe, based on retro- and prospective studies. Careful selection of patients and establishment of a clear and adequate protocol are key items to assure safety and feasibility. Results should be interpreted with caution, due to heterogeneity. To confirm results, an adequately powered prospective randomized study is needed. (AU)

Our experience of emergency colorectal injury as a result of abdominal trauma

Objective: In the present study, we aimed to examine the treatments and their outcomes in cases with colon injuries after blunt and penetrating abdominal traumas. Materials and Methods: Twenty-six patients who underwent a laparotomy and were found to have a colon injury due to blunt abdominal trauma, penetrating stab injury, gunshot injury, and traffic accident were included. All patients were admitted into the emergency outpatient clinic of Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital General Surgery Clinic between 2016 and 2020. The records of the cases were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Colon injuries were detected in 26 cases. All 26 (100%) cases were males with an average age of 29.80 ± 11.4 (range: 17-60) years old. Colon injuries observed during emergency operations included 18 (69.23%) patients with a GSI (gunshot injuries), 3 (11.53%) with penetrating stab injuries, 4 (15.38%) who were a part of traffic accidents and 1 (3.85%) patient with a blunt abdominal trauma. A primary colon repair was performed in 10 patients. Five patients underwent a colon resection and there were end colostomies. Four patients underwent a loop ileostomy after a colon resection and anastomosis. Colon resections with anastomoses were performed in seven patients. The mean hospitalization period was 26 ± 29.28 days. Conclusion: Patients should be classified intraoperatively with findings, such as peritoneal contamination, degree of colon injury, duration of the injury, and any accompanying injuries. (AU)

Perioperative costs of local or regional anesthesia versus general anesthesia in the outpatient setting: a systematic review of recent literature

Abstract Background and objectives: In this systematic review, we carried out an assessment of perioperative costs of local or regional anesthesia versus general anesthesia in the ambulatory setting. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted to find relevant data on costs and cost-effectiveness analyses of anesthesia regimens in outpatients, regardless of the medical procedure they underwent. The hypothesis was that local or regional anesthesia has a lower economic impact on hospital costs in the outpatient setting. The primary outcome was the average total cost of anesthesia calculated on perioperative costs (drugs, staff, resources used). Results: One-thousand-six-hundred-ninety-eight records were retrieved, and 28 articles including 27,581 patients were selected after reviewing the articles. Data on the average total costs of anesthesia and other secondary outcomes (anesthesia time, recovery time, time to home readiness, hospital stay time, complications) were retrieved. Taken together, these findings indicated that local or regional anesthesia is associated with lower average total hospital costs than general anesthesia when performed in the ambulatory setting. Reductions in operating room time and postanesthesia recovery time and a lower hospital stay time may account for this result. Conclusions: Despite the limitations of this systematic review, mainly the heterogeneity of the studies and the lack of cost-effectiveness analysis, the economic impact of the anesthesia regimes on healthcare costs appears to be relevant and should be further evaluated.

Assessment of the Risk Factors Related to the Length of Hospital Stay and Postoperative Complications in Patients Undergoing Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty / Avaliação dos fatores de risco relacionados ao tempo de internação e às complicações pós-operatórias em pacientes submetidos a artroplastia total primária do joelho

Abstract Objective To assess the risk factors involving longer hospital stays and early postoperative complications (first 30 days after surgery) in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Materials and Methods Across-sectional study was conducted with collection of data of patients who underwent TKA in a private hospital between 2015 and 2019. The following data were collected: age, gender, body mass index, and clinical comorbid-ities. We also collected intraoperative data such as the grade on the classification of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), the duration of the surgery, the length of stay, the postoperative complications, and readmission within 30 days. Statistical models were used to investigate the possible risk factors associated with longer hospital stays and postoperative complications. Results There was evidence of an increase in the length of hospital stay in older patients, with higher grades on the ASA classification or who suffered postoperative complications. For each increase in 1 year of age, we expect the length of stay to be multiplied by 1.008 (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.004 to 1.012; p < 0,001). In patients who were ASA grade III, the time is expected to be multiplied by 1.297 (95%CI: 1.083 to 1.554; p = 0,005) when compared with grade-I patients. In patients who suffered postoperative complications, the time is expected to be multiplied by 1.505 (95%CI: 1.332 to 1.700; p < 0.001) compared with patients without complications. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that, in patients who underwent primary TKA, preoperative characteristics such as older age and ASA grade > III, as well as the development of postoperative complications, independently predict the increase in the length of hospital stay.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar os fatores de risco relacionados a um tempo de internação mais longo e às complicações pós-operatórias precoces (primeiros 30 dias após a cirurgia) em pacientes submetidos a artroplastia total do joelho (ATJ). Materiais e Métodos Este é um estudo transversal com coleta de dados de pacientes submetidos a ATJ em um hospital privado entre 2015 e 2019. Os seguintes dados foram coletados: idade, gênero, índice de massa corporal, e comorbidades clínicas. Também coletamos dados intraoperatórios, como o grau na classificação da American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) e a duração da cirurgia, além do tempo de internação, as complicações pós-operatórias, e a readmissão em 30 dias. Os possíveis fatores de risco associados a um tempo de internação mais longo e às taxas de complicações pós-operatórias foram investigados por meio de modelos estatísticos. Resultados Os pacientes mais velhos, com graus mais elevados na classificação da ASA ou que sofreram complicações pós-operatórias, ficaram internados por mais tempo. Para cada aumento em um ano de idade, esperamos que o tempo de internação seja multiplicado por 1,008 (intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC95%]: 1,004 a 1,012; p < 0,001). Em pacientes de grau III na classificação da ASA, espera-se que o tempo seja multiplicado por 1,297 (IC95%: 1,083 a 1,554; p = 0,005) em comparação com pacientes de grau I. Em pacientes com complicações pós-operatórias, espera-se que o tempo seja multiplicado por 1,505 (IC95%: 1,332 a 1,700; p < 0,001) em comparação com pacientes sem complicações. Conclusão Este estudo demonstrou que, em pacientes submetidos a ATJ primária, características pré-operatórias, como idade avançada e grau ≥ III na classificação da ASA, e o desenvolvimento de complicações pós-operatórias predizem o aumento do tempo de internação hospitalar de forma independente.

The impact of emergence delirium on hospital length of stay for children who underwent tonsillectomy/adenotonsillectomy: an observational retrospective study

Abstract Background Emergence Delirium (ED) is a combination of disturbance of perception and psychomotor agitation that is common in pediatric patients after general anesthesia, especially at preschool age. Since the effect of ED on the length of stay has been studied in adults but infrequently in children, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between ED and length of stay in this population. Methods A single center, retrospective, observational study was carried out in children who underwent tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy. The Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale was used to assess ED. In addition to the time to hospital discharge (time frame 24 hours), drugs used, comorbidities, early postoperative complications, and pain were investigated if potentially associated with the complication. Results Four hundred sixteen children aged from 1.5 to 10 years (183 female, 233 male) were included. ED occurred in 25.5% of patients (n = 106). Patients were divided into the ED group and the No-ED group. The discharge time was similar in both groups. No significant differences were observed in the frequency of postoperative complications. The use of fentanyl or dexmedetomidine did not affect ED occurrence. The frequency of pain was greater in the ED group, both in the recovery room and in the ward (p= 0.01). Conclusions The occurrence of ED in children after tonsillectomy/adenotonsillectomy did not extend the length of stay.

Tumores cardíacos benignos operados en un Centro de Cirugía Cardiovascular Regional 2015 - 2021 / Benign cardiac tumors operated on at a regional cardiovascular center (2015 - 2021)

Introducción: Los tumores cardíacos primarios se caracterizan por su baja prevalencia, son principalmente mixomas y se presentan frecuentemente de forma asintomática. Objetivos: Identificar el tipo histológico más común, edad de presentación, tipo de cirugías y sobrevida de un grupo de pacientes tratados por Tumores Cardíacos Primarios (TCP) en el Hospital Regional de Temuco. Métodos: Revisión de fichas clínicas de 14 pacientes portadores de TCP entre marzo 2015 y diciembre 2021. Resultados: El tipo histológico más común fue el mixoma (85,7%), seguido por el fibroelastomas papilar (14,3%). La edad promedio fue 62 años (39-85), 9 fueron mujeres y 5 hombres. Los antecedentes mórbidos más comunes fueron: Insuficiencia Cardíaca Congestiva (ICC), Hipertensión Arterial (HTA) y Accidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE). La localización anatómica más común fue la Aurícula izquierda (92%). El tratamiento en el 92% de los casos fue resección aislada y en el 7% restante resección y reparación con parche. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados son concordantes con la literatura.

Background: primary cardiac tumors are characterized by a low prevalence. Most of them are myxomas and asymptomatic. Aim: To describe the most common histological type, the age of presentation, type of surgery performed and survival of a group of patients operated on for Primary Cardiac Tumors (PCT) in the Hospital Regional de Temuco (Chile). Methods: Review of clinical records of 14 patients with PCT operated on between March 2015 and December 2021. Results: By far the most common histological type was a myxoma (85.7%), followed by a papillary fibroelastoma (14.3%). Mean age was 62 years (39-85), 9 were women and 5 men. The most common associated medical conditions were Congestive Heart Failure (CHF), Arterial Hypertension and Stroke The usual anatomical location was the left atrium (92%). Surgical treatment was isolated resection in 92% of cases and along with a patch repair in the remaining patient. Conclusion: good results were obtained, similar to those described in the literature.

Resecciones Hepáticas Laparoscópicas por Hepatocarcinoma: Resultados Perioperatorios y Oncológicos / Outcomes of Laparoscopic Liver Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Single-Center Experience

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer in the world. Surgery is the treatment of choice in stages 0 and A in the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer classification. A minimally invasive technique in this scenario has the advantage of reducing postoperative pain, blood loss, and hospital stay. We present our experience and outcomes in laparoscopic liver resection in HCC. METHODS: Retrospective descriptive analysis from all patients who underwent laparoscopic liver resection for HCC in our center between August 2006 and December 2020. RESULTS: Laparoscopic liver resection for HCC was performed in 20 patients. The median age was 70 years, and the male gender was 75%. Sixteen patients had chronic liver disease, and 87.5% were Child A. The most common liver resection was the non-anatomical (45%). 30-day morbidity was 15%, without the need for reintervention. We had no 30-day mortality and postoperative liver failure. Negative margins were achieved in 90% of patients. Median disease-free survival and overall survival were 25 and 40.5 months, respectively. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic liver resection for the treatment of HCC in our series is safe, with no 30-day mortality, low incidence of complications, no postoperative liver failure, and suitable medium- and long-term oncological results

Estudio de los desenlaces perioperatorios de la apendicitis aguda durante la pandemia por COVID-19: un estudio observacional analítico de cohorte / Study of perioperative outcomes of acute appendicitis during the COVID-19 pandemic: An analytical observational cohort study

Introducción. La condición de pandemia por COVID-19 impactó a la sociedad y los sistemas de salud a nivel mundial. Las adaptaciones institucionales procuraron mantener la calidad de la atención a pesar de un contexto organizacional desfavorable. La apendicitis aguda requirió ser manejada en un nuevo escenario institucional. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la efectividad del tratamiento quirúrgico de la apendicitis durante la pandemia. Métodos. Estudio observacional analítico, retrospectivo, en el que se incluyeron pacientes sometidos a apendicectomía, antes y durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Se evaluaron las complicaciones, infección del sitio operatorio, reingresos y estancia hospitalaria. Adicionalmente, se analizaron los desenlaces en los 3 picos epidemiológicos de la pandemia. Se efectuaron estadísticas descriptivas y analíticas entre los grupos a comparar. Resultados. Se incluyeron 1521 pacientes con apendicitis, 48,3 % operados antes y 51,7 % durante la pandemia. No hubo diferencias entre los grupos en complicaciones (p=0,352), infección del sitio operatorio (p=0,191), reingreso en los primeros 30 días (p=0,605) y estancia hospitalaria (p=0,514). El manejo de la apendicitis durante el tercer pico fue similar a las prácticas habituales. El tiempo de evolución fue mayor durante la pandemia (p=0,04) y los pacientes fueron llevados a cirugía más pronto que previo a la pandemia (p<0,001). Conclusiones. No se evidenció un incremento de complicaciones quirúrgicas, reingresos, estancia hospitalaria ni infección del sitio operatorio en los pacientes operados durante la pandemia. Hubo un efecto favorable para los pacientes como consecuencia de la adaptación institucional en la pandemia por COVID-19

Introduction. COVID-19 pandemic impacted society and health systems worldwide. The institutional adaptations sought to maintain the quality of care in an unfavorable organizational context. Acute appendicitis was required to be managed in a new institutional setting. The effectiveness of surgical treatment of appendicitis during the pandemic was evaluated. Methods. Retrospective analytical observational study, in patients with appendectomy, before and during COVID-19 pandemic. Complications, surgical site infections, readmissions, and hospital stay were evaluated. Additionally, the outcomes in the 3 epidemiological peaks of the pandemic were analyzed. Descriptive and analytical statistics were performed between the groups to be compared. Results. A total of 1521 patients with appendicitis were included, 48.3% before and 51.7% during the pandemic. There were no differences in complications (p=0.352), operative site infection (p=0.191), readmission at 30 days (p=0.605), and hospital stay (p=0.514) between the groups. Management of appendicitis during the 3rd peak was like usual practices. There was a long evolution time during the pandemic (p=0.04) and the patients were taken to surgery sooner than before the pandemic (p<0.001). Conclusions. There was no evidence of an increase in surgical complications, readmissions, hospital stay, and surgical site infections during patients who underwent surgery. There was a favorable effect for patients because of institutional adaptation in the COVID-19 pandemic

Piomiositis en pediatría: experiencia de 10 años en un hospital pediátrico de alta complejidad en Argentina / Pyomyositis in pediatrics: 10-year experience in a high-complexity pediatric hospital in Argentina

INTRODUCCIÓN: La piomiositis es una infección bacteriana agudasubaguda del músculo esquelético. OBJETIVO: Estimar la incidencia de piomiositis en pacientes internados, describir e identificar factores de riesgo para bacteriemia y hospitalización, y evaluar diferencias entre Staphylococccus aureus sensible y resistente a meticilina (SASM y SARM). PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, observacional, con pacientes de 1 mes a 18 años de edad, internados entre el 1 de enero de 2008 y 31 de diciembre de 2018. Variables: sexo, edad, hacinamiento en el hogar, existencia de lesión previa, estacionalidad, localización anatómica e imágenes, antibioterapia previa, estadio clínico, parámetros de laboratorio, cultivos y antibiograma, días de tratamiento intravenoso (IV), de internación, de fiebre y bacteriemia. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 188 pacientes. Incidencia: 38,9 casos / 10.000 admisiones (IC95 % 33,7 - 44,9). Días de internación y tratamiento IV: 11 (RQ 8-15 y RQ 8-14, respectivamente). El desarrollo de bacteriemia se asoció a PCR elevada (p = 0,03) y fiebre prolongada (p < 0,001). No hubo diferencias en la evolución y parámetros de laboratorio entre SASM y SARM. La leucocitosis (p = 0,004), neutrofilia (p = 0,005) y bacteriemia (p = 0,001) se asociaron a mayor estadía hospitalaria. CONCLUSIONES: Este estudio recaba la experiencia de más de 10 años de niños internados con diagnóstico de piomiositis y proporciona información sobre sus características. Se describen parámetros asociados a bacteriemia y estadía hospitalaria.

BACKGROUND: Pyomyositis is an acute-subacute bacterial infection of skeletal muscle. AIM: To estimate the incidence of pyomyositis in hospitalized patients, describe and identify risk factors for bacteremia and hospitalization, and evaluate differences between MSSA and MRSA. METHODS: Descriptive, retrospective, observational study with patients aged 1 month to 18 years hospitalized between January, 1, 2008 and December 1, 2018. Variables: sex, age, home overcrowding, previous injury, seasonality, anatomical location and images, previous antibiotherapy, clinical stage, laboratory, cultures and antibiogram, days of intravenous (IV) treatment, hospitalization, fever and bacteremia. RESULTS: 188 patients were included. Incidence: 38.9 cases/10,000 admissions (95% CI 33.7 - 44.9). Days of hospitalization and IV treatment: 11 (RQ 8-15 and RQ 8-14, respectively). The development of bacteremia was associated with elevated CRP (p = 0.03) and prolonged fever (p < 0.001). There were no differences in the evolution and laboratory parameters between MSSA and MRSA. Leukocytosis (p = 0.004), neutrophilia (p = 0.005), and bacteremia (p = 0.001) were associated with a longer hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS: This study collects the experience of more than 10 years of hospitalized children diagnosed with pyomyositis and provides information on its characteristics. Parameters associated with bacteremia and hospital stay are described.

Association between enhanced recovery after surgery protocol compliance and clinical complications: a cohort study

Abstract Background Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol is composed by evidence-based interventions that aim to improve recovery through a reduction in surgical stress response. Although ERAS protocols have been introduced across the globe, exhaustive implementation is not as common. We aimed to study the ERAS protocol compliance in colorectal surgery, assessing the relationship between compliance and postoperative complications. Methods A single-center cohort study was conducted. All consecutive patients admitted to elective colorectal surgery were included. We assessed study endpoints according to ERAS protocol perioperative compliance score above 75%. Our primary endpoint was a composite of postoperative events, which includes in-hospital postoperative complications and need for reoperation after 30 days and need for readmission after discharge. Secondary endpoints were surgery-to-discharge time, postoperative use of only non-opioid adjuvants and the individual components of the primary endpoint. Results A total of 224 colorectal patients were included. The primary endpoint occurred in 59.2% (n = 58) of non-compliant patients comparing to 34.1% (n = 43) in compliant patients. In univariate analysis, compliance to ERAS protocol had an inferior risk for the primary endpoint (p< 0.001). In a logistic regression model, compliance was independently associated with a reduced risk for the primary endpoint with a odds-ratio of 0.42 (95% CI 0.23-0.75, p= 0.004). Conclusion Compliance with the ERAS protocol is associated with less complications, a reduced surgery-to-discharge time and use of only non-opioid adjuvants in the postoperative period. More studies are needed to target the most appropriate compliance goal.

Implementation of an ERAS program in patients undergoing thoracic surgery at a third-level university hospital: an ambispective cohort study

Abstract Objective To analyze the effects of an ERAS program on complication rates, readmission, and length of stay in patients undergoing pulmonary resection in a tertiary university hospital. Methods Ambispective cohort study with a prospective arm of 50 patients undergoing thoracic surgery within an ERAS program (ERAS group) versus a retrospective arm of 50 patients undergoing surgery before the protocol was implemented (Standard group). The primary outcome was the number of patients with 30-day surgical complications. Secondary outcomes included ERAS adherence, non-surgical complications, mortality, readmission, reintervention rate, pain, and hospital length of stay. We performed a multivariate logistic analysis to study the correlation between outcomes and ERAS adherence. Results In the univariate analysis, we found no difference between the two groups in terms of surgical complications (Standard 18 [36%] vs. ERAS 12 [24%], p = 0.19). In the ERAS group, only the readmission rate was significantly lower (Standard 15 [30%] vs. ERAS 6 [12%], p = 0.03). In the multivariate analysis, ERAS adherence was the only factor associated with a reduction in surgical complications (OR [95% CI] = 0.02 [0.00, 0.59], p = 0.03) and length of stay (HR [95% CI] = 18.5 [4.39, 78.4], p < 0.001). Conclusions The ERAS program significantly reduced the readmission rate at our hospital. Adherence to the ERAS protocol reduced surgical complications and length of stay.

Early mobilization after total hip or knee arthroplasty: a substudy of the POWER. 2 study

Abstract Background Early mobilization after surgery is a cornerstone of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) programs in total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Our goal was to determine the time to mobilization after this surgery and the factors associated with early mobilization. Methods This was a predefined substudy of the POWER.2 study, a prospective cohort study conducted in patients undergoing THA and TKA at 131 Spanish hospitals. The primary outcome was the time until mobilization after surgery as well as determining those perioperative factors associated with early mobilization after surgery. Results A total of 6093 patients were included. The median time to achieve mobilization after the end of the surgery was 24 hours [16-30]. 4,222 (69.3%) patients moved in ≤ 24 hours after surgery. Local anesthesia [OR = 0.80 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72-0.90); p= 0.001], surgery performed in a self-declared ERAS center [OR = 0.57 (95% CI: 0.55-0.60); p< 0.001], mean adherence to ERAS items [OR = 0.93 (95% CI: 0.92-0.93); p< 0.001], and preoperative hemoglobin [OR = 0.97 (95% CI: 0.96-0.98); p< 0.001] were associated with shorter time to mobilization. Conclusions Most THA and TKA patients mobilize in the first postoperative day, early time to mobilization was associated with the compliance with ERAS protocols, preoperative hemoglobin, and local anesthesia, and with the absence of a urinary catheter, surgical drains, epidural analgesia, and postoperative complications. The perioperative elements that are associated with early mobilization are mostly modifiable, so there is room for improvement.

Development of mortality prediction model for critically ill patients based on multidimensional and dynamic clinical characteristics / 中华危重病急救医学

OBJECTIVE@#To develop a mortality prediction model for critically ill patients based on multidimensional and dynamic clinical data collected by the hospital information system (HIS) using random forest algorithm, and to compare the prediction efficiency of the model with acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) model.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 10 925 critically ill patients aged over 14 years old admitted to the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 2014 to June 2020 were extracted from the HIS system, and APACHE II scores of the critically ill patients were extracted. Expected mortality of patients was calculated according to the death risk calculation formula of APACHE II scoring system. A total of 689 samples with APACHE II score records were used as the test set, and the other 10 236 samples were used to establish the random forest model, of which 10% (n = 1 024) were randomly selected as the validation set and 90% (n = 9 212) were selected as the training set. According to the time series of 3 days before the end of critical illness, the clinical characteristics of patients such as general information, vital signs data, biochemical test results and intravenous drug doses were selected to develope a random forest model for predicting the mortality of critically ill patients. Using the APACHE II model as a reference, receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was drawn, and the discrimination performance of the model was evaluated through the area under the ROC curve (AUROC). According to the precision and recall, Precision-Recall curve (PR curve) was drawn, and the calibration performance of the model was evaluated through the area under the PR curve (AUPRC). Calibration curve was drawn, and the consistency between the predicted event occurrence probability of the model and the actual occurrence probability was evaluated through the calibration index Brier score.@*RESULTS@#Among the 10 925 patients, there were 7 797 males (71.4%) and 3 128 females (28.6%). The average age was (58.9±16.3) years old. The median length of hospital stay was 12 (7, 20) days. Most patients (n = 8 538, 78.2%) were admitted to intensive care unit (ICU), and the median length of ICU stay was 66 (13, 151) hours. The hospitalized mortality was 19.0% (2 077/10 925). Compared with the survival group (n = 8 848), the patients in the death group (n = 2 077) were older (years old: 60.1±16.5 vs. 58.5±16.4, P < 0.01), the ratio of ICU admission was higher [82.8% (1 719/2 077) vs. 77.1% (6 819/8 848), P < 0.01], and the proportion of patients with hypertension, diabetes and stroke history was also higher [44.7% (928/2 077) vs. 36.3% (3 212/8 848), 20.0% (415/2 077) vs. 16.9% (1 495/8 848), 15.5% (322/2 077) vs. 10.0% (885/8 848), all P < 0.01]. In the test set data, the prediction value of random forest model for the risk of death during hospitalization of critically ill patients was greater than that of APACHE II model, which showed by that the AUROC and AUPRC of random forest model were higher than those of APACHE II model [AUROC: 0.856 (95% confidence interval was 0.812-0.896) vs. 0.783 (95% confidence interval was 0.737-0.826), AUPRC: 0.650 (95% confidence interval was 0.604-0.762) vs. 0.524 (95% confidence interval was 0.439-0.609)], and Brier score was lower than that of APACHE II model [0.104 (95% confidence interval was 0.085-0.113) vs. 0.124 (95% confidence interval was 0.107-0.141)].@*CONCLUSIONS@#The random forest model based on multidimensional dynamic characteristics has great application value in predicting hospital mortality risk for critically ill patients, and it is superior to the traditional APACHE II scoring system.

Effects of Tanreqing Injection on ICU Mortality among ICU Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation: Time-Dependent Cox Regression Analysis of A Large Registry / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To assess whether the use of Tanreqing (TRQ) Injection could show improvements in time to extubation, intensive care unit (ICU) mortality, ventilator-associated events (VAEs) and infection-related ventilator associated complication (IVAC) among patients receiving mechanical ventilation (MV).@*METHODS@#A time-dependent cox-regression analysis was conducted using data from a well-established registry of healthcare-associated infections at ICUs in China. Patients receiving continuous MV for 3 days or more were included. A time-varying exposure definition was used for TRQ Injection, which were recorded on daily basis. The outcomes included time to extubation, ICU mortality, VAEs and IVAC. Time-dependent Cox models were used to compare the clinical outcomes between TRQ Injection and non-use, after controlling for the influence of comorbidities/conditions and other medications with both fixed and time-varying covariates. For the analyses of time to extubation and ICU mortality, Fine-Gray competing risk models were also used to measure competing risks and outcomes of interest.@*RESULTS@#Overall, 7,685 patients were included for the analyses of MV duration, and 7,273 patients for the analysis of ICU mortality. Compared to non-use, patients with TRQ Injection had a lower risk of ICU mortality (Hazards ratios (HR) 0.761, 95% CI, 0.581-0.997), and was associated with a higher hazard for time to extubation (HR 1.105, 95% CI, 1.005-1.216), suggesting a beneficial effect on shortened time to extubation. No significant differences were observed between TRQ Injection and non-use regarding VAEs (HR 1.057, 95% CI, 0.912-1.225) and IVAC (HR 1.177, 95% CI, 0.929-1.491). The effect estimates were robust when using alternative statistic models, applying alternative inclusion and exclusion criteria, and handling missing data by alternative approaches.@*CONCLUSION@#Our findings suggested that the use of TRQ Injection might lower mortality and improve time to extubation among patients receiving MV, even after controlling for the factor that the use of TRQ changed over time.

Length of stay and inpatient charges of total knee arthroplasty in China: analysis of a national database / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#There are limited data on the resource utilization of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in China. This study aimed to examine the length of stay (LOS) and inpatient charges of TKA in China, and to investigate their determinants.@*METHODS@#We included patients undergoing primary TKA in the Hospital Quality Monitoring System in China between 2013 and 2019. LOS and inpatient charges were obtained, and their associated factors were further assessed using multivariable linear regression.@*RESULTS@#A total of 184,363 TKAs were included. The LOS decreased from 10.8 days in 2013 to 9.3 days in 2019. The admission-to-surgery interval decreased from 4.6 to 4.2 days. The mean inpatient charges were 61,208.3 Chinese Yuan. Inpatient charges reached a peak in 2016, after which a gradual decrease was observed. Implant and material charges accounted for a dominating percentage, but they exhibited a downward trend, whereas labor-related charges gradually increased. Single marital status, non-osteoarthritis indication, and comorbidity were associated with longer LOS and higher inpatient charges. Female sex and younger age were associated with higher inpatient charges. There were apparent varieties of LOS and inpatient charges among provincial or non-provincial hospitals, hospitals with various TKA volume, or in different geographic regions.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The LOS following TKA in China appeared to be long, but it was shortened during the time period of 2013 to 2019. The inpatient charges dominated by implant and material charges exhibited a downward trend. However, there were apparent sociodemographic and hospital-related discrepancies of resource utilization. The observed statistics can lead to more efficient resource utilization of TKA in China.

Epidemiology and estimated economic impact of musculoskeletal injuries in polytrauma patients in a level one trauma centre in Singapore

INTRODUCTION@#Musculoskeletal injuries are the most common reason for surgical intervention in polytrauma patients.@*METHODS@#This is a retrospective cohort study of 560 polytrauma patients (injury severity score [ISS] >17) who suffered musculoskeletal injuries (ISS >2) from 2011 to 2015 in National University Hospital, Singapore.@*RESULTS@#560 patients (444 [79.3%] male and 116 [20.7%] female) were identified. The mean age was 44 (range 3-90) years, with 45.4% aged 21-40 years. 39.3% of the patients were foreign migrant workers. Motorcyclists were involved in 63% of road traffic accidents. The mean length of hospital stay was 18.8 (range 0-273) days and the mean duration of intensive care unit (ICU) stay was 5.7 (range 0-253) days. Patient mortality rate was 19.8%. A Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score <12 and need for blood transfusion were predictive of patient mortality (p < 0.05); lower limb injuries, road traffic accidents, GCS score <8 and need for transfusion were predictive of extended hospital stay (p < 0.05); and reduced GCS score, need for blood transfusion and upper limb musculoskeletal injuries were predictive of extended ICU stay. Inpatient costs were significantly higher for foreign workers and greatly exceeded the minimum insurance coverage currently required.@*CONCLUSION@#Musculoskeletal injuries in polytrauma remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, and occur predominantly in economically productive male patients injured in road traffic accidents and falls from height. Increasing insurance coverage for foreign workers in high-risk jobs should be evaluated.